不同放养和管理模式对三角帆蚌生长与养殖产量的影响

2004年7月28日-10月28日在浙江省诸暨市淡水珍珠业省级科技创新服务中心枫桥实验基地通过围隔实验研究了不同放养和管理模式对1龄和2龄三角帆蚌生长与养殖产量的影响。实验中采用三种放养模式：三角帆蚌单养,三角帆蚌与鲢、鳙混养,三角帆蚌与异育银鲫混养。每种放养模式采用施肥、施肥结合投喂鱼或蚌配合饲料两种管理措施。实验开始和结束时测量三角帆蚌壳长、蚌壳宽、蚌重和鱼体重,根据蚌、鱼成活率和生长计算产量。实验结果表明：1龄和2龄三角帆蚌生长和养殖产量因放养模式而异,鱼蚌混养不仅额外获得鱼产量,同时也提高了蚌产量。两种鱼蚌混养模式相比,混养异育银鲫对1龄三角帆蚌生长较有利,混养鲢和鳙对2龄三角帆蚌生长较有利。在施肥、施肥结合投喂鱼或蚌配合饲料两种管理措施下,三角帆蚌生长和产量无明显差异。     

Virulence of the Populations of the Whitebacked Planthopper, Sogatella furcifera Reared on Different Resistant Rice Varieties

ARC and ND colony were obtained by rearing the whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera(Horvath), exclusively on ARC10239 (ARC, carrying resistance gene Wbph2) and N‘Diang Marie (ND, carrying resistance gene WbphS) till 15 generations. Taichung Native 1 (TN1) and Rathu Heenati (RHT) served as susceptible and resistant check, respectively. The results of electronic recording revealed that duration of salivation and X-waveform of the two colonies on their corresponding hosts was short while the duration of phloem ingestion was long. The amount of honeydew excreted by ARC and ND colony did not differ on their corresponding host varieties from TN1 and was much higher than that of RHT. The number of eggs laid on their host varieties and TN1 were significantly higher than that on RHT. No distinct change was observed for these two colonies in term of percentage of developed eggs. The nymph survival rate of ND colony on its selection host was 45.0%, significantly different from that on TN1(71.4%0) and RHT(21.0%), while that of ARCcolony was 68. 3%, not significantly different from that on TN1(77.5%), but much higher than that on RHT(22.6%).The nymphal development duration of these two colonies on the corresponding hosts was not different from that on TN1, but significantly shorter than that on RHT. In brief, these two colonies had almost adapted to their corresponding host varieties based on feeding and oviposition, but the nymphal survival rate of ND colony was still low.     

抗生素替代物对畜禽生产的影响研究进展

目前,许多国家均出台了相关的法律规范,开始限制或禁止使用抗生素类饲料添加剂饲喂畜禽。因此,进一步开发利用其替代品成为发展畜牧业的必然趋势,业内人士也审时度势地开展了这方面的科学试验。综述了近年来国内利用复方中草药添加剂、姜黄素、百御素、葡萄糖酸、谷氨酰胺及其组合物等分别代替抗生素饲喂肉仔鸡、仔猪的可行性与效果。结果表明,利用这些替代物质饲喂肉仔鸡和仔猪后,其表现出的生产性能和健康状况与饲喂抗生素者相当,甚至某些重要生产指标还优于抗生素组。     

清凉峰环颈雉冬季觅食地选择

2007年1月18日至2月21日,对清凉峰国家级自然保护区内的环颈雉Phasianus colchicus觅食地选择进行了研冤。使用典型样线法寻找环颈雉的觅食地,根据调查地区情况,选择可能影响环颈雉对觅食地选择各种的变量,用主成分分析确定对环颈雉觅食地选择影响大的变量类型,然后用Independent-samples t和Mann-Whitnev U检验方法分析其选择性。在实地考察中,总共发现了14个觅食地。分析发现,环颈雉偏向于选择下坡位作为它们的觅食地,在所有觅食地中占64．29％,而中上坡位仅占总数的35．71％。由于食物资源的丰富度和隐蔽条件的综合作用,环颈雉偏爱灌木和草本物种丰富度高、草本密度和草本盖度较低的栖息地中觅食,特别喜欢密灌稀草（占50．00％）。     

克氏螯虾的生物学和生态养殖模式

生物絮凝技术可以通过在养殖水体中调节碳氮比而维持良好水质,促进养殖品种健康生长,产生的生物蛋白可实现蛋白的多级利用,节约经济成本。实验从摄食环境(曝气、无曝气、水草)、摄食时间以及生物絮凝质量浓度等角度,探讨了克氏原螯虾 (Procambarus clarkii) 幼虾摄食絮凝的适宜条件。结果显示,絮凝质量浓度为500~600 mg·L^–1可满足幼虾的摄食需求,并在摄食4 h之后幼虾肠道达饱和状态。相同摄食时间,絮凝曝气组幼虾摄食量最大,显著高于水草组(P<0.05),但与无曝气组差异不显著(P>0.05),比较幼虾肠道的充塞度,可见曝气组在摄食4 h后肠道食糜较多,肠道更为饱满,优于其他各组。综合生物絮凝培养条件、水化指标以及幼虾的摄食情况,认为生物絮凝技术应用到克氏原螯虾的养殖具有可行性。     

