家猪13/17罗伯逊易位染色体着丝粒DNA的FISH检测

根据已报道的家猪着丝粒卫星DNA序列设计引物,对家猪基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,得到AC2卫星DNA序列。用PCR法将D ig-dUTP插入目的片段中得到标记DNA,然后利用荧光原位杂交方法检测13/17易位染色体。研究结果显示杂交信号位于所有端着丝粒染色体和13/17易位染色体的着丝粒区域,表明13号染色体和17号染色体虽然融合为一条亚中着丝粒染色体,但仍含有端着丝粒AC2卫星DNA,13/17易位染色体的AC2卫星DNA未发生缺失。     

毛叶秋海棠的杂交遗传特性

 采用毛叶秋海棠与云南野生秋海棠, 以及国外毛叶秋海棠的园艺品种进行正反交试验, 观测各杂交F1 代群体叶片斑纹、茎的类型、植株抗寒能力等主要性状的表现及其遗传特性; 通过F1 代自交, 对F2 代群体叶片斑纹的观测统计, 研究银绿斑性状的分离规律。试验结果表明: 毛叶秋海棠银绿斑与无斑是一对相对性状, 银绿斑对无斑是显性, 无斑对银绿斑是隐性, 其遗传杂交符合孟德尔的分离规律; B . rex ×B . longialata F1 代植株银绿斑性状的持续表现受光照强度的影响较大, 生长2 年后需要增加约2000 lx 的光照才能保持原有的银绿斑色彩; 毛叶秋海棠根状茎性状的遗传特性极为稳定, 遗传保持率90 %; 杂交F1 代在抗寒性方面表现了明显的杂种优势。     

猕猴桃种间杂交的新种质

美味猕猴桃２６号（ＡｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａｄｅｌｉｃｉｏｓａＮｏ．２６）与软枣猕猴桃（Ａｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａａｒｇｕｔａ）种间杂交，多数杂种Ｆ１表现为中间类型偏父本，少数偏母本，由中间类型杂种雌株中选出果大、绿皮、无毛的株系。经染色体鉴定、过氧化物酶同功酶分析和杂种实生苗及其形态特征的观察，确认此种间杂种为猕猴桃属的新种质。     

Association of Helicobacter with cholangiohepatitis in cats

Infection with Helicobacter spp. is increasingly linked with hepatobiliary inflammation and neoplasia in people and in a variety of animals. We sought to determine if Helicobacter species infection is associated with cholangiohepatitis in cats. Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from tissue blocks from cats with cholangiohepatitis (32), noninflammatory liver disease (13), and cats with normal liver histology (4). Deoxyribonucleic acid was polymerase chain reaction-amplified with 2 sets of Helicobacter genus-specific primers, gel purified, and sequenced. Polymerase chain reaction-positive hepatic tissue was further examined with Steiner's stain, immunocytochemistry for Helicobacter species, and eubacterial fluorescent in situ hybridization. Gastric tissues of cats with known Helicobacter infection status served as controls for deoxyribonucleic acid extraction and sequence comparison. Helicobacter species were detected in 2/32 cats with cholangiohepatitis, and 1/17 controls. Sequences had 100% identity with Helicobacter species liver, Helicobacter pylori, and Helicobacter fenelliae/cinaedii in a cat with suppurative cholangitis, Helicobacter species liver, Helicobacter pylori, and Helicobacter nemistrineae in a cat with mild lymphocytic portal hepatitis, and Helicobacter bilis in a cat with portosystemic vascular anomaly. In contrast, sequences from gastric biopsies showed highest homology (99-100%) to "Helicobacter heilmannii," Helicobacter bizzozeronii, Helicobacter felis, and Helicobacter salomonis. Fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed a semicurved bacterium, with Helicobacter-like morphology, in an intrahepatic bile duct of the cat with suppurative cholangitis. This study has identified Helicobacter deoxyribonucleic acid in 2/32 cats with cholangiohepatitis and 1/13 cats with noninflammatory liver disease. Deoxyribonucleic acid sequences of hepatic Helicobacter species were distinct from those found in the stomach and are broadly consistent with those identified in cat intestine and bile, and hepatobiliary disease in people and rodents.     

