土壤中苯系物在表面活性剂溶液中的解吸研究

选用阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基硫酸钠(LAS和SDS)，阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAB)和非离子表面活性剂(AEO-9和SA-20)对污染土壤进行解析试验。研究了用表面活性剂解吸土壤中的苯系物，从而为淋滤冲洗被石油污染的农田提供理论依据。试验表明，阴离子表面活性剂对苯系物的去除效率达95％，非离子表面活性剂对苯系物的去除率达85％，而阳离子表面活性剂无明显去除效果。     

苦皮藤内生真菌层出镰刀菌中杀菌成分的结构鉴定

采用红外、质谱、核磁共振氢谱和13C核磁共振谱技术,对苦皮藤韧皮中分离出的1L内生真菌代谢物1L-3,1L-6及1L-8进行了结构鉴定。结果表明,化合物1L-3为enniatinB,化合物1L-6为enniatinB1,化合物1L-8为enniatinA1。     

水和废水中苯胺快速监测技术研究

建立了利用紫外分光光度法测定水和废水中苯胺类化合物的一种新方法,研究结果表明,本方法比现行方法快速、准确、灵敏、简便易行。解决了目前测定水中苯胺类化合物所用试剂毒性大、操作繁琐、测定时间长等难题。     

AM真菌对植物挥发性物质影响的研究现状与展望

植物挥发性物质在植物与植物及植物与昆虫之间的化学通讯中起着重要作用。由丛枝菌根（arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM）真菌与维管束植物形成的共生体,是自然界中最为广泛的植物-微生物共生体。AM真菌不仅可影响植物养分吸收、生长,调节植物抗逆相关酶和信号物质,同时可通过菌丝桥在不同植物间进行养分、信息交换,促进植物挥发性物质的转化和排放,影响植物对病、虫等生物逆境的响应。本文基于CNKI和Web of Science两个数据库,查阅了1981年1月至2019年12月来AM真菌对植物挥发性有机化合物（biogenic volatile organic compounds,BVOCs）、氧化亚氮（N₂O）、二氧化碳（CO₂）、甲烷（CH₄）等4类挥发性物质影响的研究进展,归纳分析了AM真菌对植物挥发性物质的影响及机理,并对该领域的研究进行了展望。     

Fungistasis and general soil biostasis - A new synthesis

In most soils, fungal propagules are restricted to a certain extent in their ability to grow or germinate. This phenomenon, known as soil fungistasis, has received considerable attention for more than five decades, mostly due to its association with the general suppression of soil-borne fungal diseases. Here, we review major breakthroughs in understanding the mechanisms of fungistasis. Integration of older fungistasis research and more recent findings from different biological and chemical disciplines has lead to the consensus opinion that fungistasis is most likely caused by a combination of microbial activities, namely withdrawal of nutrients from fungal propagules and production of fungistatic compounds. In addition, recent findings indicate that there are mechanistic links between these activities leading towards an integrated theory of fungistasis. Among the potentially fungistatic compounds volatiles have received particular attention. Whereas it has long been assumed that fungistasis is the result of the metabolic activity of the total soil microbial biomass, more recent research points at the importance of activities of specific components of the microbial community. These insights into fungistasis have also formed the basis for strategies to increase general soil suppression. Besides these basic and practical aspects of fungistasis, its impact on fungal ecology, in particular on fungal exploration strategies, is discussed. Finally, we take a closer look at plant-soil feedback experiments to demonstrate the occurrence of fungistasis-like phenomena and to suggest that fungistasis may be part of a much wider phenomenon: general soil biostasis.     

重庆市三峡库区柑橘渣的营养物质和苦味物质研究

本文对重庆市三峡库区柑橘渣的营养物质和苦味物质含量进行了系统检测。结果表明,重庆市三峡库区的柑橘渣无氮浸出物、消化能和钙含量较高,氨基酸组成全面,但粗蛋白质和总磷含量低,水分、粗纤维和苦味物质含量高,作为潜在的饲料资源,经过适当处理可以大量开发作畜禽饲料。     

育苗移栽对麦套棉~（14）CO_2同化量及运转分配的影响

运用１４Ｃ示综技术，研究了营养钵育苗移栽对麦套棉１４Ｃ同化物生产、运转分配及其再分配的影响。试验结果表明，营养钵育苗移栽不仅使棉株在苗期、蕾期、花铃期的１４Ｃ同化量显著提高，而且对各期同化产物向子棉的再动员具有明显的促进作用。各期标记后３天的测定结果显示，育苗移栽增加棉苗同化物质向根系和茎中的分配，而减少向顶芽的分配，这有利于促根壮苗；蕾期同化物质向顶芽和边心的分配比例下降，这有利于控制棉花的营养生长，防止或减轻茎枝旺长，实现健壮稳长，促进花芽分化；育苗移栽在花铃期的效果表现为，促使更高比例的同化物质向生殖器官（特别是成铃）中分配，因而有利于蕾铃发育。上述影响的综合在现是单位面积上的铃数、单铃重、衣分和皮棉产量显著提高。     

农药助壮素电极的研制

研制成以四间甲苯硼酸钾为活性载体的农药助壮素选择性电极。该电极在ｐＨ４．５￣９．５的１０＾－２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ氯化锂水溶液中，测定助壮素的线性响应范围为１．２×１０＾－２￣７．５×１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，斜率为５４．０，检测下限为１．４×１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。电极性能良好，适用于助壮素的快速分析。     

4-氨基安替比林分光光度法测定土壤中的挥发酚

该文主要研究了4-氨基安替比林分光光度法测定土壤中的挥发酚的方法,并对该方法的检出限、精密度、加标回收率、线性进行了验证。结果表明,该方法的线性相关可达到0.999以上,精密度在7%以内,检出限为0.011mg/kg,加标回收率在89%～105%。     

Analysis of Noxious Gas Pollution in Horse Stable Air

The aim of this study was to determine quantitative and qualitative occurrence of noxious gas compounds in the stable, depending on the time of the day (4:00 AM, 12:00, 8:00 PM), the height (20 cm, 150 cm), and the place (boxes, aisle) from which the samples were collected. Seven compounds were analyzed (NH₃, SO₂, COS, HCN, CH₄, NO₂, and CO). For analyzing stable air, a mobile gas analyzer was used. The time of day was a significant differential factor (P < .01) for concentrations of NH₃, COS, and CH₄. The highest concentrations of CH₄, COS, NO₂, NH_3, and CO appeared at 4:00. For the rest of the studied compounds (SO₂, HCN, CO) differences were not statistically significant, but there was a tendency for the highest concentrations at 12:00. The concentrations of gas compounds depending on height did not differ significantly from each other, but there was a tendency for higher concentrations of NH₃, SO₂, CH₄, and CO at 150 cm and for HCN at 20 cm. COS and NO₂ remained constant at both heights in boxes. The places where the samples were collected was a significant differential factor (P < .01) for NH₃ and SO₂. For the rest of the studied compounds the differences were not statistically significant. It can be concluded that many noxious compounds may appear without being noticed, and that is why it is necessary to provide stables with efficient air exchange throughout the day.