食品总铬质量浓度icELISA试剂盒的研制及初步应用

为研制食品中总铬质量浓度检测间接竞争ELISA(icELISA)试剂盒(Cr-Kit)。利用蛋白质连接技术合成免疫原Cr~(3+)-iEDTA-BSA,紫外扫描(UV)和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)进行鉴定;用Cr~(3+)-iEDTA-BSA免疫BALB/c小鼠,细胞融合技术筛选抗Cr~(3+)-EDTA mAb细胞株,体内诱生腹水法制备Cr~(3+)-EDTA mAb,并对其特性进行分析;应用Cr~(3+)-EDTA mAb研制Cr-Kit,测定其性能并进行初步应用。结果表明,免疫原制备成功,Cr~(3+)-iEDTA-BSA中Cr~(3+)和BSA的质量浓度分别为140.8mg/L和5.81g/L;筛选出2A3C11、2A3D9、2A11G5共3株杂交瘤细胞株,其中2A11G5最好,经6次传代分泌抗体稳定,亲和常数(Ka)为2.69×109 L/mol,与其他重金属离子无交叉反应;Cr-Kit标准曲线的线性范围为1.0~264μg/L,检测限为1.0μg/L,IC50为8.37μg/L,河水样、大米样、面粉样和猪肉样的平均加标回收率分别为101.7%、96.47%、95.8%和84.3%,Cr-Kit与国标(GB5009.123-2014)石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)的符合率为100%。本研究成功研制了Cr-Kit,可满足食品总铬残留的检测要求。     

县域农田土壤铜、锌、铬含量空间变异特征及其影响因子分析

【目的】研究县域农田土壤重金属空间变异特征及影响因子,可为保护农田环境质量提供有效信息。【方法】本研究利用地统计学和GIS相结合的方法,对四川省双流县623个土样铜、锌、铬含量空间结构、分布特征进行分析,并在此基础上对其影响因子进行了探讨。【结果】(1)农田土壤铜、锌、铬含量属于中等变异强度,其最大值与最小值之间的差异明显;(2)土壤铜、锌、铬含量的空间相关距离分别为28281、45613、45892m,且具有中等程度的空间自相关性,其空间变异受结构性和随机性因子的共同影响。【结论】普通Kriging插值表明,土壤铜、锌、铬含量的空间分布趋势较为接近,高值区主要集中在县境内西北部。影响因子分析表明,土壤铜含量在不同地形条件下呈极显著差异;成土母质对铜和锌含量空间变异有重要影响;有机肥使用量是影响土壤铜、锌、铬含量空间变异的重要因子;社会经济条件中,农业基础条件和化肥使用量对土壤铜、锌、铬含量空间变异的影响程度最高。     

Fe0去除地下水中六价铬的研究

为了研究零价铁去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)的效果及影响因素。在实验室条件下,通过批试验,考察了铁粉预处理、铁粉用量、初始pH及阳离子对六价铬去除的影响。结果表明:零价铁能够有效、快速的去除污染水体中的六价铬,机理为氧化还原和共沉淀;其去除率受铁粉预处理、铁粉投加量、初始pH及阳离子的影响;在酸性条件下,Fe2+浓度可以作为六价铬是否完全去除的指示剂。     

吡啶羧酸铬和天冬氨酸镁对猪肉品质的影响

选择48头体重接近(86.0±5.1)kg的杜长大肥育阉公猪,研究天冬氨酸镁和吡啶羧酸铬对猪宰前应激肉品质的影响。试验猪分为4组,Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为试验组,每组3个重复,每个重复4头,采食玉米-豆粕型日粮(DE,13.18MJ/kg;CP,14.6%)。Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+1.0%天冬氨酸镁(MgAsp);Ⅲ组饲喂基础日粮+0.3mg/kg吡啶羧酸铬(Crpi);Ⅳ组饲喂基础日粮+1.0%MgAsp+0.3mg/kgCrpi。每头猪每日饲喂2.8kg上述试验日粮,7d后运到屠宰场。结果表明,日粮中补充吡啶羧酸铬、天冬氨酸镁、吡啶羧酸铬+天冬氨酸镁均降低了血清中皮质醇含量,减缓了屠宰前的应激反应;给宰前的育肥猪补充吡啶羧酸铬、吡啶羧酸铬+天冬氨酸镁均可降低宰后糖原分解(P0.05),补充天冬氨酸镁也有降低宰后糖原分解的趋势。补充吡啶羧酸铬、天冬氨酸镁及吡啶羧酸铬+天冬氨酸镁均可显著降低宰后短时间内猪背最长肌和股二头肌乳酸含量(P0.05);日粮中补充吡啶羧酸铬、天冬氨酸镁及吡啶羧酸铬+天冬氨酸镁均可极显著(P0.01)降低背最长肌和股二头肌pH和滴水损失,分别降低PSE肉发生率75.1%、49.8%和75.1%(P0.05),而对系水力无显著影响(P0.05));复合添加吡啶羧酸铬、天冬氨酸镁组猪的滴水损失、背最长肌和股二头肌色值都显著低于单独添加吡啶羧酸铬、天冬氨酸镁组,这说明吡啶羧酸铬、天冬氨酸镁在改善肉质指标方面具有一定的加性效应,二者同时添加效果最好。     

