罗玉沟流域水土保持植被工程效果评价

选取8个与植被工程效果紧密相关的评价指标,建立工程实施效果的评价指标体系,评价甘肃藉河流域罗玉沟世行二期项目实施情况。采用层次分析和综合指数相结合的方法,将罗玉沟流域水土保持植被工程实施效果综合指数等间距地划分为5个等级。结果表明：罗玉沟流域植被工程实施综合效果总体处于“良好”等级,但仍存在林分结构布局不合理、草地盖度偏小等问题,结合工程现状提出了今后的改进方向。     

奶牛秸秆型日粮矿物质营养水平评价

对淄博地区奶牛营养两次调查过程中,发现秸杆型日粮饲喂的奶牛可能存在矿物质缺乏问题。针对这一问题,测定日粮中钙、磷、铜、锰、铁、锌和奶牛血液中铜、锰、铁、锌元素的浓度,用以评价秸杆型日粮奶牛矿物质营养水平。结果表明:①秸杆型日粮存在矿物质营养不平衡问题,锰、锌元素不足,铁元素过剩。②秸杆型日粮矿物质营养具有互补作用。③评价奶牛矿物质营养水平的手段有待改进。     

Use of genomic recursions and algorithm for proven and young animals for single‐step genomic BLUP analyses – a simulation study

The purpose of this study was to examine accuracy of genomic selection via single‐step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) when the direct inverse of the genomic relationship matrix ( G ) is replaced by an approximation of G ^?1 based on recursions for young genotyped animals conditioned on a subset of proven animals, termed algorithm for proven and young animals (APY). With the efficient implementation, this algorithm has a cubic cost with proven animals and linear with young animals. Ten duplicate data sets mimicking a dairy cattle population were simulated. In a first scenario, genomic information for 20k genotyped bulls, divided in 7k proven and 13k young bulls, was generated for each replicate. In a second scenario, 5k genotyped cows with phenotypes were included in the analysis as young animals. Accuracies (average for the 10 replicates) in regular EBV were 0.72 and 0.34 for proven and young animals, respectively. When genomic information was included, they increased to 0.75 and 0.50. No differences between genomic EBV (GEBV) obtained with the regular G ^?1 and the approximated G ^?1 via the recursive method were observed. In the second scenario, accuracies in GEBV (0.76, 0.51 and 0.59 for proven bulls, young males and young females, respectively) were also higher than those in EBV (0.72, 0.35 and 0.49). Again, no differences between GEBV with regular G ^?1 and with recursions were observed. With the recursive algorithm, the number of iterations to achieve convergence was reduced from 227 to 206 in the first scenario and from 232 to 209 in the second scenario. Cows can be treated as young animals in APY without reducing the accuracy. The proposed algorithm can be implemented to reduce computing costs and to overcome current limitations on the number of genotyped animals in the ssGBLUP method.     

草坪质量的模糊数学综合评价方法

由于国内外对草坪质量评价还没有统一标准,探索建立数量化、多指标的质量评价方法具有重要意义。选择了密度、质地、颜色、盖度、均一性、回弹性作为评价指标进行数量化测定,采用层次分析法(AHP)通过构建权重矩阵,对观赏草坪和运动草坪分别配以指标权重,然后结合模糊数学综合评判方法,给出草坪质量的评价等级。评定结果基本符合实际,表明该方法能为客观评价草坪质量进一步提供理论方法依据,具有一定科学性和实用性。     

略论我国草地资源综合评价的基本内容

草地资源综合评价是以草地自然植被，生态环境条件，草地资源经济和社会因素等为特性的草地利用、管理、保护等综合鉴定，在实践中草地资源综合评价与农牧业生产紧密联系的，这对合理利用草地，保护草地环境起到了重大的作用，它推动农、牧、林业生产的持续发展。到目前为止，草地资源综合评价工作，无论在理论上和方法上还缺乏系统性的论述。本文着重从三个方面的问题略加阐述，以便将草地资源评价的研究推向一个高层次，促进草地科学更全面、更系统地向前发展，进一步丰富草地学内容     

3种非常规粗饲料对宁乡花猪的营养价值评定

试验旨在比较猪对苎麻、构树与发酵构树营养成分的利用率,通过全收粪、回肠瘘管、Cr2O3指示剂法及套算法,采用4×4拉丁方设计,选择(30.00±1.78) kg的健康去势公猪(宁乡花猪)6头,共进行4期试验,各期分别饲喂基础日粮、70％基础日粮+30％苎麻、70％基础日粮+30％构树、70％基础日粮+30％发酵构树,测...     

Comparative analysis of evaluation parameters in E. acervulina,E. maxima and E. tenella-infected broilers

Three parameters, body weight gain (BWG), intestinal lesion score (LS) and fecal oocyst shedding, were compared in broilers infected with major parasitic species; Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella. First, two- and three-week-old chickens with Eimeria infection showed LS of approximately 3, but two-week-old chickens were more correlated with BWG. Second, significant differences in BWG were observed between male and female broilers challenged with Eimeria. Finally, E. maxima-infected broilers among three Eimeria species showed a higher relationship between BWG and LS, suggesting three considerations such as genders, age and Eimeria species for Eimeria experiments.     

加压滴灌技术在棉花、小麦上应用的经济效益评价

采用经济学评价方法,通过对加压滴灌棉花和小麦生产和管理运行成本、单位面积产值、纯收益和成本收益率等进行全面的分析评价,并与常规地面灌棉花和小麦进行对比分析,为加压滴灌在粮食作物上的进一步扩大推广提供依据.结果表明.加压滴灌棉花纯效益每公顷为10859.1元,成本纯收益率为64.82%,与常规灌溉棉花生产相比,成本纯收益...     

黄土丘陵区四种人工灌木植被生态经济效益分析

以定西地区常见人工灌木树种柠条、沙棘、红柳、紫穗槐为研究对象,利用生态经济学原理提出其生态经济效益评价的指标体系和评价方法,通过农村社会调查和市场分析并结合影子价格法、机会成本法和影子工程法等方法．分别计算四种灌木的生态经济效益。综合效益分析表明,四种灌木树种生态效益大小顺序为沙棘＞红柳＞柠条＞紫穗槐,经济效益大小顺序为紫穗槐＞沙棘＞红柳＞柠条。从总净收益来看,四种灌木生态经济效益总和大小顺序为沙棘＞紫穗槐＞红柳＞柠条。表明沙棘是该区优良的植被恢复灌木树种,适宜在定西地区大面积推广。     

9个高羊茅品种苗期耐盐性研究

采用盆栽法,观测高羊茅9个品种（系）在不同的盐分浓度梯度（0%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%）胁迫下的存活率、株高、生物量3个形态指标和游离脯氨酸含量、质膜透性2个生理指标,对9个高羊茅品种的苗期耐盐性进行了综合评价。结果表明：存活苗数、相对株高、生物量随盐浓度的升高而降低;脯氨酸含量、质膜相对透性随盐浓度的升高而升高;综合评价9个高羊茅品种,幼苗的耐盐能力强弱顺序为：92-93〉92-81〉92-107〉92-114〉89-92〉92-72〉92-87〉92-105〉92-106。