Physiological,nutritional and growth responses of melon (Cucumis melo L.) to a gradual salinity built-up in recirculating nutrient solution

Minimizing salinity impacts on yield in melon crops cultivated in closed-loop hydroponic systems requires better understanding of the physiological impact of gradual salt accumulation in the recycled solution. To attain this objective, different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations in the irrigation water, i.e. 0.7, 2.5, and 5 mM, were applied in two cropping seasons (winter-spring;WS and spring-summer;SS). In both seasons plant biomass and yield were negatively affected only in high NaCl-treated plants, due to stomatal limitations, which restricted carbon dioxide (CO₂) diffusion into the leaf, osmotic and salt-specific effects. However, a progressive NaCl built-up to maximum concentrations in the root zone solution of 15 (WS) and 20 mM (SS), enabled plants to preserve several physiological mechanisms, thereby adjusting growth and yield without impairing fruit quality. Our results suggest that the use of irrigation water, containing up to 2.5 mM NaCl, is feasible in melon crops grown in closed-loop hydroponic systems, without yield and quality losses.     

水培广东万年青光合日变化研究

用LiCOR6400便携式光合作用测定系统对土培与水培广东万年青的光合特性进行了研究。结果表明:广东万年青叶片光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线,最高峰出现在10:00,次高峰出现在14:00,午间有明显的“午休”现象。中午光照强度大,叶片与空气之间的水汽压差达到最大值,相对湿度、气孔导度达到最小值,诱导叶片光合午休。用生根剂与NAA浸泡后进行水插优于直接水插的。     

多功能水耕栽培装置营养液自控系统的研制及应用效果(简报)

多功能水耕栽培系统由栽培床、封闭式循环供液系统、液温调控、增氧设施以及营养液自动检测与控制系统组成。经过半年运行试验结果表明:该系统可提高水耕栽培床的封闭性能,实现了对溶解氧的自动检测与控制和营养液数据的自动采集和自动控制功能。该系统解决了传统开放式水耕栽培装置营养液利用率低、控制水平差、污染严重、水资源浪费大等缺点,可有效提高产品的产量和品质。     

Ca(NO3)2胁迫对嫁接番茄生长、抗氧化酶活性和活性氧代谢的影响

以“影武者”为砧木,“宝大903”为接穗,在营养液栽培条件下,对80 mmol/L Ca(NO3)2胁迫下番茄嫁接苗和自根苗的生长、叶片抗氧化酶活性、活性氧代谢以及渗透调节物质含量进行了比较。结果表明,Ca(NO3)2胁迫明显抑制植株生长,显著提高植株抗氧化酶活性,显著增加植株O2.-生成速率以及H2O2、MDA、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量,但胁迫后嫁接苗的生物量显著高于自根苗,抗氧化酶活性、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量均显著高于自根苗,而O2.-生成速率、H2O2和MDA含量则显著低于自根苗。以上结果表明,Ca(NO3)2胁迫下较高的抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量以及较低的氧化损伤与番茄嫁接苗耐盐性增强有关。     

外源氨基葡萄糖对水培玉米幼苗生长的影响

为了探讨外源氨基葡萄糖在作物生长发育中所起到的作用,本文以玉米幼苗为试验材料,采用无胁迫水培试验方法,研究了不同浓度的外源氨基葡萄糖对玉米幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量、根系、植株鲜重和根系鲜重各生长指标的影响。试验结果表明：与空白对照组(CK)相比,在0.1～5 mg/L的氨基葡萄糖浓度条件下玉米的株高、茎粗、植株鲜重和根系鲜重均有不同程度的增长,其中2 mg/L氨基葡萄糖浓度条件下玉米的茎粗、植株鲜重和根系鲜重分别较对照提高了11.30%、26.58%和19.32%。玉米总根长、根表面积、总分枝数等指标也均有显著增加,其中在2 mg/L浓度条件下增加最大;同时,氨基葡萄糖对玉米幼苗的叶绿素含量也有提高,随着使用浓度的增加玉米幼苗叶绿素的含量呈增加趋势。综合各因素可以看出,在无胁迫条件下,不同浓度的外源氨基葡萄糖均可以促进玉米幼苗各指标的生长发育,其中在本实验条件下氨基葡萄糖的浓度在2 mg/L左右时促进玉米各指标发育的效果最佳。氨基葡萄糖是一种新型的天然增效物质,值得更加深入的研究。     

