浅谈工业锅炉给水除氧

阐述了工业锅炉给水除氧的原理,并对常用的热力除氧、真空除氧、解吸除氧等技术进行了分析。     

Sensitivity of Root Rot Antagonist Phlebiopsis gigantea spores to high temperature or pressure

Aqueous suspensions of Phlebiopsis gigantea oidiospores, used as a biological control agent against Heterobasidion annosum, were either (1) set under pressure, (2) warmed or (3) used in mechanized stump treatment. Survival of P. gigantea following these treatments was monitored by estimation of oidia germination on agar medium and compared with the germination of oidia from control suspensions. Pressure up to 2200 kPa had no effect on the survival of P. gigantea. No effect on the survival was detected following incubation at ambient pressure for between 5 min and 8 h at 20°C. Phlebiopsis gigantea spore germination had an optimum at 30°C. When exposed to temperatures exceeding 30°C, viability of P. gigantea spores decreased with time. During mechanized stump treatment, survival of P. gigantea was not significantly lower, neither after the suspension had passed through the stump treatment device nor after 7 h time, compared with a fresh control suspension. Thus, mechanized application under normal summer conditions in Sweden did not obstruct the spore germination of P. gigantea in this study.     

Effects of contact with wood on blood pressure and subjective evaluation

This study examined the effects of contact with wood on the living human body using a physiological index and subjective evaluation. Consecutive blood pressure measurements were used as the physiological index, and sensory evaluation using the semantic differential (SD) method was used for subjective evaluation. Consideration was also given to cases in which materials were cooled and heated as well as kept at room temperature, to eliminate the effects of heat flux due to differences in thermal conductivity between wood and other materials. It was found that contact with wood produced coarse/natural sensations, with no associated increase in systolic blood pressure. Contact with cold wood created subjectively dangerous/uncomfortable but still coarse/natural sensations, also with no associated increase in blood pressure; therefore, there was no correspondence between subjective evaluation and physiological responses. Contact with aluminum kept at room temperature and cold acrylic plastic created flat/artificial and dangerous/uncomfortable sensations, with an associated significant increase in blood pressure; thus, there was a close correlation between subjective evaluation and physiological responses. It was therefore concluded that contact with wood, unlike artificial materials such as aluminum, induces no physiological stress even when kept at room temperature or cooled. Part of this report was presented at the 48th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society in Shizuoka, April 1998     

加压因素对杨木单板压缩率和回弹率的影响

以速生杨木的边/心材单板为研究对象,对其进行水热密实化处理,通过单因素试验方法,分别研究了加压温度和加压压力对杨木边/心材单板的压缩率、气干24和48 h的厚度回弹率的影响,初步探讨了各个因素的作用机理.研究发现:各因素水平下,杨木边/心材单板的压缩率和厚度回弹率均呈现出一定的规律性,心材单板的压缩率高于边材单板,但厚度回弹率低于边材单板,且各因素的作用机理有所差异.边/心材单板水热密实化处理的较佳条件均为:加压温度150℃,加压压力5 MPa.     

基于超高压水切割法的木制工艺品加工参数优选与分析

在我国木材加工领域,数控超高压水射流技术的应用尚处于起步阶段,多用于珍贵木材的切割。为优化水切割在木材加工领域中的应用,笔者将中密度纤维板和意杨实木作为试验材料,采用正交试验法,以调砂速度、气干密度、水切割压力、进给速度、靶距工艺参数作为对其加工表面粗糙度的影响因素。利用数控工作系统设计CAD图案后进行的水切割试验,并通过对试件表面粗糙度的测量和相关计算,得到各工艺参数影响显著度程度及其最优方案。该研究对花式木地板及其木刻、木结构室内装饰板、红木家具等木制工艺品的加工领域提供工艺参数优选,具有较高的应用价值和现实意义。     

