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941.
研究鱼类对反击式水轮机流道内压力突变的响应,为水电站水轮机的结构优化和生态运行提供技术支撑。实验鱼为四大家鱼1龄幼鱼,体长(100±10)mm、体宽(6±2)mm,鱼体健康、鱼鳞完整;实验装置由变频真空泵、高压舱、压力表、连接气管、高速摄像机组成。对四大家鱼幼鱼分别进行负压承受实验(预设压力值分别为80、60、40、20 kPa)、循环负压承受实验(预设压力值分别为80、60、40、20 kPa)和压力梯度承受实验(预设压力值分别为40、20 kPa),测试鱼的行为状态和损伤状况;实验结束后,实验鱼被分别移入暂养水槽暂养,并观察记录其实验后1、4和12 h的自愈状态;最后解剖实验鱼,观察和记录其脏器损伤状态。结果表明:(1)四大家鱼幼鱼对水体中的压力陡降具有较强的敏感性,出现损伤主要发生在第1次压力陡降过程,损伤程度与最小压力值及压力变化梯度成正相关,负压循环次数的增加不会增加家鱼幼鱼受压力损伤的程度和死亡率;(2)压力最低值和压力梯度是家鱼幼鱼通过水轮机流道下行受到压力损伤的主要原因,随着压力最低值的降低和压力梯度的增大,家鱼幼鱼损伤的程度和死亡率上升;(3)生活在河流中底层的青鱼和草鱼对负压和压力梯度较生活在河流中上层鲢和鳙具有更好的耐受性,在进入水轮机流道前鱼类适应压力状态与鱼体通过水轮机受到压力损伤具有一定的相关性;(4)四大家鱼幼鱼受到压力损伤的阈值为20 kPa,当压力值小于或等于损伤阈值,家鱼幼鱼受到压力损伤。 相似文献
942.
利用正交试验法研究了影响超高压卸压阀寿命的3个因素:硬度、密封面粗糙度和冲蚀角.实验结果表明:材料的硬度对阀芯寿命的影响较大,随着材料硬度的提高,阀芯寿命大幅度提高.密封面粗糙度对阀芯寿命影响:Ra值在1.6~0.4μm范围内不大,但总的趋势为密封面粗糙度数值越小,寿命越长,当Ra》1.6μm时,会大大降低阀芯的使用寿命.冲蚀角在20°~30°之间对阀芯的寿命影响不大. 相似文献
943.
长输天然气管道在地形起伏山区地段清管时,必须考虑高程差引起的重力位能变化对水力计算的影响,以及管道中积水注静压阻力对清管器运行速度的影响。依据长输天然气管道清管作业规程SY/T6383-1999,结合榆济管道汾阳-武乡段清管作业实际,针对5次清管作业清管器的运行速度和运行区间的压差进行统计分析,总结了管道积水静压阻力、地形起伏山区诱发段塞流和强烈段塞流对清管作业的影响。通过建立数学模型,简化了积水静压阻力计算公式,建立了分段积水注长度和高程差与积水静压阻力的函数关系式。指出了长输天然气管道在不停输状态下利用清管器对大口径、高压力的北方山区管道进行清管作业的注意事项。 相似文献
944.
Spatial and temporal variability of the Aleutian climate 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
945.
Shinnosuke Nakayama Stefan Linzmaier John Briege Thomas Klefoth Tonio Pieterek Robert Arlinghaus 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2018,27(3):798-812
Fine‐scale underwater telemetry affords an unprecedented opportunity to understand how aquatic animals respond to environmental changes. We investigated the movement patterns of an aquatic top predator, Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis), using a three‐dimensional acoustic telemetry system installed in Kleiner Döllnsee (25 ha), a small, shallow, mesotrophic natural lake. Adult piscivorous perch (N = 16) were tagged and tracked in the whole lake at a minimum of 9‐s intervals over the course of one year. Perch increased swimming activity with higher water temperature and light intensity. Air pressure, wind speed and lunar phase also explained perch movements, but the effects were substantially smaller compared to temperature and light. Perch showed a strong diel pattern in activity, with farther swimming distances and larger activity spaces during the daytime, compared to the night‐time. To investigate the influence of prey distribution, we sampled the prey fish in both littoral and pelagic zones in both day and night monthly using gill nets. We found that the prey fish underwent diel horizontal migration, using the littoral zone during the day and the pelagic zone during the night. However, perch showed the opposite patterns, suggesting either that the prey fish avoided predation risk or that the horizontal diel migration of perch was driven by other mechanisms. Our results collectively suggest that the movement ecology of piscivorous perch is mainly governed by a foraging motivation as a function of abiotic variables, especially temperature and light. 相似文献
946.
