抗传染性喉气管炎病毒中药的筛选试验

本文用细胞培养法、鸡胚培养法对42种中药进行抗传染性喉气管炎病毒的筛选试验。通过细胞病变（CPE）抑制试验对42种中药进行初步筛选，结果发现石榴皮等5种中药有抑制CPE的作用。培养细胞有20％的细胞发生病变，认为这些中药有抗ILTV的作用；应用空斑形成抑制试验对5种抗ILTV中药进行复筛，结果表明5种中药均有不同程度的抑制病毒空斑形成作用。其中以石榴皮等2种中药作用较强，空斑形成抑制率可达98％以上；应用鸡胚培养法对5种中药进行抗ILTV试验，结果发现5种中药均显著地减少了鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜上的痘疱，其中以石榴皮等2种中药抑制痘疱形成的强度最高；通过不同加药时间，观察CPE抑制情况。结果表明，在接毒前48h给药有2种中药具明显的抑制CPE。接毒同时加药以及接毒后1h加药，这5种中药均呈现明显的抑制CPE。     

参与式农村扶贫的发展--贵州茂兰国家自然保护区实施参与式农村扶贫案例研究

参与式是目前扶贫项目采用的方法，参与主体的范围是项目成功的关键，也是参与式发展的主要内容。本探讨了中药材种植培训以及农村生活剧两个扶贫项目，作认为，在参与主体的范围里，除了人的因素以外还要包括项目点当地的历史、化、经济现况等客观因素。这些客观存在的因素是当地贫困的根本原因所在，其中也孕藏中扶贫项目的有效切入口。     

中药废渣对干旱区弃耕盐碱地土壤理化性质及微生物数量和酶活性的影响

在宁夏干旱区弃耕盐碱地施用苦豆子草渣、苦豆子籽渣和甘草渣3种中药废渣,对表层土壤理化性质、微生物数量和土壤酶活性的变化进行了研究,探讨3种中药废渣改良弃耕盐碱地的效应。结果表明:施用3种中药废渣后,土壤容重、pH值、全盐均低于CK(未施药渣),其中pH值、全盐含量显著降低;土壤水分含量均显著高于CK;土壤养分含量全面提高,其中土壤有机质、全磷、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾得到显著提高,不同处理间速效氮、速效磷、速效钾差异显著(p0.05),其中苦豆子籽渣提供速效氮、速效钾的能力显著高于甘草渣和苦豆子草渣,而甘草渣提供速效磷的能力显著高于苦豆子草渣和籽渣;施用废渣后的表层土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量均显著高于CK;苦豆子草渣、苦豆子籽渣和甘草渣对土壤碱性磷酸酶的活性有显著性的促进作用,苦豆子籽渣对土壤过氧化氢酶的活性有显著性的促进作用;土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾与土壤微生物的数量和土壤酶相互促进作用明显,有密切的相关关系。     

中草药饲料添加剂提高蛋鸡产蛋性能的试验研究

应用选配的中草药合剂作为蛋鸡饲料添加剂,进行了3批试验.试验Ⅰ采用单因子四水平试验设计,结果表明1%添加水平对哈可(Harco)蛋鸡可提高产蛋率10.60%(P<0.01),提高饲料转化率9.51%.试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ中,1%添加比例对伊莎(ISA Brown)蛋鸡分别提高产蛋率9.37%(P<0.01),4.64%(P<0.05);提高饲料转化率7.41%和5.54%.试验表明该中草药添加剂对提高蛋鸡的产蛋性能有良好的效果.     

中药防治鸡球虫病的研究进展

从中药防治鸡球虫病的特点、防治效果和抗球虫病中药制剂的毒性以及使用中药防治鸡球虫病存在的问题等方面综述了中草药及其复方制剂在抗鸡球虫病方面的研究进展。     

菌草灵芝、菌糠和中草药饲料添加剂防治仔猪肠炎的效果

根据中兽医学理论,采用菌草灵芝菌糠、菌草灵芝子实体和中草药系列饲料添加剂防治仔猪肠炎痢疾,试验证明这些饲料添加剂与其他抗菌药物一样能有效防治仔猪肠炎痢疾,其中菌草灵芝菌糠的效果最好,从猪的血液检测指标也证实了菌草灵芝菌糠的免疫作用.由此认为菌草灵芝菌糠是一种免疫增强剂,作为饲料添加剂有重大的经济效益和社会效益,具有广阔的开发前景.     

