Effects of apple pomace‐mixed silage on growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs

We measured the growth performance and meat quality of 10 crossbred (Yorkshire × Duroc × Landrace) neutered male pigs to evaluate the effects of apple pomace‐mixed silage (APMS). The pigs were divided into two groups and were respectively fed the control feed and the AMPS ad libitum during the experiment. No difference was found in the finished body weight, average daily gain, carcass weight, back fat thickness or dressing ratio between the control and the AMPS treatments, but average dairy feed intake (dry matter) was significantly lower and feed efficiency was significantly higher using the APMS treatment (P < 0.05). With regard to meat quality, the APMS increased the moisture content but decreased the water holding capacity (P < 0.05) compared with the control treatment. Furthermore, the APMS affected the fatty acid composition of the back fat by increasing linoleic acid (C18:2n6), linolenic acid (C18:3) and arachidic acid (C20:0) levels, while decreasing palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and heptadecenoic acid (C17:1) levels, compared with the control treatment. These results indicate that feeding fermented apple pomace to finishing pigs increases the feed efficiency and affects the meat quality and fatty acid composition of back fat.     

Role of social structure in establishment of an invasive large mammal after translocation

Background

Data on the movement behavior of translocated wild pigs is needed to develop appropriate response strategies for containing and eliminating new source populations following translocation events. We conducted experimental trials to compare the home range establishment and space-use metrics, including the number of days and distance traveled before becoming range residents, for wild pigs translocated with their social group and individually.

Results

We found wild pigs translocated with their social group made less extensive movements away from the release location and established a stable home range ~5 days faster than those translocated individually. We also examined how habitat quality impacted the home range sizes of translocated wild pigs and found wild pigs maintained larger ranges in areas with higher proportion of low-quality habitat.

Conclusion

Collectively, our findings suggest translocations of invasive wild pigs have a greater probability of establishing a viable population near the release site when habitat quality is high and when released with members of their social unit compared to individuals moved independent of their social group or to low-quality habitat. However, all wild pigs translocated in our study made extensive movements from their release location, highlighting the potential for single translocation events of either individuals or groups to have far-reaching consequences within a much broader landscape beyond the location where they are released. These results highlight the challenges associated with containing populations in areas where illegal introduction of wild pigs occurs, and the need for rapid response once releases are identified. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

Evaluation of transpulmonary ultrasound dilution cardiac output in piglets: accuracy,precision and trending ability with room temperature injectate

ObjectiveTranspulmonary ultrasound dilution (TPUD) is a minimally invasive technique to measure cardiac output (CO) using a 1 mL kg^–1 isotonic 37 °C saline injectate indicator. The objective was to evaluate the performance of TPUD using a room temperature saline injectate.Study designProspective experimental trial.AnimalsA total of seven anesthetized male Yorkshire piglets.MethodsPiglets aged 1 month and weighing 7.7–9.0 kg were anesthetized with detomidine–ketamine–hydromorphone–isoflurane and a pulmonary artery flow probe (PAFP) placed via a median sternotomy. The thoracic cavity remained open during measurement of CO by PAFP and TPUD. The TPUD indicators of 1 mL kg^–1 0.9% saline at 37 °C and 20 °C were compared during infusions of phenylephrine and dobutamine, blood withdrawal and replacement. Bias, limits of agreement (LoAs) and percentage error (PE) between each iteration of PAFP and TPUD were measured with Bland–Altman plots. Trending ability via concordance, angular bias and radial LoA were compared.ResultsBland–Altman plots showed negligible bias with varying LoAs. PEs of 22% and 38% were found for 37 °C and 20 °C saline injectates, respectively. In the four-quadrant plots, the concordance rate was 94% and 100% for measurements obtained with 37 °C and 20 °C saline injectates, respectively. Angular bias for both were < ±5 °, with radial LoA < ±7 °.ConclusionsTPUD was accurate when using 1 mL kg^–1 of isotonic saline at 37 °C in a range of CO within 0.2–0.8 L minute^–1, and it reliably tracked positive and negative changes in CO. Room temperature (20 °C) indicator was less accurate but equally able to track direction of changes in CO.Clinical relevanceThe use of room temperature injectates allows an easy, readily available clinical application of TPUD CO monitoring while preserving the trending ability of the monitor.     

