高静压和热处理对蘑菇多酚氧化酶的钝化动力学分析

研究了高静压处理HHP(100～1 600 MPa,0.2～25 min)和热处理(55～80℃,0.2～20 min)对双孢蘑菇多酚氧化酶(polyphenoloxidase,简称PPO)的钝化效果,并分析了钝化动力学。随着处理压力、温度的升高和处理时间的延长,钝化效果增强。在600 MPa以下压力处理后,PPO活性残存率均大于88%,表明600 MPa以下处理压力对PPO的钝化效果较差。而800、1000、1200、1400和1600 MPa压力下处理25 min,PPO活性残存率分别下降到66.42%、52.83%、27.20%、2.20%和0.01%,表明800 MPa以上压力能有效钝化蘑菇PPO。应用一级动力学模型拟合热处理对PPO的钝化动力学,各温度条件下拟合的决定系数R2都在0.960以上,表明PPO的热钝化符合一级动力学模型;应用两段式模型对HHP钝化蘑菇PPO的动力学进行拟合,决定系数R2均大于0.982,HHP钝化蘑菇PPO符合两段式钝化动力学。     

输油管道集成自力式压力调节站

输油管道的大落差段有特殊的水力状态,设置压力调节站是适应这种水力状态而广泛采用的技术。介绍了一种自行研制的集成自力式压力调节站。该站由导阀控制,具有压力自动调节、超流自动截断并禁开、温升胀油自动泄压、压力自动开启等多种功能,并且体积小,重量轻,适于在口径较小的管道上应用。着重介绍了其构造、功能、工作原理和实地测试情况。     

隔膜计量泵的改良设计与汽蚀性能的提高

针对应用于石油化工装置上的进口隔膜计量泵容易产生的汽蚀问题，对隔膜泵复合隔膜、柱塞密封副、液压平衡与补偿阀结构进行了改良设计，采用较大承载能力的机座、独特阶梯式活塞、加大直径的活塞、PTFE＋NBR复合隔膜，改良放气安全阀及油浸没式补偿系统等方法，提高了隔膜计量泵的汽蚀性能；通过对改造的隔膜计量泵与原有的计量泵进行的汽蚀试验对比，给出了隔膜计量泵性能与现场使用的最佳匹配工况。改良的结构设计和新型材料的选用大大提高了计量泵的汽蚀性能。     

气候对巢湖东半湖水体环境变化的驱动效应

分析了小尺度气候变化对巢湖水体环境的影响,并揭示了水体营养生态对气候变化的响应机制。结果表明,年降雨量、年均温度、年日照时数变化稳定,平均值分别为1 176.2 mm,15.96℃和1 906 h,而高温天数(>35℃)年际变化显著(4~32 d/a)。调查期间总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)变化动态为开口向下的"凸"型抛物线形式,而高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)和叶绿素a(Chla)总体呈现为"凹"型曲线,水体总体呈现为中度营养状态。CCA分析发现巢湖区域的年降雨量、年均温度、年高温天数(>35℃)、年日照时数与湖水中TN,TP,CODMn和Chla呈显著相关性。其中TN,TP,CODMn和年日照时数对水体营养状态影响显著,贡献率分别为69%,45%,36%和27%。因此,可推测日照时数年际变化是导致水质变化的重要因素之一,气候因子与TN和TP在一定条件下对水体富营养化形成具有协同效应。     

高拱坝水垫塘水动力特性研究

在模型试验的基础上,从水力学角度对高拱坝平底水垫塘及反拱水垫塘的水动力特性进行了分析评价。结果表明,无论是水体特性还是水动力特性,平底水垫塘都优于反拱水垫塘;在消能效果方面,平底水垫塘消能率与反拱水垫塘基本一致,二者的消能率均接近95%。     

不同通风工艺在浅圆仓中应用的研究

在对大豆进行冬季通风作业时,采用正压上行压入式、负压下行吸出式和先负压后正压三种作业方式分阶段进行通风,充分的利用自然冷源,达到降温目的,通过对比三种作业方式的降温效果、水分损耗、降温能耗、人工投入等,并根据粮情,找出最合适的通风方式。     

Transpalpebral ultrasonographic measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter in healthy dogs

Objective

To develop a reference range for ultrasonographically measured optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD‐US) in dogs. We hypothesized that ONSD‐US can be measured reliably and is associated with weight but not age, sex, or body condition score (BCS), and that the relationship between weight and ONSD‐US in dogs is allometric due to canine size variations.

