基于城市化进程下的失地农民问题研究

由于我国城市化的进程飞速发展,使得许多的农村土地被国家大量的征收,这使一个特殊群 体快速地在社会中占据了一定的比例,就是失地农民。他们既不是农民却又与城市中的居民不同。 这种群体的产生是每一个国家在发展中都会遇到的问题,而对于该群体在社会中的生存也成为一项 重要的问题。因此,文章以城市化进程中失地农民的问题以及原因入手,提出了解决城市化进程下失 地农民问题的策略,以供参考。     

Artificial Feeding and Laboratory Rearing of Endangered Saproxylic Beetles as a Tool for Insect Conservation

Conservation of threatened animals is frequently limited by lack of knowledge about their ecological preferences, and often artificial feeding is one of the few chances to save endangered species. We investigated the possibility to artificially feed two endangered flat bark beetles dependent on dead wood for their diet—namely, Cucujus cinnaberinus (Scopoli, 1763) and Cucujus haematodes Erichson, 1845—by examining their dietary preferences, life cycle duration, and survival in laboratory conditions. Individuals of the two species were caught in the wild and larvae and adults were fed in laboratory conditions by live or dead prey. Three species of saproxylic beetles: two cerambycids (Acanthocinus griseus Fabricius, 1793 and Rhagium inquisitor Linnaeus, 1758), one scolytid (Ips sexdentatus Börner, 1776) one tenebrionid (Tenebrio molitor (Linnaeus, 1758)) one dipteran (Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826)) and one ant (Lasius sp. Fabricius, 1804) were used as prey, with minced meat as a control. Our results indicated high survival and no difference in prey choice between the two flat beetle species. Larvae and adults preferred dead prey, but no significant preference was detected among dead prey taxa, supporting the hypothesis that the two species are opportunistic scavengers. Comparing data with previous results, both species and their developmental stages should be classified as obligate saproxylic organisms with preference to the dead and decaying organic material. Successful artificial feeding and rearing of these endangered species, followed by the release in the wild through rescue or reintroduction programs, therefore appear relevant for their protection and future conservation.     

Artificial Diet Influences Population Growth of the Root Maggot Bradysia impatiens (Diptera: Sciaridae)

In order to investigate the effects of artificial diets on the population growth of root maggot Bradysia impatiens, its population growth parameters were assayed on eight artificial diets (Diet 1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, and D8). Results showed that developmental duration from egg to pupa was successfully completed on all eight artificial diets. However, the egg to pupal duration was shortest, while the survival rate of four insect stages was lowest when B. impatiens was reared on D1. When B. impatiens was reared on D7 and D8, the survival rate, female longevity, and female oviposition were higher than those reared on other diets. When B. impatiens was reared on D7, the intrinsic rate of increase (r_m = 0.19/d), net reproductive rate (R₀ = 39.88 offspring per individual), and finite rate of increase (λ = 1.21/d) were higher for its population growth with shorter generation time (T = 19.49 d) and doubling time (Dt = 3.67 d). The findings indicate that the D7 artificial diet is more appropriate for the biological parameters of B. impatiens and can be used an indoor breeding food for population expansion as well as further research. We propose that vitamin C supplement added to the D7 is critical for the improvement of the B. impatiens growth.     

Evaluation on the fitness and population projection of Nilaparvata lugens in response to elevated CO2 using two-sex life table

Abstract

The life history and fitness of Nilaparvata lugens being reared under ambient level (current CO₂ concentration), medially elevated (550?µL/L) and highly elevated (750?µL/L) CO₂ concentration for long-term generation were compared using two-sex life table instead of traditional age-specific life table. The results showed that significantly longer larval duration and lower fecundity of N. lugens were observed in 750?µL/L relative to 550?µL/L treatment (P?<?0.05). Accordingly, 550?µL/L CO₂ significantly enhanced population parameters of N. lugens, including significantly higher intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate (λ) and net reproductive rate (R_O), but not for 750?µL/L CO₂. Taken together, N. lugens performs enhanced development rate, fecundity and survival in individual life history and higher potential in population multiplication under 550?µL/L CO₂ level, while only indicates the less enhanced development rate and survival without significant increased capacity of population expansion under 750?µL/L CO₂ level. These results should facilitate predicting the fitness and potential population damage of N. lugens, which is valuable for the integrated control of N. lugens in the future increasing CO₂ concentration.     

茶让生活更美好

茶作为中华民族的举国之饮,是中华传统文化的集中体现,也是彰显健康生活的民生产业。如今,中国茶在新时代的脉络中展现了蓬勃的生机与活力,迎来了发展的黄金时代。本文从茶产业、茶文化、茶科技和茶健康等角度全方位论述了中国茶的影响、地位、贡献和前景,解读茶让人民生活更美好的时代愿景。     

现代生活中的楚雄彝族烤罐茶习俗

彝族的茶文化有着悠久的历史,“烤罐茶”习俗是彝族人在漫长的历史进程中创造出来的文化传统,是彝族火塘茶艺与地域特色文化的有机结合。在彝族人的观念中,“茶”作为生活中的必需品也蕴含着他们图腾崇拜意识、待人接物的礼仪文化和民族之间凝聚力的表达等多种文化因素。新时代背景下,彝族的烤罐茶在历史的发展过程中得到传承,也蕴含着现代人的养生观念。本文以楚雄彝族烤罐茶习俗为研究对象,探索现代生活中的彝族烤罐茶习俗的传承发展及其丰富的文化内涵。     

海底管道腐蚀缺陷处阴极保护数值模拟

海底管道表面很容易因为腐蚀形成缺陷点,具有深度大、传播快且检测困难的特点,对管道安全运行产生很大隐患。通过数值模拟方法研究了X80海底管道钢表面存在腐蚀缺陷时缺陷点内部对阴极保护产生的屏蔽作用,利用有限元方法模拟缺陷处的局部电位和阳极/阴极反应电流密度。结果表明:在腐蚀缺陷处阴极保护电流被部分屏蔽,特别是在缺陷的底部位置;缺陷处对阴极保护的屏蔽作用随着缺陷深度的增加和宽度的减小而越来越强。研究结果可为现场海底管道腐蚀状况和剩余寿命的评估提供指导。     

林业机械设备寿命周期费用的计算、分析和应用研究

寿命周期费用理论是现代设备管理的重要理论。本文首先阐述了寿命周期费用的概念和各种计算方法,包括总费用的静态、动态计算方法和年平均费用的静态、动态计算方法。然后介绍了寿命周期费用分析步骤。在此基础上探讨了寿命周期费用分析在设备评价和设备更新效益计算中的应用方法。     

亚硝酸盐氮对克氏原螯虾仔虾的急性毒性效应

研究了亚硝酸盐氮对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus Clarkii)仔虾的急性毒性效应,结果表明:克氏原螯虾仔虾对亚硝酸盐氮的耐受性随接触时间的增加而明显降低;亚硝酸盐氮对克氏原螯虾仔虾24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h半致死浓度分别为28.69 mg/L、22.69 mg/L、18.92 mg/L、15.19 mg/L,安全浓度为1.52 mg/L.     

垫囊绿绵蜡蚧实验种群生命表

组建了垫囊绿绵蜡蚧Chloropuicinaria psidii Mask．实验种群生命表．分析结果表明：垫囊绿绵蜡蚧实验种群的内禀增长率(rm)为0．196，相应的周限增长率(λ)为1．22，世代平均历期(T)为20．84d，净增长率(R0)为59．51．垫囊绿绵蜡蚧实验种群趋势指数(I)为59．98，在排除外界作用因子的条件下，该虫下代种群数量将为当代的59．98倍．