乙醇发酵分离耦合过程中负压对酵母代谢的影响

研究了负压对酵母繁殖力、酵母形态、发酵性能、发酵副产物等的影响,结果表明:通过平板和显微镜观察,发现负压对酵母的繁殖力和形态有一定的影响;抽样的最大乙醇浓度、乙醇生产力比对照高;抽压过程中有一部分糖被消耗转化为菌体的维持能;并根据发酵结果,对菌体生长、糖消耗、CO2生成、乙醇生成进行了曲线拟合。     

矿物药超高压射流粉碎可行性研究

利用超高压射流技术对自然铜、滑石、龙骨、龙齿进行粉碎,测定超细粉平均粒径、比表面积、分布宽度(SPAN)、分散稳定性、休止角及松密度。与常规粉比较发现超细粉平均粒径减小了89.15%～93.72%,松密度减小了28.57%～40.40%,比表面积增大了4.282～11.160倍,休止角增大了0.072～0.458倍,滑石超细粉在羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)中的分散性较好。利用超高压射流技术粉碎矿物药是可行的,为该技术在粉碎领域的应用提供了依据。     

超临界水氧化压力条件对剩余污泥处理效果的影响

在不同压力条件下,采用超临界水氧化法处理剩余污泥。对化学需氧量(COD)、总氮、氨氮的去除效果及总磷、正磷酸盐的变化规律进行了研究,并对处理后的固体产物进行了分析。结果表明,随着反应压力增大,反应后出水水质较好,COD去除效果提高,COD去除率最高为95.80%;随反应压力增大,总氮去除效果提高,总氮去除率最高为85.27%;总氮主要以游离氨和铵离子形式存在,氨氮去除率最高为50.81%。反应压力在27 MPa时,液相中正磷酸盐的转化率达到97.23%。反应后污泥中的磷元素主要以磷酸盐形式存在于污泥残渣中。处理后残渣主要还包含O、Si、Al、Fe,P,S和Ca。超临界水氧化技术处理剩余污泥具有较好的无害化和减量化效果。     

输气管道站场调压阀噪声的产生机理

针对输气管道分输站场存在的噪声超标问题,以忠武线武汉东站调压阀噪声为研究对象,利用气体动力学原理对噪声产生的过程进行分析,采用流体动力学模拟技术对噪声源内部流场进行模拟.通过理论分析和流场模拟,得到调压阀噪声产生的机理为机械振动噪声和流体动力学噪声,其中前者为调压阀的主要噪声.研究得到噪声与调压阀开度的关系：在一定的开度范围内,噪声值随着开度的增大而增大.研究结果可为输气管道站场的降噪技术研究提供指导.     

高选择压力下蛤仔奶牛蛤品系两个世代连续选择的选择反应和现实遗传力

以1％为选择压力,以壳长为选择指标,对菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum奶牛蛤品系进行了两个世代的连续混合选择,并跟踪测量了各试验组在不同生长阶段的壳长,计算了选择反应、现实遗传力和遗传获得等遗传参数.结果表明：在奶牛蛤两个世代的各个生长阶段,选择组的平均壳长均大于对照组;F2和F3世代的选择反应在幼虫培育期、稚贝培育期和幼贝养成期的平均值分别为1.98、0.72、0.64和1.10、0.68、0.74,总平均值分别为1.19和0.90;F2和F3世代的现实遗传力在幼虫期、稚贝期和幼贝期的平均值分别为0.43、0.16、0.14和0.41、0.26、0.28,总平均值分别为0.26和0.34;F2和F3世代的遗传获得在幼虫期、稚贝期和幼贝期的平均值分别为4.79％、17.81％、13.27％和5.60％、4.28％、16.30％,总平均值分别为10.78％和7.94％;F2和F3世代的总遗传获得在幼虫期、稚贝期和幼贝期的平均值分别为10.73％、15.56％、29.34％,总平均值为16.59％.研究表明,在高选择压力下进行两个世代蛤仔连续混合选择的方法获得的选育效果较为理想,且该群体仍具有一定的改良潜力.