药用植物材料混配抑制草莓重茬病菌的初步研究

采用生长速率法,研究了Ds-100,Ds-117和Ds-148 3种药用植物材料按不同比例混配对草莓重茬病主要病原真菌——立枯丝核菌和尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌效果。结果表明,在供试的T15- ,T15- ,T15- ,T15- 和T15- 5种不同混配比例中,T15- 对立枯丝核菌和尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌率分别为85.5%和32.7%,并且在P=0.01水平下,其对立枯丝核菌的抑制作用与其他4种配比的抑菌率差异极显著,对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用与T15- ,T15- 和T15- 3种配比的抑菌率差异极显著。采用生长速率法,测定了T15- 不同稀释倍数对立枯丝核菌和尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用,结果表明:T15- 稀释200,400,800倍对立枯丝核菌的抑菌率分别为70.8%,49.2%,22.1%;对尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌率分别为19.2%,13.3%,7.9%,明显低于对立枯丝核菌的抑制率。此外,测定发现T15- 对立枯丝核菌的EC50为2.2 mg/mL,T15- 稀释50,100,200倍对尖孢镰刀菌孢子萌发的抑菌率分别为59.9%,37.6%和17.0%。     

药食同源中草药在功能饮料开发中的应用进展

随着功能饮料行业的蓬勃发展,药食同源中草药在功能饮料开发研究中起着重要作用.在此对几种常见药食同源中草药在功能饮料开发的应用进行了综述,以期为利用药食同源种草开发功能饮料提供参考.     

我国南方香草植物栽培技术及典型应用研究

介绍香草植物及其分布、用途,阐述影响香草植物生长的因素、南方栽培技术标准和栽培关键技术要点,并论述香草植物在温泉旅游业中的典型应用.     

中草药种植对宁夏居民生计及环境修复的影响

传统的生态修复不能使当地居民摆脱贫困,而畜牧业和农业又面临着过度放牧等对资源的过度消耗问题,荒漠化地区中草药种植不但能提升居民收入,而且能带来生态环境效益。本研究以宁夏地区的中草药种植情况为例,采用市场价值法、调查评价法和影子工程法等生态经济学分析方法对中草药的生态经济环境效益进行综合评价。结果表明,宁夏地区中草药成交额由2001年的1.628亿元增加到2010年的13.543亿元;在pH值为8.64的盐碱土壤中种植中草药可以降低土壤盐分;种植中草药可以改善土壤理化性质,提升林草覆盖率,实现生态修复,从而使西部荒漠化地区经济发展与环境保护通过产业化模式发展起来,不失为当地居民摆脱“贫困陷阱”的一种好方法。     

抗鸭传染性浆膜炎中药组方对鸭免疫功能的研究

在成功筛选出防治鸭传染性浆膜炎效果较好的中药组方P基础上,采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测21日龄雏鸭外周血淋巴细胞（PBMC）IFN-γ和IL-6 mRNA的表达水平,研究该组方对鸭只免疫器官的影响。结果表明,P1组（预防组）鸭脾脏指数和胸腺指数显著或极显著高于y组（阳性对照组）与K组（健康对照组）（P〈0.05;P〈0.01）,P2组（治疗组）鸭脾脏指数和胸腺指数极显著高于K组（P〈0.01）;P1组极显著提高鸭外周血淋巴细胞IFN-γ mRNA的表达量（P〈0.01）;P2组显著提高IFN-γ mRNA的表达量（P〈0.05）;P1组、P2组IL-6 mRNA的表达量有升高的趋势（P〈0.1）。说明组方P能促进机体免疫器官的发育和分泌IFN-γ及IL-6,提高机体抗病力和免疫调节能力。     