水杨酸对番茄种子萌发及幼苗生长铬胁迫的缓解效应

以"903"番茄种子为试材,探讨了水杨酸对0.01mmol/LCr6+胁迫下番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长的缓解效应。结果表明:在0.01mmol/LCr6+胁迫下,0.02～0.1g/LSA均能显著提高番茄种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数并促进幼苗生长,提高叶绿素和可溶性糖的含量,可明显缓解铬对番茄种子萌发生长的毒害,并以0.1g/L水杨酸效果最好。     

Distribution of Chromium,Nickel, and Cobalt in Different Parts of Plant Species and Soil in Mining Area of Keban,Turkey

Abstract

The distribution of chromium, nickel, and cobalt in the plant species and soil of the Zn‐Pb‐Ag sulfide deposits of the Keban area in Turkey have been studied to determine both biogeochemical indicators and biomonitoring of environmental pollution. Plants, including Euphorbia, Verbascum, and Astragalus, and their associated soil samples were collected, and the roots and shoots of these plants together with soils were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). The three metal concentrations in the shoots of Euphorbia samples were found to be lower than in their roots, whereas the metal concentrations in shoots of Verbascum are higher than in their roots. Although the metal concentrations in soils were found to be lower than the permissible limits for agricultural purposes, the concentrations of these metals in different parts of some plants were observed at excessive/toxic levels. As a result, the roots of Euphorbia and the shoots of Verbascum and Astragalus can be used to biomonitor environmental contamination and as biogeochemical indicators.     

Three Filter Beds for Arsenite and Chromate Removal

Abstract

Arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) are two of the most toxic pollutants introduced into natural waters from a variety of sources, and they cause various adverse effects on living bodies when their concentrations exceed permissible limits. Laboratory experiments have been conducted to investigate the sorption of As and Cr on carbon steel and removal of trace elements from drinking water with a household filtration process. The affinity of As and Cr species for iron/iron carbide (Fe/Fe₃C) sites is the key factor in controlling the removal of the elements. The method is based on the use of powder carbon steel, powdered block carbon, and ball ceramic in the ion‐sorption columns as a cleaning process. The presence of carbon steel in a system that contains As³⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ might have a potential effect.     

Phytotoxicity of cobalt,vanadium, titanium,silver, and chromium

Abstract

The phytotoxicity of five nonessential elements (Co, V, Ti, Ag, Cr) to higher plants was studied in solution culture experiments with bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. C.V. Improved Tendergreen). All, but in varying degrees, tended to concentrate in roots with a decreasing gradient to stems and leaves. Cobalt was one of the more mobile of the five trace metals. Its toxicity was expressed as severe chlorosis; 43 (with 10^‐5 M) and 142 (with 10^‐4 M) μg Co/g dry weight in leaves resulted in severe chlorosis. Vanadium as 10^‐4 M vanadate resulted in smaller plants but not in chlorosis. Leaf, stem, and root V, respectively, were 13, 8, and 881 μg/g dry weight. Titanium was somewhat mobile with considerable yield decrease at 10^‐4 M; leaf, stem, and root Ti concentrations, respectively, were 202, 48, and 2420 μg/g. Symptoms were chlorosis, necrotic spots on leaves, and stunting. Silver was very lethal at 10^‐4 M AgNO₃; at 10^‐5 M yields were greatly decreased, but plants were grown without symptoms. Leaf, stem, and root concentrations of Ag for this treatment, respectively, were 5.8, 5.1, and 1760 μg/g dry weight. Plants grown with 10^‐5 N Cr₂O₇ were decreased in yield by about 25% with or without EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) while the same level of Cr₂(SO₄)₃ was essentially without effect. For the two salts, the leaf, stem, root concentrations for Cr, respectively were 2.2 and 1.3, 0.7 and 0. 7, and 140 and 104 μg/g. Most of the trace metals studied here had interactions in the uptake and/or distribution of other elements.     

有关二苯碳酰二肼测定土壤中铬的几个问题

在研究二苯碳酰二肼测定铬的反应机理的同时,对使用同一消化浪测定土样中铬和钛的可行洼进行了试验,结果认为,采用H_2SO_4—H_3PO_4—HNP_3体系消化土壤样品,消化液可分别用二苯碳酰二肼比色法测铬和用二安替比林甲烷比色法测钛。经对全国不同地区的五个土样用本法与常规测铬法的对照试验,得到一致的结果。作者还发现,使用不同纯度级的二苯碳酰二肼得到不同的结果,认为必须使用分析纯级以上的试剂。 根据对络台物的可见一紫外吸收光谱的研究和其他试验结果,并结合前入的电泳试验等结果,阐述了二苯碳酰二肼测定铬的反应机理。     

玉米秸秆对土壤吸持六价铬影响的试验研究

玉米秸秆是一种有机物料,它可以促进六价铬的吸持。研究通过批平衡试验,描述了不同玉米秸秆投入量对土壤吸持六价铬的影响及其动力学过程,通过10个动力学模型进行了拟合,效果较好。另外,还描述了反应的吸附等温线和平衡模型,结果可以用Herry模型、langmuir模型、Freundlich模型和Tekmin模型进行较好模拟。结果表明,秸秆有效地促进了六价铬在土壤中的吸持,可以作为六价铬的吸附剂。该结果具有良好的环境效应和经济效应。通过土柱试验,分别研究了秸秆覆盖和混合对土壤吸持六价铬的影响,有较好的实践意义。