无轴式喷水推进泵的水动力特性

为提高现有SDPM-450型喷水推进泵的水动力特性,提出了无轴式喷水推进泵的理念.采用齿轮轮缘驱动结构代替原有的皮带轮--驱动轴传动结构,避免了驱动轴对泵进流场的扰动作用.应用商业CFD软件分别对无轴式喷水推进泵和原模型进行三维建模和数值计算,围绕理论、内部流动和推进性能3个方面进行水动力特性研究.对比分析表明:驱动轴的摒弃降低了进水流道的损失系数和伴流系数,减小了不均匀进流对喷水推进泵速度场的扰动,进而加强了喷水推进泵的过流能力和做功能力;无轴式结构增强了喷水推进器的推进性能,在高航速区间内尤为明显,推力增大了20%,推进效率提高了15%;高效区间向高航速方向延伸,船舶的航行范围得以拓宽,平均增幅为3~5节.因此,无轴式喷水推进器结构上具有可行性,水动力特性上具有优越性,该研究为喷水推进装置的未来发展提供了一个方向.     

沙土冬闲田种植青饲黑麦的可行性分析

在对沙地种植黑麦的方式，利用效益及增产技术进行研究的基础上，对沙土冬闲地的利用现状，存在问题及种植青饲黑麦的实际效益与可行性进行了分析，以期为其推广应用提供依据。     

麦田土壤中抗铅菌株筛选及其吸附特性的研究

为研究铅污染土壤中微生物对重金属铅的耐受性及去除效果,从铅污染土壤中分离、筛选出2株抗铅菌株(BY-10和FB-6),研究其对铅的吸附特性、最佳生长条件,并对其进行鉴定。结果表明:菌株BY-10和FB-6分别为蜡状芽孢杆菌和团青霉。它们对铅的耐受质量浓度分别高达1 700,2 500 mg/L。菌株的生长条件范围较广,蜡状芽孢杆菌最适温度为35℃,团青霉最适温度为30℃;最适p H值均为7;最适装液量均为80~100 m L(250 m L摇瓶)。在初始铅质量浓度为0~600 mg/L内,随着浓度增加,菌株生长逐渐减缓,在≥400 mg/L的铅培养液中,团青霉与蜡状芽孢杆菌相比对铅的耐受性较强。在铅质量浓度一定时,随着生长时间的延长,菌株对铅的吸附率表现出先增大后减小的趋势,生物吸附量表现出同样趋势。而生长时间一定时,随着铅质量浓度的不断升高,菌株的吸附率逐渐降低,生物吸附量呈上升趋势。在铅质量浓度为150 mg/L时,蜡状芽孢杆菌和团青霉对铅的去除率达到最大,分别为66.25%和74.88%。     

铅在砂壤水稻土/水稻体系中污染效应及累积规律的研究

通过盆栽试验,研究了吉林省砂壤水稻土中铅地水稻的毒性效应及在土壤／２体系中的残留积累规律。结果表明：土壤中添加铅１８０～７２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ条件下,对水稻生长的毒害作用不大。可使水稻减产２％～１７％。水稻各器官铅累积量随土壤中铅浓度的增加而增加,其分布规律为：根〉〉茎叶〉糙米。以食品卫生标准为依据,计算出砂壤水稻土中铅的全量、提取量毒性临界值分别为２４１ｍｇ／ｋｇ和４９ｍｇ／ｋｇ。     

Study on Taste Quality of Post-drying Paddy

The degradation mechanism of post-paddy was studied. The higher is the paddy drying temperature,the faster is the drying rate. If the drying temperature exceed 45℃ ,the rice taste ratio is quickly decrease. When drying temperature exceeds 45℃ ,chaos arrangement starch and hard to dissolved cell wall and starch granular will appear inside rice. With drying temperature increasing, the fat acid content of rice increases,results in a higher degree of rice aging and restrains starch gelatinizing. Those are essence factor which lead to post-drying rice taste decrease. In order to protect post-drying rice taste quality, drying temperature for paddy should below 45℃.     

野生朱红硫磺菌驯化栽培研究

营养试验、菌丝体培养和出菇温度试验、培养基酸碱度试验、出菇条件试验结果表明：朱红硫磺菌菌丝体适宜生长的温度范围为15-32℃，最适温度范围为22～28℃；子实体发生的最适温度为16～25℃，气温低于16℃，子实体色泽为淡橙色，16℃以上，子实体呈鲜橙红色；培养料适宜营养C／N为20-26／1；朱红硫磺菌菌丝体适宜酸碱度范围为pH3．0～8．0，最适酸碱度为pH4．0—6．5；朱红硫磺菌的产量与光照条件无关，但光照强度影响子实体的发生时间和色泽；朱红硫磺菌栽培原料广泛，凡栽培木腐菌的培养料均可用于栽培朱红硫磺菌。     

牵引式红枣残枝粉碎机的设计与试验

红枣残枝粉碎还田是目前亟待解决的问题。为此,设计了一种牵引式红枣残枝粉碎机,通过对辊破碎和动定刀粉碎共同作用实现粉碎效果。对破碎辊轴、粉碎主轴的转速和功率等参数进行了详细阐述,规范了动刀在主轴上的排布方式,选用双螺旋式刀具排布,确保同一时刻有且仅有两个动刀同时工作,有效降低了振动和机组动力损耗,提高了工作效率。运用ANSYS软件对主轴进行了静力学分析及模态分析,得出了应力应变图及粉碎主轴前6阶固有频率和振型图。应力应变图表明:最大应力为8.3326 MPa,最大变形量为0.017419 mm,参考材料特性,主轴强度满足设计要求,故主轴设计合理、安全。模态分析结果表明:最低固有频率为98.286Hz,所对应的临界转速5897 r/min远大于初定主轴转速2000 r/min,因此在工作中主轴转动时不会产生共振现象。样机试验结果表明:粉碎机工作生产率为817.67kg/h,吨功耗为49.06kW/h,噪声为95.3dB,粉碎粒度合格率为86.97%,可以实现连续稳定运作,粉碎粒度符合还田技术要求。     

Predicting field performance using seedling quality assessment

Seedling quality is defined as fitness for purpose. Attributes for assessing seedling quality are grouped in material attributes that can be rapidly assessed by any number of direct or indirect methods, and performance attributes that are assessed by subjecting whole seedlings to certain environmental regimes and evaluating their growth response. Material attributes comprising morphology, bud dormancy, water relations and nutrition and performance attributes comprising frost hardiness, vigour and root growth potential are discussed with regard to relevance for predicting field performance. Measurement techniques and relevance in assessing seedling quality are presented for different physiological attributes: electrolyte leakage, enzymatic activity, water potential, water conductance, mineral nutrition, food reserves, mitotic index, gas exchange, chlorophyll content, plant growth regulators, stress-induced volatile emission, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Methods with future potential in improving the prediction of field performance are identified and discussed. The methods presented in this respect are chlorophyll fluorescence, infrared thermography, machine vision systems, integrated approaches and ecophysiological evaluations.