Design

Prospective, observational study.

Setting

University teaching hospital.

Animals

Seventy‐eight healthy adult dogs.

Interventions

The ONSD was measured by a standardized transpalpebral approach.

Measurements and Main Results

Regression analysis showed the relationship between weight and ONSD was better fit with a linear model (R² = 0.8510) than an allometric model (R² = 0.7917). Multiple regression analysis showed ONSD is associated with weight (P < 0.0001), age (P = 0.0021), and BCS (P = 0.0007), but not with sex. Dominance analysis showed 94.6% of the variance explained by the model was due to weight. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis showed excellent interobserver (ICC = 0.9338–0.9608) and intraobserver (ICC = 0.9893) reliability.

Conclusions

These results suggest that ONSD‐US may be reliably measured in dogs using our described transpalpebral approach, and we have calculated prediction intervals based on body weight. Future studies are needed to determine if ONSD‐US measurements are associated with intracranial hypertension as shown in human medicine.     

轮缘间隙对轴流泵内部非定常流场的影响

为研究轴流泵轮缘间隙泄漏流的非定常特征及其对泵外特性的影响,采用基于S-A模型的DES方法和滑移网格技术,对轴流泵在设计流量下的内部湍流进行了数值计算,重点分析了4组轮缘间隙下泵内非定常流场特性及压力脉动特性.在设计轮缘间隙下,计算所得泵扬程和效率与试验数据吻合良好,最大相对误差分别为2.0%和3.0%.计算结果表明:随轮缘间隙增大,水泵扬程和效率均呈下降趋势;轮缘泄漏涡强度和影响范围随轮缘间隙增大而增大,当轮缘间隙为3.3‰D₂时,轮缘泄漏涡扩散至相邻叶片出口边;不同轮缘间隙下,叶轮区压力脉动频率均以叶频为主;靠近叶片进口的叶轮室内壁压力脉动幅值随轮缘间隙的增大呈减小趋势,叶轮室中部压力脉动随轮缘间隙增大而增大;叶轮出口断面的压力脉动频域特性在不同轮缘间隙下均以1倍叶频为主,脉动幅值随轮缘间隙增大而减小.     

基于竞争势的林分生长量分配模型研究

以湖南省攸县黄丰桥林场杉木林分2008年至2011年每木检尺调查结果为数据源,开展对开阔比数模型fo,简单竞争因子模型fH和竞争压力指数模型fCSI的研究,提出一个新的林木综合竞争因子即竞争势模型fC=1/(fo+fH+fCSI),计算结果经过残差分析方法剔除异常,以竞争势为依据将林分总体生长量分配到林木个体,构建林分生长量分配模型.为了验证模型的准确性,对比分别以fC、fH、fCSI三个模型为依据的林分生长量分配结果,计算通过模型分配到个体的生长量与个体实际生长量之间的相关指数分别为0.6,0.44,0.29.分析结果表明竞争势模型可以作为林分生长可视化模拟中林分生长量向个体分配的一个依据,为林分生长可视化模拟提供有效支持.     

Chemerin fragments show different effects on systemic blood pressure dependent on carboxyl-terminal cleavage site

Chemerin is an adipocytokine whose concentration in blood correlates positively with blood pressure (BP). We have recently revealed that acute intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of chemerin-9, an active fragment of human chemerin, increased systemic BP in normal Wistar rats, suggesting that chemerin is involved in the central nervous control of peripheral BP. After secreted as an inactive form as prochemerin, a mature form of active chemerin is produced through the cleavage of its carboxyl (C)-terminus by proteases. Although the activity of cleaved products of chemerin has been examined in vitro, in vivo effects remained to be elusive. In order to explore them, we performed acute i.c.v. injection of mouse chemerin-9 (mChemerin-9; 148F-156S), mouse chemerin-8 (mChemerin-8; 148F-155F), and mouse chemerin-7 (mChemerin-7; 148F-154A) into Wistar rats, and examined the effects on systemic BP. After chemerin fragment (1–30 nmol/head, i.c.v.) was cumulatively administered, systemic BP was measured by a cannulation method under an isoflurane anesthesia. mChemerin-9 but not mChemerin-8 and -7 induced a pressor response, which was concentration-dependent. In conclusion, we for the first time demonstrated that mChemerin-9 that corresponds to the C-terminal nine amino acids of active mouse chemerin156S increased systemic BP in rats, and also that chemerin fragments showed different effects on systemic BP dependent on how their C-terminus was cleaved.