基于OFDM-MIMO移动通信模型的采摘机器人设计

为了提高果树采摘机器人的智能化和自动化水平,提高机器人的实时通信和在线控制能力,实现机器人作业过程的远程控制,在采摘机器人通信系统中引入了OFDM-MIMO模型,并将移动4G技术应用到了机器人的设计中,突破了机器人控制距离限制,实现了机器人的跨区域无线通信。机器人采用视觉传感器和4G网络采集并传输图像,图像数据可以在远程浏览器端实时显示,便于掌握机器人作业信息。当机器人碰撞传感器发出信号时,可以利用OFDM-MIMO信道模型进行图像的高效传输,并将视觉传感器采集的图像信息传送给远程控制端,在采摘出现失误时可以及时地调整机器人的状态,实现果实采摘的在线控制。同时,设计了机器人的实验样机,并对机器人的果实定位能力和通信能力进行了实验和仿真。实验和仿真结果表明:该种机器人可以有效地识别普通果实和套袋果实,并且通信实验测试和仿真测试的结果吻合,从而验证了结果的可靠性及OFDMMIMO模型在采摘机器人通信系统中的可行性。     

覆膜与水分控制对宁夏设施滴灌番茄产量与品质的影响

【目的】探索宁夏设施滴灌番茄覆膜的效果和适宜的灌溉制度,为宁夏地区设施滴灌番茄节水高产种植提供理论依据。【方法】通过2 a试验,在覆膜(M)与不覆膜(NM)条件下,设定4种水分控制水平,灌水频率为7~10 d,W1、W2和W3处理的灌水上限分别为100%FC(田间持水率)、80%FC和70%FC,以当地灌水量为对照(CK,灌水上限为123%FC),研究了覆膜和水分控制对设施滴灌番茄生长、产量、品质与水分生产效率的影响。【结果】番茄株高和茎粗在苗期―开花坐果期生长迅速,受覆膜处理影响显著(P<0.01),受水分控制影响不显著(P>0.05)。随着灌水量的增加,番茄产量先增加后降低,W2M处理的产量和水分生产效率均为最大值,分别为89844.88 kg/hm2和502.5 kg/(hm²·mm),相比覆膜CK分别增加21.4%和63.7%。相比于不覆膜处理,覆膜番茄产量平均增加18.1%,差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),其还原性维生素C和可溶性固形物量分别提高28.9%和22.8%(P<0.05)。覆膜和水分控制均对番茄还原性维生素C量、可溶性固形物和可溶性总糖量的影响达到显著水平(P<0.01),覆膜处理还对可滴定酸量和糖酸比的影响达到显著水平(P<0.05)。【结论】对于宁夏设施滴灌番茄,采用覆膜栽培与80%FC的灌水上限可以获得较高产量和较好品质。     

灌水模式对夏玉米耗水特性和干物质积累及分配的影响

为明确夏玉米的耗水特性,于2009年度在人工遮雨棚内进行盆栽试验,研究了土壤含水量对玉米生长发育的影响。在2010年玉米生长季降水量为446.2 mm的条件下,采用不同灌水量处理（试验共设3个处理,雨养：W0,全生育期不灌水;调亏灌溉：W1,保持田间土壤相对含水量为80%;大水漫灌：W2）,研究了夏玉米的田间耗水特性和干物质积累与分配规律。结果表明,2009年盆栽条件下,80%的土壤含水量有利于干物质的积累和籽粒产量的形成,可获得170.76 g/株的籽粒产量。2010年田间试验表明,W0、W1、W2处理干物质积累量分别为：310.83、321.5、325.59 g/株,产量分别为：9255.85、9747.29、9635.72 kg/hm2。与W0相比,灌水处理显著提高了夏玉米的干物质积累量和籽粒产量。2灌水处理间比较发现,W1处理获得了高的籽粒产量,水分利用效率显著亦高于W2处理,其水分利用效率分别为21.47、19.39 kg/(hm2?mm)。随灌水量的增加,夏玉米的干物质积累量显著提高,但是灌水量过多显著减少光合产物向籽粒的分配,使产量降低。夏玉米全生育期耗水量显著随灌水量增加增大,耗水强度提高。在自然降雨量为446.2 mm条件下,雨养处理耗水量最低,水分利用效率高于灌水处理,但其穗粒数和千粒重较低,最终获得籽粒产量低于2灌水处理。综合考虑夏玉米的籽粒产量和水分利用效率,在本试验条件下,以保持田间含水量为80%的灌溉量为最优。     

储藏物冷却机在高温高湿区高大平房仓的应用

选用功率较小的储藏物冷却机与负压通风相结合,对福建漳州地区的粮面压盖稻谷仓进行降温冷却,通过改变粮面压盖方式实现冷却的均匀性和彻底性.累计运行时间112.7 h,降温3.3℃,水分变化为0.1％,达到了保水降温的效果.运行期间的降温单位能耗为0.47 kW·h/℃·t,符合《谷物冷却机低温储粮技术规程》的规定,结束降温后粮面压盖延缓了粮温复温.     

