辣椒病毒病发生及防治药剂筛选

近年来,随着辣椒种植面积的扩大,辣椒病毒病的为害逐年加重.重庆石柱县辣椒病毒病的田间调查显示:该县辣椒病毒病发生较普遍,以花叶和矮缩畸形混合发生为主,而坏死只有零星发生.田间药效试验结果表明:几种常见药剂对辣椒病毒病均有一定的防治效果,以植病灵效果最好.     

Laboratory and field comparisons of insecticides to reduce infestation of Drosophila suzukii in berry crops

BACKGROUND: The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive pest of small‐fruit crops. Unlike most other Drosophila, this insect is able to oviposit into and damage ripe and ripening fruit, making it unmarketable. Because this is a new pest in the United States, it is necessary to identify registered insecticides to manage this insect effectively in conventional and organic production systems. RESULTS: The present laboratory bioassays and field trials identified a number of insecticides representing various modes of action that are effective in controlling D. suzukii. Products that performed well in the laboratory bioassay also performed well in the field, indicating that screening of new chemistries in the laboratory is a worthy exercise. Field application of pyrethoids, organophosphates or spinosyns provided 5–14 days of residual control of D. suzukii. The efficacy of the neonicotinoids as adulticides was not satisfactory compared with the other contact‐mode‐of‐action chemistries. Based on the zero tolerance by the small‐fruit industry and the individual effects mentioned above, neonicotinoids are not currently recommended for D. suzukii management. CONCLUSIONS: There are effective insecticides registered for controlling D. suzukii infestations in susceptible small‐fruit crops. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Spray drift as influenced by meteorological and technical factors

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to investigate spray drift from a conventional field sprayer as influenced by meteorological and technical factors, and to provide spray operators with data on which to base sound judgements when applying pesticides. The study was conducted in grazing fields and cereal crops. RESULTS: Interpreting the results from 15 field trials under varying meteorological conditions using different boom heights and driving speeds indicates that, during normal spraying conditions, the most decisive factors influencing the total spray drift (TSD) will be boom height and wind speed, followed by air temperature, driving speed and vapour pressure deficit. One important finding was that TSD (within the encompassed range of meteorological conditions and a boom height of 0.4 m) could be expressed as a simple function of the fraction of droplets ≤ 100 µm. In cereal crops: TSD = 0.36 + 0.11× [fr. (d ≤ 100 µm)] and in grazing fields, TSD = 1.02 + 0.10× [fr. (d ≤ 100 µm)]. In most cases a fraction of the airborne drift passed over the 6 m sampling mast located 5 m downwind of the spray swath. CONCLUSIONS: Under specified conditions, the present results indicate a simple relation between the total spray drift and volume fractions of droplets ≤ 100 µm. Given the nozzle type, it was concluded that the most decisive factors determining TSD are wind speed and boom height. Evaluating the relative importance of the meteorological and technical factors contributes to increasing knowledge in this field of research. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

光场纯迭加态的振辐立方压缩

研究不同光场的压缩效应,有助于人们深入认识光的本质。从振辐立方压缩的角度研究一般光场纯迭加态,并讨论获得最佳压缩的条件。结果表明,存在振辐立方压缩的纯迭加态的m数是有限的,其压缩情况必然随m、|α~2|与φ的不同而变化。     

水稻粒穗分离力的研究

为揭示当前条件下水稻粒穗分离力的现状，用传感器计算机数据采集与分析系统，对南方常见的几种水稻品种的粒穗分离力进行了测试．结果表明，不同收获时期粒穗分离力各品种间有明显差异．不同品种的稻谷含水量不同，粒穗分离力亦不同，脱粒的难易程度也会发生变化．含水量越高越容易脱粒，但有些品种含水量达到一定值后粒穗分离力会变大．成熟度是影响粒穗分离力的重要因素，成熟度高，粒穗分离力小．     

培两优组合制种的气象问题研究

对两系育培矮６４Ｓ及其组合在湖南省制种中的几个关键气象问题进行了试验研究．结果表明：培矮６４Ｓ的育性转换温度为２３．５℃，在郴州仅３６年一遇，适宜广大湘中以南低海拔区制种，对湘北湘西则不大适宜；培两优组合制种适宜扬花的气象条件为：温度２９．１～３３．０℃，湿度７１％～９０％；当培矮６４Ｓ育性敏感期内未出现连续３ｄ平均在２４．０℃以下的天气时制种纯度可达９９．５％以上；最适花期为８月下旬．     

高原地区冷浸田治理技术研究*

 冷浸田是中国南方低产田中的一个主要类型，地形和水文条件是引起田块冷浸的主要原因，长期受冷水浸渍，终年水土低温或兼有土层稀烂。以陇川县南宛河右岸土地开发整理项目为例，介绍土工织物加筋土技术在冷浸田治理中的应用，为其它地区冷浸田的治理提供了较好的参考。     

论坡耕地不同治理措施的保土增产效益

本文通过试验实测结果, 论述了东北长白山区黑土地带的水土流失规律。同时对国家商品粮基地的低山丘陵区坡耕地, 在采取不同治理措施后, 保持水土的效果和增产效益进行了分析, 以及对如何改造中低产田, 增强山区农业发展后劲, 提出了有效的防治措施。此试验成果有普遍推广应用的价值, 并对实现农业发展新突破, 具有重要的战略意义。     

黄土高原地区草场效益多目标评价

本文从整个黄土高原地区草场的现状与发展战略的角度,运用多目标优化方法,对黄土高原11类草场资源进行综合评价,为合理有效地利用天然草场,发展畜牧业提供科学依据。