Towards practices favourable to plant diversity in hybrid poplar plantations

Much research effort is being devoted to developing forest management practices with limited impacts on biodiversity. While the impact of poplar Populus sp. plantations on biodiversity is relatively well-known at the landscape scale, the impact of alternative management practices at the plantation scale has received much less attention. Yet biodiversity is likely to be impacted by the choice of the poplar clone, stem density at plantation, type and duration of the understory control, and age at which the poplars are harvested. In this study, we investigated the impact of these factors on herbaceous plant communities with data from plant surveys conducted in 85 young (2–5 years) and 96 mature (11–17 years) hybrid poplar high-forest plantations in northern France. On average, ruderal or generalist plants contributed to 40.5% of the plot species richness; tall herbs (60.2%), forest (26%) and meadow plants (13.8%) contributed to the remaining 59.5% more specialised species. Soil moisture and soil nitrogen were major determinants of plant communities: wet soils were favourable to tall herbs, while meadow and forest species preferred moist soils; a significantly lower diversity of the three species groups was reported in the nutrient richer soils (in mature plantations only for forest plants). Mean species richness decreased with plantation age except for forest species. Plant communities in young plantations showed little differences in composition according to the type of understory control (chemical, mechanical or both). The development of a shrubby layer in mature plantations was restricted to the drier soils and was detrimental to both meadow plants and tall herb species. Effects of previous land use on forest and tall herb species were found only in young plantations, suggesting a rapid reset of plant communities for these two groups. This may not be the case for meadow species as the influence of previous land use was significant in mature plantations only. Finally, clone type and stem density at plantation had no significant impact on plant communities. Adjusting age at which the poplars are harvested seems the only effective way to drive plant communities in high-forest poplar plantations: delaying poplar harvest (probably beyond 15–20 years) would benefit forest plants, while advancing poplar harvest (about 10 years) would benefit tall herbs, especially in wet soil conditions.     

用于植物组织染色的一些本地草本植物染料的筛选

为了改良有毒的、昂贵的、人造的非本地的染剂,研究用于植物组织染色的一些无毒和环保型的草本植物染剂的功效。采用常规的染色方法,利用从红木（Bixa orellana）、姜黄（Curcuma domestica）、约鲁巴靛蓝（Lonchocarpus cyaneseens）和紫檀（Pterocarpus osun）中提取的染色剂用于木本植物切片的着色。除了从约鲁巴靛蓝中提取的染色剂外,所有从植物中提取的染色剂都对纤维和导管分子有亲和性。从姜黄和红木中提取的染色剂比从紫檀中提取的染色剂有更高的选则性。吸光率曲线结果表明,除了从姜黄中提取的染色剂外,从植物中提取的染色剂有两个小峰值,因此他们有两个或更多的染色团。染色剂显酸性（pH,3．77-6．77）。研究表明,从红木,姜黄和紫檀中提取的染色剂可以单独或与人工染剂结合用于植物组织染色。     

山野菜荚果蕨颈卵器发育的研究

通过对荚果蕨有性生殖方式的研究,有利于保持和培育该野生物种资源。主要利用光学显微镜和石蜡切片技术详细观察和记录了荚果蕨颈卵器的发育过程,结果表明：颈卵器是由原叶体表面细胞中颈卵器原始细胞发生,颈部由4~6层细胞组成;卵细胞的形成经历两次不均等分裂,腹沟细胞解体标志着卵细胞的成熟;顶端细胞打开,成熟的卵细胞进行受精;当颈卵器的腹沟细胞浓缩成为略扁的半球形结构而不解体,促使颈卵器败育。本研究首次阐明荚果蕨颈卵器内细胞的发育顺序和特征,为开发应用山野菜荚果蕨提供必要的参考资料。     

Forage herbs improve mineral composition of grassland herbage

Provision of an adequate mineral supply in the diets of ruminants fed mainly on grassland herbage can present a challenge if mineral concentrations are suboptimal for animal nutrition. Forage herbs may be included in grassland seed mixtures to improve herbage mineral content, although there is limited information about mineral concentrations in forage herbs. To determine whether herbs have greater macro‐ and micromineral concentrations than forage legumes and grasses, we conducted a 2‐year experiment on a loamy‐sand site in Denmark sown with a multi‐species mixture comprised of three functional groups (grasses, legumes and herbs). Herb species included chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), caraway (Carum carvi L.) and salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor L.). We also investigated the effect of slurry application on the macro‐ and micromineral concentration of grasses, legumes and herbs. In general, herbs had greater concentrations of the macrominerals P, Mg, K and S and the microminerals Zn and B than grasses and legumes. Slurry application indirectly decreased Ca, S, Cu and B concentrations of total herbage because of an increase in the proportion of mineral‐poor grasses. Our study indicates that including herbs in forage mixtures is an effective way of increasing mineral concentrations in herbage.