补料对哺乳犊牛生长性能的影响

选用泌乳性能中等的当地母牛１５头和其平均出生日龄１１５天的利木赞杂一代哺乳公犊１５头。母，子牛自由采食青贮玉米结，犊牛补料配方为两种全价饲料，经７３天，补料试验，两个补料的试验组的平均日增重均显著高于不补料的对照组，其中试验１组平均日增重０．８２３ｋｇ，试验２组０．７９２ｋｇ。试验１组的平均总增重比对照组多２４．６５ｋｇ，试验２组则多２２．４５ｋｇ；试验１组的平均每ｋｇ额外增重所耗饲料２．７７ｋｇ     

家蚕种质资源品种的人工饲料摄食性研究

采用山东省蚕业研究所现有低成本人工饲料饲养本所家蚕资源品种,研究其摄食性,结果杂交种优于日系与中系,在收蚁与1龄期间是日系明显优于中系,至3龄起蚕日系的存活率也是明显高于中系,而在2龄期间存活下来的中系家蚕对人工饲料的摄食性优于日系。     

Dietary value of benthic diatoms for post-larval abalone <Emphasis Type="Italic">Haliotis diversicolor</Emphasis> associated with feeding transitions

ABSTRACT:   The feeding behavior and growth of post-larval Haliotis diversicolor with initial shell lengths (SL) of approximately 500 μm (Exp. 1-1 and 1-2), 800 μm (Exp. 2), and 1200 μm (Exp. 3) were studied in a laboratory setting while they fed on four species of benthic diatom Achnanthes longipes , Cocconeis sublittoralis , Cylindrotheca closterium , and Navicula ramosissima . Exp. 1-1 and 1-2 revealed no marked differences in post-larval growth rates (mean 24–39 μm SL/day) among the diatom species. However, marked differences in growth rates among the species were revealed in Exp. 2 and 3. Three species, A. longipes , Co. sublittoralis, and Cy. closterium , produced faster growth (Exp. 2 mean 29–51 μm/day, Exp. 3 mean 36–44 μm/day) than N. ramosissima (Exp. 2 mean 18 μm/day, Exp. 3 mean 23 μm/day). Post-larvae fed N. ramosissima had lower digestion efficiency (42.8%) than those fed other diatom species (90.7–100%). Diatom extracellular substances appeared to be principally used from post-settlement to 800 μm SL, and diatom cell contents were required to produce rapid growth of larger post-larvae (>800 μm SL). It is likely that the availability of each diatom for post-larvae was affected by diatom morphology, attachment strength, frustule strength, and post-larval size.     

Influence of feeding regime on intraspecific competition, fin damage and growth in 1+ Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar L.) held in freshwater production cages

The feeding behaviour, growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of cage‐held Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar L.) were studied when in 576 m³ (12 m × 12 m × 4 m) commercial freshwater cages under ambient water temperature (8.84±3.53°C) and photoperiod (11.02±2.05 h) for 205 days. The effect of feeding regime on fin damage was also investigated. Six groups (n=31 234±2051 fish group⁻¹, initial stocking density 1.25±0.14 kg m⁻³) were fed to satiation using either (a) an imposed regime involving scheduled, fixed ration feeding every 10 min from dawn till dusk or (b) on demand from dawn till dusk using commercial interactive feedback systems. During feeding, there were no significant differences in aggression although swimming speeds and turning angles were significantly higher in fish under the imposed regime. On‐demand feeding significantly reduced the incidence of dorsal fin damage. There was no clear relationship between fish size, feed regime and the incidence of fin damage until 1 week before the fish were transferred to marine cages, when the smallest fish under each feeding regime had the highest incidence of fin damage. Interestingly, growth did not differ between regimes, but fish under the imposed regime were significantly overfed and achieved higher FCRs.     

Nocturnal feeding reduces sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.) pellet-catching ability

European sea bass exhibits a feeding rhythm with seasonal phase inversions: nocturnal feeding is predominant in winter, and diurnal feeding during the rest of the year. This explains the increased growth of sea bass fed at night during the winter months, but to fully assess such feeding practices, it is important to monitor food-catching efficiency in the dark. To evaluate the influence of nocturnal feeding on pellet-capture efficiency under laboratory conditions, we developed an infrared pellet detector linked to on-line recording with a microcomputer. Feed waste was recorded for eight groups of four sea bass (54.6±15.8 g body weight) fed either diurnal or nocturnal meals with long (>60 s) or short (<20 s) feed availability times. With short feed availability times, food-catching efficiency in complete darkness (0 lx) was reduced to 78.6%, compared to 93.5% in diurnally fed fish. This was confirmed in a second experiment, performed during winter, involving 4000 sea bass in four sea cages (1000 per cage) provided with self-feeders and pellets detectors. Feed waste amounted to less than 13% of the food distributed, but nocturnal demands (29% of total feed demands) were accompanied by higher levels of uneaten pellets (68% of the total feed waste) than diurnal demand. This suggests that if the aim is to reduce feed waste, nocturnal feeding should be restricted in sea cages.