新城疫中药多糖佐剂油乳苗对鸡免疫器官发育的影响

４２０只７日龄健康罗曼雏鸡随机分为７组,每组６０只。第１组肌注新城疫（ＮＤ）黄芪多糖佐剂油乳苗,第２组肌注ＮＤ香菇多糖佐剂油乳苗,第３组肌注ＮＤ复方多糖（１）佐剂油乳苗,第４组肌注ＮＤ复方多糖（２）佐剂油乳苗,第５组肌注ＮＤ复方多糖（３）佐剂油乳苗,第６组肌注ＮＤ油乳苗（对照）,第７组肌注生理盐水（空白对照）。分别于注苗后５、１０、１５、２５、３５ｄ,每组随机取１０只鸡称重,并取免疫器官脾、法氏囊用１０％福尔马林固定后称重,作统计学处理。结果表明,中药多糖作为新城疫油乳苗佐剂有明显的增加免疫器官重量的作用,复方中药多糖对脾、法氏囊的增重效果优于单一多糖。     

中草药制剂防治鸡白痢的研究进展

作者综述了中草药制剂的分类、特性、作用机理以及防治鸡白痢的应用进展,提出了存在问题及使用中的注意事项。     

海南岛药用蕨类植物资源调查(英文)

There are almost 400 species(containing 8 varieties)of pteridophytes on Hainan Island,belonging to 43 families and 114 genera,one third of which are officinal.To understand the distribution of pteridophytes resources of Hainan Island,we conducted this survey mainly by photographing the habitat,plant morphology,sorus and specific traits of some pteridophytes.The results showed that nearly 32 families and 94 species were recorded.These pteridophyte herb resources play important roles in medical treatment of native Li nationality people.     

30味中药及其复方对鸭疫里默氏杆菌的体外抑菌作用

[目的]筛选出对鸭疫里默氏杆菌敏感的中草药及其复方。[方法]对分离鉴定的19株鸭疫里默氏杆菌用管碟法进行体外抑菌试验,研究30味常用中药及两个复方对其抑制作用。[结果]单味中药抑制作用的综合得分如下:黄连13分,黄柏9分,黄芩8分,苍术、丹皮、桔梗、金银花、连翘、玄参各6分,半枝莲、茯苓、虎杖、栀子各5分,半边莲、赤芍、马齿苋、生地、天花粉各4分,半夏、穿心莲、大黄、蛇舌草、鱼腥草各3分,白头翁、大青叶、丹参、附子、蒲公英、秦皮、知母各2分。方剂一和二分别得15和14分。[结论]部分中药对鸭疫里默氏杆菌的抑制作用不明显,两个复方对鸭疫里默氏杆菌均有一定的抑制作用。     

102中草药复方制剂的毒性试验

采用灌胃和腹腔注射的方法,对１０２中草药复方制剂进行了急性毒性试验和亚急性毒性试验,结果表明,该制剂水提物给小白鼠灌胃,其毒副作用很小,耐受量大于１ｍＬ／１０ｇ,４５ｄ后,小白鼠体重明显增加,与对照组相比差异显著,心、肝、脾、胃、肾作组织学检查,未民两全是变化,给小白鼠腹腔注射,该制剂有毒性,ＬＤ５０为０．５４５ｍｌ／１０ｇ,故该制剂水提物不宜腹腔注射给药。     

5种中药对茄二十八星瓢虫孵化、产卵的影响

[目的]为有效防治茄二十八星瓢虫提供试验依据。[方法]通过孵化率试验和强迫取食试验测试黄连、黄柏、丹皮、百部、野菊花的水提取物对茄二十八星瓢虫卵的孵化、成虫产卵的影响。[结果]黄柏提取物处理的卵的孵化率为(48.7±4.7)%;野菊花和丹皮提取物的分别为(54.6±10.1)%和(61.7±24.5)%;黄连和百部提取物的分别为(89.7±4.3)%和(94.6±4.8)%。黄连提取物处理的成虫的产卵量为(89.3±7.6)粒;丹皮和野菊花提取物的分别为(106.7±12.1)和(110.3±11.2)粒;百部和黄柏提取物的分别为(154.2±9.8)和(165.3±20.3)粒。[结论]这5种中药水提取物对茄二十八星瓢虫卵的孵化、成虫产卵均有不同程度的影响,黄柏水提取物对其孵化率影响最为显著,黄连水提取物对其成虫产卵的抑制作用最为显著。     

