元麦β-葡聚糖含量的差异性及其影响因素的研究进展

元麦膳食纤维含量丰富,β-葡聚糖含量高,保健功效强,是重要的功能性农产品。为了全面了解不同地区元麦β-葡聚糖含量的差异性及其影响因素,本研究对全国7个不同省份元麦棱型、粒色、β-葡聚糖含量进行了整理和归纳,分析了气候、遗传育种和栽培措施等方面对元麦β-葡聚糖含量的影响。针对有关元麦β-葡聚糖合成筛选的有效基因少,气候与栽培措施对元麦β-葡聚糖的影响较大等问题,提出如下解决建议：（1）通过全基因组关联分析定位筛选相关位点与候选基因,挖掘与利用和β-葡聚糖合成相关的关键或主导基因,为元麦营养育种提供分子基础。（2）实际生产中根据当地气候条件,选择高产高β-葡聚糖含量的加工用营养元麦品种,采用适宜的栽培措施,缓解不良生长环境的影响。元麦分子育种和适宜的栽培措施有助于提高元麦生长适应能力,稳定元麦β-葡聚糖的含量,保障高品质元麦原料,推动健康农业的发展。     

西藏青稞灌溉定额的空间分布规律

西藏地区灌溉定额等试验数据有限,因此,基于少量实测数据,计算分析作物净灌溉定额及其空间变化规律,扩展有限数据的使用范围具有十分重要的意义。基于拉萨站实测的青稞作物系数,采用FAO提出的作物系数修正方法,得到西藏4个农业分区中代表站的青稞作物系数值。基于青稞种植区共28个站点的气象资料及4个分区的青稞作物系数及土壤水分参数等资料,采用土壤水量平衡原理计算得到28个站的青稞灌溉定额长系列值。采用克里金插值法得到西藏青稞不同水文年型灌溉定额及其主要影响因子的等值线图,分析了青稞灌溉定额的空间变化规律及其与主要影响因子的关系。结果表明,从西北到东南,青稞灌溉定额呈现逐渐减小的变化趋势,其等值线总体呈带状分布特点,并且等值线与经线趋于平行。青稞灌溉定额随着降雨量增加而降低,随气温及ET0增加而增加。     

青稞类钙调素蛋白基因CML19的克隆、序列分析及原核表达

根据鉴定得到青稞类钙调素蛋白基因CML19的序列设计引物,以青稞叶片的cDNA为模板,扩增得到目的片段,对目的基因序列进行鉴定和分析,进一步构建该基因的原核表达载体pET28a-CML19,转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),利用IPTG诱导外源蛋白质表达并检测。结果表明,扩增得到CML19的CDS序列全长为447bp,编码的蛋白质含有148个氨基酸,分子质量为16.46ku,理论等电点(pI)为4.40,总平均亲水性(GRAVY)为-0.176,不稳定系数为49.59,存在典型的EF手结构域;系统进化分析表明,青稞CML19与山羊草具有较近的亲缘关系;原核表达蛋白结果显示,重组蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在于沉淀中。初步阐明青稞CML19基因的序列特征,为进一步制备抗体、探讨CML19基因的功能奠定基础。     

抗真菌转基因大豆对大豆疫霉根腐病抗病性鉴定

采用下胚轴伤口接种法,对Southern杂交阳性的转菜豆几丁质酶基因和大麦核糖体失活蛋白基因的双价转基因大豆T2代的5个株系,进行了大豆疫霉根腐病抗病性检测,并通过比较接种后转基因大豆与对照组的死亡率来探讨两者的抗病性差异。结果表明,有4个转基因株系对大豆疫霉根腐病的抗性与非转基因对照组相比有明显提高,另外1个株系与对照组相比没有明显差异。     

Critical period for grain number establishment of near isogenic lines of two- and six-rowed barley

In barley no studies have attempted to pinpoint the critical period for grain number determination, and it is frequently stated that the critical period is similar to that of wheat. However, there are important differences between the species and among barley genotypes (i.e. two- and six-rowed types) suggesting that this assumption requires testing. The objectives of this paper were (i) to determine the critical period for grain number determination in two- and six-rowed barleys, and (ii) to identify which yield components were more sensitive to changes in incident radiation during that period.

Two field experiments were conducted using two pairs of near isogenic lines differing only in the spike type. Shading was imposed at different periods throughout the crop cycle (from 60 days before heading to 15 days after) to reduce incident solar radiation approximately 70%.

The critical period for grain number determination tended to be slightly earlier in two- (ca. between 40 and 10 days before heading) than in six-rowed barleys (ca. between 30 days before heading until that stage). In terms of the external phenology, the beginning of the critical period for setting grains was 10 days after the beginning of stem elongation, and 10 days before flag leaf appearance in two- and six-rowed lines, respectively. Changes in the number of grains per unit area were correlated with crop growth rate during the critical period for yield determination.     

施钾对河西绿洲灌区啤酒大麦产量和品质的影响

为给优质啤酒大麦生产中合理施用钾肥提供依据,研究了施钾对河西绿洲灌区啤酒大麦产量和品质的影响,并对其经济效益进行了分析。结果表明,在固定氮磷和平衡微量元素的情况下,施用一定量的钾肥能显著提高该地区啤酒大麦的产量和经济效益,当施K2O 150 kg/ha时,啤酒大麦的产量和纯收入最高,分别为6 067 kg/ha和5 796元/ha,较对照增产24.1%,增收1 271元/ha。一定量的钾肥能显著提高啤酒大麦的粗蛋白含量,但对千粒重的提高不显著。     

中国近缘野生大麦种质资源的收集与性状鉴定

本文报道了我国现有近缘野生大麦种质资源2650份。通过农艺性状、品质、抗逆和抗病鉴定，已筛选出一批优异种质资源。     

西藏野生瓶形大麦79个新变种的发现

本文报道了西藏野生瓶形大麦新变种79个，描述了其形态特征和分布，分析了变种特点。这对大麦分类和起源演化、资源保护和利用、遗传与育种工程等研究都具有重要意义。     

Effects of Cultivar and Environment on β-(1,3)-(1,4)-D-glucan Content and Acid Extract Viscosity of Spanish Barleys

The acid extract viscosities and β-glucan contents of ten two- and six-rowed barley cultivars grown at seven locations in three consecutive years in Spain were studied in the present work. The viscosities varied from 2·4 to 24·8 centistokes (cSt) and the mean value was 6·4 cSt. The average β-glucan content of barleys determined by HPLC was 3·5% with a range of 1·9–5·5%. Significant differences were found in both β-glucan content and acid extract viscosity between different cultivars, locations and years. The β-glucan contents and viscosities of winter cultivars were higher than those of spring. Cvs. Barbarrosa and Hatif de Grignon were the genotypes with the highest values for both parameters, while cv. Beka had the lowest viscosity and β-glucan content. Environmental factors influenced both parameters. The acid extract viscosities of barleys were correlated negatively with the amount of precipitation (r=−0·754;P<0·05). Barleys grown in wet and rainy areas (Girona and La Coruña) had lower viscosity values.     

灰色关联度分析和DTOPSIS法对大麦新品系评价效果比较

利用灰色关联度分析和DTOPSIS法,对大麦的主要性状与产量进行了分析评价。结果表明两种分析方法的评价结果基本相同,灰色关联度方法品种间差异不大,DTOPSIS法中Ci值差异十分明显,能更好的评价品系的优劣。研究认为,灰色关联度分析与DTOPSIS法结合能全面、客观地评判品系。。