水培小白菜育苗基质的筛选研究

对水培小白菜的5种育苗基质,即岩棉、花泥、蛭石、珍珠岩、复合基质(蛭石∶珍珠岩=2∶1)的育苗效果进行了研究。结果表明:5个处理的出苗率都较高,但是花泥和岩棉出苗速度较慢;从小白菜苗期不同阶段的形态指标和壮苗指数来看,选用蛭石进行育苗效果最佳,复合基质(蛭石∶珍珠岩=2∶1)次之,花泥的育苗效果与珍珠岩接近,岩棉的育苗效果最差;从小白菜苗期不同阶段的生理指标来看,在子叶展平14 d时,花泥基质苗的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和可溶性糖含量最高,子叶展平后28 d时,蛭石基质苗的生理指标最高,与复合基质和花泥基质差异不显著,岩棉基质苗的各项生理指标均最低。综合来看,在该试验中,花泥为水培小白菜的最适育苗基质。     

A method for estimating K+ and NO−3 uptake rate in hydroponics by a four-electrode conductivity sensor

A four-electrode conductivity sensor and associated electronics were designed and applied to the continuous monitoring of conductivity and the rate of K⁺ and NO^?₃ uptake in a hydroponic system. The new device was successfully used to monitor continuously the depletion rate of K⁺ and NO^?₃ in a hydroponic solution in which tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum cultivar ‘Naama’) were cultivated. A model is proposed for estimating the rate of K⁺ and NO^?₃ uptake by the plant, and their total concentration, from conductivity measurements. Experimental results verify the proposed mathematical criterion for choosing the initial concentrations of K⁺ and NO^?₃, and validate the underlying assumption of the proposed model.     

玉米苗期生长发育对钾浓度的响应

为探讨钾用量和留苗株数对玉米苗期生长发育相关指标的影响,在水培条件下,以‘粒收1号’为材料,设置不同钾浓度梯度(K₁：1.35 mmol/L、K₂：1.85 mmol/L、K₃：2.35 mmol/L、K₄：2.85 mmol/L)和不同留苗株数（D₁：4株/盆、D₂：8株/盆）,研究玉米苗期株高、茎粗、植株鲜重、根冠比、叶面积以及叶绿素含量对钾浓度和留苗株数的响应。结果表明：施用钾肥对玉米生长有促进作用,在D₁处理条件下,植株间竞争小,养分充足,玉米生长更旺盛,所测指标均显著高于D₂。随着钾浓度的增加,D₁处理条件下,株高、茎粗、叶面积和植株总鲜重均表现为K₄最大,K₁最小。D₂处理条件下,玉米的株高、总绿叶面积和SPAD值表现为K₂处理最大,均显著大于其他处理。茎粗、单株生物量、总绿叶面积和SPAD值呈先增加后降低的趋势,K₂、K₃、K₄处理间无显著性差异。分析2处理在不同浓度下的根冠比显示D₁处理在K₁浓度下根冠比较大,D₂处理在中高浓度下较大。     

Screening Wheat (Triticum spp.) Genotypes for Root Length under Contrasting Water Regimes: Potential Sources of Variability for Drought Resistance Breeding

Screening for root traits has been one of the most difficult areas to practise over large number of genotypes. Hydroponic systems enable easy access to roots while high‐molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) is used to induce water stress. A total of 838 genotypes were evaluated for root length in a hydroponic trial under PEG‐induced stress and non‐stress growing conditions. Augmented complete block design with seven blocks and six standard control varieties was used. Root length differences were highly significant (P < 0.01) under both stress and non‐stress growing conditions among genotypes. Osmotic stress has caused an average reduction of 54 % in root length. Among the genotypes, root length ranged from 1.4 to 13.3 cm under stress, and 4.4 to 23.3 cm under non‐stress conditions, respectively. The best control variety for drought resistance was significantly (P < 0.05) outperformed by four new entries namely Colotana 296‐52, Compare, Santa Elena and Tammarin Rock, while the shortest roots were measured on genotypes Aus 16356, Elia, Camm, Portugal 3, and Sentinel. Differences among ploidy levels, domesticated and wild forms were also significant (P < 0.05). Hexaploid wheat showed significantly longer roots in both growing conditions while wild tetraploids showed the shortest roots under stress. There was a change in the ranking of genotypes under the two water regimes, which indicates the difficulty of selecting drought resistant varieties under optimum environments.     

植物水培的风险原因探讨

植物水培过程中,容易出现生长不稳定,根系弯曲、褐变、腐烂等问题,影响植物生长发育,导致产量下降,现就植物水培过程中出现的问题进行分析,为植物水培生产提供参考。