Cotton Chemical Topping by Applying DPC in Different Cotton-Growing Regions

[Objective] The objective of this study was to investigate the stability and universality of cotton chemical topping by applying mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride, DPC) in different cotton-growing regions. [Method] Field experiments were conducted in 2018 at 10 locations in the Yellow River basin (Hejian and Handan, Hebei province; Dezhou and Wudi, Shandong province), the Yangtze River basin (Dafeng, Jiangsu province; Huanggang, Hubei province), and Xinjiang area (Shihezi location I and loacation II, northern Xinjiang and Luntai and Shaya, southern Xinjiang). Local cultivars/lines were used, and the experiments were performed using a randomized complete block design with three or four replicates. Accompanied with typical DPC multi-application in each location, chemical topping was conducted at 10 days before manual topping (T1) or at the same time with manual topping (T2) by applying four dosages of DPC (0, 90, 180, 270 g·hm^－2), manual topping was used as the first control and non-topping as the second control. [Result] The time of chemical topping significantly affected cotton plant height (except for the results in Handan, Dezhou and Wudi) and the number of fruit branches (except for the results in Dafeng and Huanggang). It was observed that earlier chemical topping would result in lower cotton plant height and a fewer fruit branches. In Hejian and Shihezi location I, the average plant height across DPC chemical topping at T1 stage was not only lower than that of T2 stage but also 3.3 cm and 4.6 cm lower than that of manual topping, respectively. In most locations, chemical topping at T1 stage increased around two fruit branches per plant compared with manual topping, while in T2 stage the increased fruit branches per plant ranged from 2.3 to 7.7. Also, we found that a higher dosage of DPC resulted in shorter plant height (except for that in Huanggang). In some locations, plant heights of chemical topping with 180 g·hm^－2 or 270 g·hm^－2 DPC were even shorter than that of manual topping. The number of fruit branches per plant of 0 g·hm^－2 DPC increased by 2.4-8.3 compared with manual topping. However, chemical topping with 90-270 g·hm^－2 DPC significantly reduced the number of fruit branches compared with 0 g·hm^－2 DPC. There were no significant differences in the number of fruit branches among three DPC dosages (90, 180, and 270 g·hm^－2). In Handan, seed cotton yield of chemical topping at T2 stage was significantly lower than that of manual topping due to the decreased boll number, which is possibly associated with the high temperature and drought weather after chemical topping. While at other locations, most treatments of chemical topping by using DPC did not produce significant effects on yield. In addition, chemical topping by using DPC did not delay cotton maturity, characterized by their similar boll-opening rate and the first harvest rate to those of manual topping before spraying harvest aids. [Conclusion] Cotton chemical topping with DPC is more stable and universal across different cotton-growing regions. We suggest that 90-180 g·hm^－2 DPC could be used at the same time with manual topping for cotton chemical topping.     

叶面肥与农药配合喷施对冬小麦产量和产量构成的影响

为了研究黄淮海平原肥料和农药配合施用对蚜虫的防治、小麦的产量及产量构成的影响,以黄淮海平原中部地区冬小麦为研究对象,通过叶面肥（以叶面肥多肽、黄腐酸磷酸二氢钾、硝酸钾和硫酸锌猛为）和农药（吡虫啉和菊酯）交互配合施用,研究肥药配合施用对蚜虫的防治、小麦的产量及产量构成的影响。结果表明,不添加叶面肥条件下,单独喷施农药小麦产量约为7846.5 kg/hm²,在添加多肽、黄腐酸、磷酸二氢钾、硝酸钾或者硫酸锌猛后,小麦产量明显增加,增幅为0.55%~6.45%。硝酸钾配施农药增幅最高,每公顷增产1000.5 kg,多肽和硫酸锌猛次之,每公顷增产为265.5 kg和288.0 kg,而黄腐酸和磷酸二氢钾增加较低,约为96.0 kg和43.5 kg。农药（吡虫啉和菊酯）与叶面肥（多肽、黄腐酸磷酸二氢钾、硝酸钾和硫酸锌）交互配合施用不仅提高了小麦产量,也明显起到杀虫作用,防虫效果明显。吡虫啉的防控率为85.7%,菊脂的为86.0%,并没有出现叶面肥降低农药杀虫的作用,具有实际的农事指导意思。     

不同密度下主茎亚有限型大豆株型及产量的变化规律

为研究主茎亚有限型大豆株型及产量的变化规律,以窄行密植大豆品种‘合丰51’为试验材料,研究不同种植密度条件下大豆品种株高、茎粗、主茎节数及节间长度、倒伏率以及产量的变化规律。结果表明,随着种植密度的增加,株高呈不断增加趋势;茎粗呈不断下降趋势;主茎节数变化幅度不明显,节间长度不断增加,株高增加为节间伸长所致;倒伏率不断增加;产量呈先增加后降低的趋势。上述性状均与种植密度相关性达到极显著水平,并在40 万株/hm2条件下达到最高产量,说明窄行密植大豆品种‘合丰51号’具有较高的密植潜力。     

耕作方式对土壤理化性状及夏玉米生长发育和产量的影响

研究耕作方式对土壤理化性状、夏玉米生长发育及籽粒产量的影响,为黄淮海北部地区土壤结构改善和籽粒产量提高提出有利的科学依据。试验设夏玉米前茬深松、翻耕、隔年深松和传统耕作旋耕4个处理。研究结果表明,深松、隔年深松、翻耕能够显著降低10 cm以下土层的土壤紧实度;提高各生育时期土壤含水量,尤其以20～40 cm土层表现最为明显;增加20～60 cm土层速效钾含量;有利于维持夏玉米灌浆中后期叶面积指数,干物质的积累量增加7．79％～18．09％;提高籽粒最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率,每公顷产量提高4．1％～9．3％。各处理间以深松和隔年深松处理表现最好,且两处理无显著差异。本试验条件下,隔年深松是兼顾高产节能高效的耕作方式。     

青贮玉米盘江7号高产栽培技术

通过对青贮玉米盘江7号的产量表现、品种特征及栽培技术要点介绍,以指导盘江7号大田生产.     

冷凉山区滇杂31“浅肥密嫩”丰产栽培配套技术规程

为提高冷凉山区水稻生产水稻生产水平,对黔南州冷凉山区滇杂31“浅肥密嫩”丰产栽培配套技术规程进行了介绍.