947.
Lídia M Matsubara MV MSc Valéria N L S Oliva† MV PhD Daniela T Gabas MV MSc Guillermo C V Oliveira MV & Maria L Cassetari‡ MSc 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(5):407-413
Objective To investigate the effects of a low-dose constant rate infusion (LCRI; 50 μg kg−1 minute−1 ) and high-dose CRI (HCRI; 200 μg kg−1 minute−1 ) lidocaine on arterial blood pressure and on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane (Sevo), in dogs.
Study design Prospective, randomized experimental design.
Animals Eight healthy adult spayed female dogs, weighing 16.0 ± 2.1 kg.
Methods Each dog was anesthetized with sevoflurane in oxygen and mechanically ventilated, on three separate occasions 7 days apart. Following a 40-minute equilibration period, a 0.1-mL kg−1 saline loading dose or lidocaine (2 mg kg−1 intravenously) was administered over 3 minutes, followed by saline CRI or lidocaine LCRI or HCRI. The sevoflurane MAC was determined using a tail clamp. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure and plasma concentration of lidocaine were measured. All values are expressed as mean ± SD.
Results The MAC of Sevo was 2.30 ± 0.19%. The LCRI reduced MAC by 15% to 1.95 ± 0.23% and HCRI by 37% to 1.45 ± 0.21%. Diastolic and mean pressure increased with HCRI. Lidocaine plasma concentration was 0.84 ± 0.18 for LCRI and 1.89 ± 0.37 μg mL−1 for HCRI. Seventy-five percent of HCRI dogs vomited during recovery.
Conclusion and clinical relevance Lidocaine infusions dose dependently decreased the MAC of Sevo, did not induce clinically significant changes in HR or arterial blood pressure, but vomiting was common during recovery in HCRI. 相似文献
Study design Prospective, randomized experimental design.
Animals Eight healthy adult spayed female dogs, weighing 16.0 ± 2.1 kg.
Methods Each dog was anesthetized with sevoflurane in oxygen and mechanically ventilated, on three separate occasions 7 days apart. Following a 40-minute equilibration period, a 0.1-mL kg
Results The MAC of Sevo was 2.30 ± 0.19%. The LCRI reduced MAC by 15% to 1.95 ± 0.23% and HCRI by 37% to 1.45 ± 0.21%. Diastolic and mean pressure increased with HCRI. Lidocaine plasma concentration was 0.84 ± 0.18 for LCRI and 1.89 ± 0.37 μg mL
Conclusion and clinical relevance Lidocaine infusions dose dependently decreased the MAC of Sevo, did not induce clinically significant changes in HR or arterial blood pressure, but vomiting was common during recovery in HCRI. 相似文献
948.
针对九龙江北引二期改造工程引水隧洞开挖爆破施工中爆破振动进行监测,研究爆破地震波给洞口地面工程带来的振动安全影响。通过对振动监测数据的回归分析,得到了隧洞爆破振动传播衰减规律。同时,根据振动监测成果,结合隧洞爆破开挖施工特点,确定了进水口区域地面工程的施工程序,使各重要部位的爆破振动控制在了安全范围以内。在此基础上,对洞口边坡上的实测爆破振动信号进行频谱分析,研究了边坡上爆破振动信号的能量分布特性,并分析了地形地质条件对爆破地震波传播的影响特点。 相似文献
949.
[目的]系统评价不同烟梗回潮工艺对梗丝物理和烟气指标的影响情况.[方法]通过对比检测分析常压烟梗回潮工艺与高压蒸梗工艺不同压力条件下处理的梗丝的物理指标和烟气指标.[结果]试验得出,高压蒸梗处理梗丝的整丝率低于常压处理梗丝,随着高压处理压力的增加、蒸汽温度的增加,梗丝整丝率呈现下降趋势;高压蒸梗低压润梗梗丝填充值与常压处理下差异较小,随着高压处理压力的增加、蒸汽温度的增加,梗丝填充值呈现下降趋势;高压蒸梗工艺储梗后梗丝填充值略有降低,整丝率略有提升;高压蒸梗工艺梗丝的焦油释放量、CO释放量高于常压处理梗丝,随着高压处理压力的增加、蒸汽温度的增加,焦油及CO释放量呈现上升趋势.[结论]研究可为合理选择烟梗回潮工艺提供理论依据. 相似文献
950.