萝卜与芥菜远缘杂交新品种的选育研究

以萝卜不育系为母本,雪里蕻、大头菜和多裂叶芥为父本,在温室通过蜜蜂进行远缘杂交,并获得杂交种。经过田间种植淘汰掉假杂种,获得一株叶形明显变异的品种,对其自交,其分离成7个类型品系。选取较稳定的"萝芥4号"品系观察了其生长形态、下扎趋势以及根系分布特性,分析了早期生长过程中品种间的相似性,同时针对"萝芥4号"及对照品种进行营养成分分析。采用"武A"雄性不育系与"萝芥4号"配制杂交组合,获得叶片性状遗传稳定、肉质根杂交优势明显的组合,该组合十分适合腌制加工。     

大豆有性杂交技术初探

有性杂交是大豆育种工作中不可缺少的一个重要环节,它具有目标性、方向性强的特点,也是我国育成品种最多的育种方法。经过多年的杂交研究工作,总结出一些实用的杂交方法,以供参考。     

水稻RNA原位杂交体系的优化

为了能准确、快捷地追踪目标基因在水稻中的表达,并提供在不同植物中基因表达的研究基础,优化了水稻RNA原位杂交体系。以卡诺固定液处理材料,原位杂交结果显示:细胞边界清楚,标本背景清晰,检测信号强。设置了0、15、25、35和45 min 5个消化时间梯度,消化时间是25 min的试验结果显示:杂交信号分布于整个受检表面,信号可检测性强,并在不同组织结构中信号强弱不同。以根尖为材料,杂交液A的检测信号符合分布规律,杂交液B验证反义探针检测信号较弱,杂交液C验证反义探针检测信号进一步减弱,并伴随着验证正义探针信号增强。以叶片为试验材料,杂交液A和B的原位杂交结果差异不大,而杂交液C验证反义探针信号减弱,验证正义探针信号增强。结论:水稻RNA原位杂交体系的固定液为卡诺固定液,最佳消化时间为25 min,杂交液为杂交液A。     

Genetic analyses of agronomic traits in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.)

The consumption of products made from Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) has increased in recent years in Japan. Increased consumer demand has led to recognition of the need for early varieties of this crop with high and stable yields. In order to accomplish this, more information is needed on the genetic mechanisms affecting earliness and yield. We conducted genetic analysis of 3 agronomic traits (days to flowering, plant height and total seed weight per plant) to segregate F₂ and F₃ populations derived from a cross between Tartary buckwheat cultivars ‘Hokuriku No. 4’ and ‘Ishisoba’. Broad-sense heritability estimates for days to flowering, plant height and total seed weight were 0.70, 0.62 and 0.75, respectively, in F₃ population. Narrow-sense heritability for total seed weight (0.51) was highest, followed by heritability for days to flowering (0.37), with heritability for plant height (0.26) lowest. Later flowering was associated with increased plant height and higher yields. From the F₄ generation, we identified twelve candidate plants with earlier maturity and reduced plant height compared to ‘Hokuriku No. 4’, but almost the same total seed weight. These results suggest that hybridization breeding using the single seed descent (SSD) method is an effective approach for improving agronomic characteristics of Tartary buckwheat.     

A/J小鼠感染猪链球菌2型后脾脏消减cDNA文库的构建及相关差异基因表达分析

为了分离与猪链球菌2型感染密切相关的基因,利用抑制性消减杂交(SSH)技术构建了8周龄A/J小鼠感染猪链球菌2型后的脾脏消减cDNA文库,并对其中169个阳性克隆进行测序,去除冗余的cDNA序列载体并聚类拼接后共获得110条差异表达序列标签(EST)。利用GenBank的BLAST软件分析比较核酸和蛋白质同源性,发现共有36个基因与这些EST具有高度的同源性,它们分别参与细胞成分、免疫、信号转导、凋亡、转录等重要功能。这些差异表达基因主要有ATP/GTP结合蛋白1(Agtpbp1)、天冬氨酸-谷氨酸-丙氨酸-天冬氨酸盒多肽5、核蛋白p68、ATP-依赖RNA解旋酶、真核生物转录因子2亚基(Eif2s2)、Na+/K+-ATP酶转运β3多肽、溶菌酶1、溶菌酶2等基因。结论:这些差异表达基因在猪链球菌2型感染过程中可能发挥重要功能。