平面曲柄摇杆机构按最小传动角最大和尺寸最小的优化设计

 讨论了在不给定行程速比系数的情况下,通过调节各构件的长度来满足既要求最小传动角最大,同时又要求尺寸最小的平面曲柄摇杆机构的多维双目标优化设计。     

枯草芽孢杆菌防治植物真菌病害研究进展

介绍了枯草芽孢杆菌防治植物真菌病害的研究进展,阐述了枯草芽孢杆菌生防机制、育种及发酵培养研究概况。讨论了目前枯草芽孢杆菌在生防研究中存在的问题及发展前景。     

油松球果害虫的危害机理研究

对油松球果生命表的研究表明 ,油松球果小卷蛾和松果梢斑螟是两种主要的油松球果害虫 ,其发生危害主要集中在 5 ,6两月。根据油松生殖生长的特点 ,对两种球果害虫随树龄变化规律的研究结果表明 ,随着树龄的增加 ,油松结实量增加 ,雄花序增多 ,但由于松果梢斑螟的发生和危害与雄花序的多少直接相关 ,松果梢斑螟的虫量增大 ,危害加重 ;在同一林龄中 ,有少雄、中雄和多雄树之别 ,松果梢斑螟的虫量随之变化 ;每果内松果梢斑螟的幼虫数随树龄和雄梢率的增加而增加 ,而每果内油松球果小卷蛾的幼虫数随树龄的增加而减少     

山区乡村森林资源利用方式创新效应及机理分析

在乡村森林资源利用中，正确处理好保护森林资源与获得经济效益之间的关系是一大难题。森林资源利用方式的创新是解决这一问题的有效途径。临安市白沙村以非木质资源和生态旅游为主进行森林资源利用方式创新的实践，使乡村经济收入得到大幅度提高，产业结构得到优化，森林资源和生态环境得到有效保护。这种创新的关键在于对森林资源实行了辨证利用，在经营中以原有的森林副产品作为主产品加以利用，缩短了森林经营利用周期，能够采取有效的措施保护森林资源及其生态环境，并有效地解决了森林经营的外部性问题，从而达到了森林资源生态、经济和社会三大效益之间的协调发展。表3参7     

涌泉根灌多点源交汇入渗湿润体试验研究

在米脂山地微灌枣树示范基地进行原状土涌泉根灌入渗试验,研究了多点源交汇入渗条件下涌泉根灌湿润体特征值的变化规律.结果表明,涌泉根灌多点源交汇入渗孔洞处和交汇面处的湿润锋运移距离与入渗时间均符合幂函数关系,交汇面处的湿润锋运移速度比孔洞处的快,最终交汇入渗湿润土体沿孔洞布置方向的剖面形状近似带状;在孔洞底部周围的中间区域...     

Hydro-physical responses of gypseous and non-gypseous soils to livestock grazing in a semi-arid region of NE Spain

Pasture productivity depends on soil hydro-physical properties, which in turn are deeply affected by livestock grazing. However, the comparative response of different soil types, and particularly gypseous soil types, to grazing has hardly been studied before. This paper compares the effect of grazing on the soil hydro-physical properties of silty gypseous (Gy) and non-gypseous (NGy) soils located in a semi-arid region (Middle Ebro Valley, NE, Spain). Two different soil managements were selected: ungrazed natural shrubland (N) and grazed shrubland (GR) soils. The gypsum, CaCO₃ and organic matter content (OM), soil texture, soil bulk density (ρ_b), penetration resistance (PR), saturated sorptivity (S), hydraulic conductivity (K), and the water retention curve (WRC) for undisturbed soil samples from 1 to 10 cm depth soil layer were measured. The ρ_b and PR in NGy soils were significantly higher than those observed in the Gy ones. Soil compaction due to grazing treatment tended to increase ρ_b and decrease the K and S values. While no differences in PR were observed in the Gy soils between grazing treatments, the PR measured in the NGy soils under GR was significantly higher than the corresponding values observed under N. Differences in K and S between GR and N treatments were only significant (p < 0.05) in NGy soils, where K and S values under the N treatment were almost four times greater than the corresponding values measured under GR. Overall, no differences in the WRCs were observed between soil types and grazing treatments. While the WRCs of NGy soils were not significantly affected by the grazing treatment, Gy soils under N treatment present a significantly higher level of soil macropores than under GR treatment. The hydro-physical features of Gy soils tended to be less affected by grazing than those of the NGy soils. These results suggest that livestock grazing, in both Gy and NGy soils, has a negative effect on the physical soil properties, which should be taken into account by land managers of these semi-arid regions where silty gypseous and non-gypseous areas coexist.     

水果采摘机器人通用夹持机构设计

为提高采摘机器人的实用性和利用率,提出了一种通用型夹持机构,并构建了虚拟样机。为使机械夹持不损伤水果,研究了水果受力对夹持构型的影响,以柑橘为例进行变形、应力分析,为机构提出设计依据,进而对结构进行优化,确定了机构外壳及杆件的合理参数和对果实损伤最小的夹持量,单类型水果夹持量为直径方向小于2mm。     

新型水稻种绳捻制机捻绳机构的设计

水稻种绳捻制机就是在工厂内将水稻种子以精确的穴距和每穴粒数卷在20mm宽的纸带内并捻制成种绳,供大田播放。在前期研究的基础上,将捻制机的捻绳机构与卷绳机构分成独立工作的两部分,设计出一种新型的水稻种绳捻绳机构。该机构可提高机器的工作效率,保证种绳的捻劲个数,增强种绳的抗拉强度,降低种绳的漏种率,为制造出高质量的种绳奠定了基础。     

T-2毒素研究进展

T-2毒素是污染我国饲料的主要霉菌毒素,主要危害动物的造血组织和免疫器官,引起出血性综合征,出现白细胞减少、贫血,使胃肠道功能受损等,对畜禽健康和畜牧业生产的危害很大.本文主要从T-2毒素的一般性质、产毒菌株、毒性效应、毒性机制及预防控制等方面作了论述.     

草原生态补偿机制核心问题探析——以内蒙古锡林郭勒盟草原生态补偿为例

主体与客体、政府与市场、赔偿与补贴、补偿标准、补偿途径和产业结构是生态补偿机制的主要范畴.一方面,生态补偿的作用和目的需要通过这些范畴得以展开和实践;另一方面,对这些范畴的探讨和理论研究反过来能够指导生态补偿实践活动.生态补偿的主要范畴不仅是生态补偿理论研讨中的重点和热点问题,更是生态补偿实践中决定政策措施顺利、有效实施的关键环节;针对生态补偿核心范畴的深入探讨,对于建立和完善生态补偿理论体系、有效指导生态补偿的政策与实践、最终有效缓解和解决生态环境的持续恶化具有重大的意义和价值.