采用改进CenterNet模型检测群养生猪目标

为实现对群养环境下生猪个体目标快速精准的检测,该研究提出了一种针对群养生猪的改进型目标检测网络MF-CenterNet（MobileNet-FPN-CenterNet）模型,为确保目标检测的精确度,该模型首先以无锚式的CenterNet为基础结构,通过引入轻量级的MobileNet网络作为模型特征提取网络,以降低模型大小和提高检测速度,同时加入特征金字塔结构FPN（Feature Pyramid Networks）以提高模型特征提取能力,在保证模型轻量化、实时性的同时,提高遮挡目标和小目标的检测精度。该研究以某商业猪场群养生猪录制视频作为数据源,采集视频帧1 683张,经图像增强后共得到6 732张图像。试验结果表明,MF-CenterNet模型大小仅为21 MB,满足边缘计算端的部署,同时对生猪目标检测平均精确度达到94.30%,检测速度达到69 帧/s,相较于Faster-RCNN、SSD、YOLOv3、YOLOv4目标检测网络模型,检测精度分别提高了6.39%、4.46%、6.01%、2.74%,检测速度分别提高了54、47、45、43 帧/s,相关结果表明了该研究所提出的改进型的轻量级MF-CenterNet模型,能够在满足目标检测实时性的同时提高了对群养生猪的检测精度,为生产现场端的群养生猪行为实时检测与分析提供了有效方法。     

基于物联网的生猪质量安全追溯技术研究与应用

集成现代物联网技术,探索出一套符合东莞市生猪质量安全监控需求的物联网技术应用模式,并展望了农产品追溯的发展趋势。     

基于改进DeepSORT的群养生猪行为识别与跟踪方法

为改善猪只重叠与遮挡造成的猪只身份编号（Identity,ID）频繁跳变,在YOLO v5s检测算法基础上,提出了改进DeepSORT行为跟踪算法。该算法改进包括两方面：一针对特定场景下猪只数量稳定的特点,改进跟踪算法的轨迹生成与匹配过程,降低ID切换次数,提升跟踪稳定性;二将YOLO v5s检测算法中的行为类别信息引入跟踪算法中,在跟踪中实现准确的猪只行为识别。实验结果表明,在目标检测方面,YOLO v5s的mAP为99.3%,F1值为98.7%。在重识别方面,实验的Top-1准确率达到99.88%。在跟踪方面,改进DeepSORT算法的MOTA为91.9%,IDF1为89.2%,IDS为33;与DeepSORT算法对比,MOTA和IDF1分别提升了1.0、16.9个百分点,IDS下降了83.8%。改进DeepSORT算法在群养环境下能够实现稳定ID的猪只行为跟踪,能够为无接触式的生猪自动监测提供技术支持。     

血浆蛋白粉和血球蛋白粉在早期断奶仔猪日粮中的应用

综述了血浆蛋白粉和血球蛋白粉的营养特点以及在早期断奶仔猪生产中的应用效果,为这2种动物蛋白饲料的合理利用提供一定的理论基础。     

氧化应激对断奶仔猪肌体氧化还原状态的影响

本试验旨在研究氧化应激对断奶仔猪机体氧化还原状态的影响。选用24头28日龄断奶仔猪,随机分为3个处理组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头猪,采用单因子试验设计。基础日粮为玉米-豆粕型,以饲喂基础日粮为对照组,饲喂氧化鱼油和腹腔介入12mg/kg体重敌草快(Diquat)为应激组,试验期26d。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,氧化鱼油和Diquat都造成了脾脏损伤,使脾脏和胸腺指数降低(P<0.05);(2)饲喂氧化鱼油显著增加了脾脏MDA(丙二醛)含量(P<0.05),降低血浆抑制羟基自由基的能力(P<0.05),极显著降低脾脏GST(谷光苷肽-S转移酶)的活力(P<0.01),降低血浆中SOD(超氧化物岐化酶)、GSH-PX(谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶)的活性(P<0.01)和抑制羟基自由基的能力(P<0.05);(3)Diquat极显著增加脾脏MDA的含量(P<0.01),降低脾脏GST的含量(P<0.01),降低血浆中SOD、GSH-PX的活性和抑制羟基自由基的能力(P<0.01),提高MDA的含量(P<0.01)。氧化鱼油和Diquat可诱导断奶仔猪产生氧化应激,并导致了脾脏和胸腺的氧化损伤。     

多重线性回归法测定猪内源磷排泄量及饲料磷真消化率的研究

本研究旨在采用多重线性回归法测定生长猪内源磷排泄量及高粱和豆粕中磷的真消化率。试验选用6头健康大白×长白阉公猪为消化试验动物,平均体重为(23.6±1.23)kg。采用6×6拉丁方设计,设6个磷水平(0.08%、0.15%、0.23%、0.30%、0.38%、0.53%),以豆粕、葡萄糖、玉米淀粉等为基础,以高粱和豆粕为磷唯一来源,配制半纯合试验饲粮。饲粮中添加0.35%Cr2O3作为外源指示剂。试验分6个试验期,每期8d,其中6d适应期,2d收粪期。饲粮中磷表观消化率受饲粮中磷水平的影响(P<0.05),并随饲粮中磷水平的提高由14.88%增大至34.88%。在以g/kgDMI为计量单位条件下,生长猪粪磷的排出量与饲粮磷的摄入量呈线性关系(P=0.0001)。结果表明,多重线性回归法可用于生长猪内源磷排泄量和植物性饲料磷真消化率的测定;以豆粕-高粱型模型饲粮测定出生长猪内源磷排泄量为0.2940g/kgDMI,高粱中磷的真消化率为56.05%,豆粕中磷的真消化率为39.41%。