甘肃省重要中草药的化感作用初探

以甘肃省栽培的重要药用植物黄芪、党参、黄芩和甘草为材料,研究其地上部分(茎、叶)和根不同浓度的水浸液对不同作物的种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:就4种受体植物而言,黄芪和党参的化感作用较强,而甘草和黄芩的化感作用较弱,其化感作用强弱依次为:黄芪>党参>甘草>黄芩;供试中草药不同部位的化感效应不同,地下部分的化感作用强于地上部分,其化感物质可以通过雨雾淋溶的途径进入环境作用于其他植物。     

12种中草药对大菱鲆幼鱼的诱食效果研究

[目的]研究12种中草药对大菱鲆幼鱼的诱食效果,为菱鲆鱼人工配合饲料的研制提供参考。[方法]以200尾平均体长为3cm,体重为1g,60日龄的大菱鲆幼鱼为试验对象,选用丁香、肉桂、八角、山萘、薄荷、黄连、黄柏、黄岑、栀子、苦参、乌梅、诃子肉等12种中草药,以2‰添加量分别加入到基础饵料中,进行单方筛选试验,并根据单方试验结果选取诱食效果较好的中草药进行梯度试验和两两组合试验,分析不同中草药对大菱鲆幼鱼的诱食效果。[结果]苦参、栀子、黄岑和山萘的诱食效果较好;4种中草药梯度试验结果表明,2‰栀子、5‰苦参、5‰黄岑和2‰山萘对大菱鲆幼鱼诱食效果最好;在复方试验中,2‰栀子与苦参混合物对大菱鲆幼鱼的诱食效果最好。[结论]对大菱鲆幼鱼的诱食效果与中草药种类和浓度相关。     

Herbage dry‐matter production and forage quality of three legumes and four non‐leguminous forbs grown in single‐species stands

Agronomic data on most broad‐leaved species of grasslands are scarce. The aim of this study was to obtain novel information on herbage DM yield and forage quality for several forb species, and on species differences and seasonal patterns across harvests and in successive years. Four non‐leguminous forbs [salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor), caraway (Carum carvi), chicory (Cichorium intybus) and ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata)] and three leguminous forbs [yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis), lucerne (Medicago sativa) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)] and a perennial ryegrass–white clover mixture were investigated in a small‐plot cutting trial in Denmark during 2009 and 2010. Plots were harvested four times per year. On average, annual herbage yield was highest for lucerne (15·4 t DM) and grass–white clover (12·5 t DM ha^?1), and lowest for salad burnet (4·6 t DM ha^?1) and yellow sweet clover (3·9 t DM ha^?1). Ribwort plantain and lucerne had the highest concentrations of acid detergent fibre (339 and 321 g kg^?1 DM respectively) and lignin (78 and 67 g kg^?1 DM respectively); contents in other species were similar to grass–white clover (275 and 49 g kg^?1 DM respectively). No common feature was found within the functional groups of non‐leguminous forbs and leguminous forbs, other than higher crude protein contents (198–206 g kg^?1 DM) in the legumes. DM yield and fibre content were lowest in October. Digestibility declined with higher temperature and increasing fibre content. Results are discussed in terms of the potential of forbs to contribute to forage resources in farming practice.     

中药材根际和非根际土壤酶和微生物特征

以恩施州4种中草药黄连、黄柏、丹皮和木通的根际与非根际土壤为对象,对其根际与非根际土壤pH、土壤养分、土壤微生物和土壤酶活性(转化酶、脱氢酶、脲酶、FDA水解酶)进行对比分析。结果表明:4种药材短期种植中土壤有机质、速效钾、碱解氮均呈现出明显的根际聚集效应。土壤微生物及酶也表现为根际活性较高,根际土壤转化酶、脱氢酶、脲酶、FDA水解酶活性分别较非根际土壤高出113.7%、33.9%、55.5%、472.0%。土壤养分与生物活性主成分分析组成的土壤肥力信息系统较好地表征了土壤肥力水平的差异,获得的综合得分,计算的土壤总体酶活性指标(TEI)与土壤理化性质达显著或极显著正相关。且4种中草药根际土壤肥力水平综合得分及TEI值均高于非根际土壤。主成分分析综合得分和TEI可以较好地表征该地区中草药根际和非根际土壤肥力水平。