中医临床文献方药筛选系统构建及其思路

在总结分析中医临床文献研究现状和近20年来统计学方法应用于中医临床文献研究

经验的基础上，结合计算机技术与循证医学方法，提出了构建融合多元数理分析与循证医学

评价的高集成度、客观化的中医药临床文献方药筛选系统的设想和研究思路。

     

Land-use history and plant performance in populations of Trillium grandiflorum

Many forest herbs show reduced frequency in forests growing on former agricultural land (secondary forests) relative to forests that were never cleared for agriculture (primary forests). To explain this pattern, studies of secondary forest colonization by forest herbs have stressed the role of limited seed dispersal, though environmental conditions may also limit colonization. Here I demonstrate that adult plant performance of Trillium grandiflorum is significantly reduced in secondary vs. primary forests in central New York State, USA. Comparing primary and secondary sites both with relatively high soil pH, T. grandiflorum populations were more dense, and individual plants were larger and more likely to be flowering in primary than secondary forests. Using counts of annual leaf scars on the rhizome, I demonstrate that this result is not due to secondary populations being younger than primary populations. Age-specific leaf area was significantly greater in primary than secondary stands at high soil pH, and the data suggest slightly reduced seed set in secondary stands as well. These results point to a more important role for environmental conditions in limiting forest-herb colonization of secondary forests than has been previously appreciated. Restoration and conservation of forest herbs in post-agricultural forests will require more than simply overcoming dispersal limitation.     

Robustness in the mineral supply from temporary grasslands

Abstract

The current study examined the capacity of different temporary grassland legume–grass mixtures under different N supply levels to supply similar amounts of elements in systems where the herbage is cut for feed. Mixtures showed a good robustness in supplying equal amounts of mineral elements in the combined herbage as well as equal concentrations in dry matter of mineral elements compared with the same species in monocultures. The reasons for the mixed systems to be able to buffer differences in N supply levels as well as different compositions of the mixtures were that legume leaves and stems had similar concentrations of mineral elements, whether in monocultures or in mixtures with grasses. Grasses in mixture with legumes had however higher N, Ca, S, Zn, Cu and tended to have higher Mg concentration, both in stems and leaves, while Mn were less concentrated in mixtures’ dry matter. Further, the mixtures doubled their dry matter accumulation in the two weeks just around grass heading. The systems partly buffered the time-wise differences in the sense that the P accumulation paralleled dry matter but the N was diluted. This was mirrored in a decrease in N concentration and maintenance of the concentration level of P and other elements. As the stem–leaf ratio was higher (p<0.05) in festulolium than in ryegrass and as the stems of festulolium have lower concentrations of N, K, Ca, S, Mg, Fe and Cu than leaves, the mixtures including festulolium had a rapidly declining proportion of these elements in the combined mixtures’ dry matter. Management options in improving the mineral supplies are thus to choose species when establishing the temporary grasslands according to functionality, to manipulate the content of legumes by the N supply level, and to time the harvest of the herbage.     

Herbicide application and direct drilling improves establishment and yield of chicory and plantain

The herbs chicory ( C ichorium intybus L.) and plantain ( P lantago lanceolata L.) are increasingly popular summer forage cropping options for dairy producers. However, the impact of different establishment methods on their productivity is largely unknown. Four establishment methods for chicory and plantain crops sown into non‐cultivated ryegrass pastures in spring were compared. Establishment methods included direct‐drilling or broadcasting seed into existing pastures, with or without herbicide application before sowing in a 2 × 2 factorial design. It was hypothesized that plant establishment and growth would be enhanced by spraying to kill existing ryegrass pasture and direct‐drilling herbs (Spray and Drill, SD) compared with broadcasting seed with no herbicide application (Unsprayed and Broadcast, UB). This hypothesis was supported with an additional 2·1–2·3 t DM ha^?1 grown over 201 d from swards established by SD, compared with swards established by UB. The SD method also increased the plant density of the herbs and reduced the proportion of weed species. Spraying and direct drilling is more expensive than broadcasting seed with no herbicide application, but the increase in yield means that extra feed can be supplied at less than half the cost of purchasing the equivalent amount of feed. Therefore, for optimal economic outcomes, chicory and plantain swards should be established by applying herbicide to existing pasture and direct‐drilling seed.