Equine hospital data as a source for study of prevalence and heritability of osteochondrosis and palmar/plantar osseous fragments of Swedish Warmblood horses

Reasons for performing study: Disturbances in skeletal development, primarily osteochondrosis (OC) and palmar/plantar osseous fragments (POF), have been commonly reported as problems in young horses. However, there are few reports of such findings for epidemiological analyses or breeding purposes. Objectives: To evaluate equine hospital data as a possible source of information for genetic evaluations by estimating prevalence and heritability of OC in the stifle, hock and fetlock joints and of POF in the fetlock. Methods: Data on Swedish Warmblood (SWB) horses were obtained from a large equine hospital in south Sweden. Prevalences were based on radiographic examinations of 879 screened horses, mainly evaluated as part of a prepurchase examination and 3639 horses with a reported history of orthopaedic problems. For the heritability study the 2 data sources were pooled and 3199 examined horses with pedigree information were considered for the linear animal model analyses. Results: The overall prevalence of OC was 13% (stifle 9%, hock 6% and dorsal osseous fragments in fetlock [DOF] 10%) and POF 10%. The overall heritability of OC was 0.05 on the visible binomial scale. The corresponding heritabilities for OC in the stifle were 0.03, hock 0.08, DOF 0.10 and POF 0.13. These values correspond to heritabilities of 0.09–0.38 on the underlying quantitative scale. Conclusions and potential relevance: Obtained prevalences and heritabilities were in accordance with other studies, supporting the hypothesis that data regularly obtained from equine hospitals may be a valuable source in studies of inherited disorders such as OC and POF. There is a need for more standardised documentation of diagnoses and consistent recording of identity of examined horses using passports or breed databases. Compilation of results from major clinics is desired in order to cover most progenies of stallions used in a region or nation.     

多花黑麦草品种间杂交F2代分子标记遗传分析

运用序列相关扩增多态性(SRAP)和微卫星标记(SSR)技术对6个多花黑麦草亲本品种及其9个杂交F₂代组合80份材料进行遗传分析。筛选出具有多态性的15对SRAP引物、16对SSR引物,SRAP标记平均每对引物扩增出16.7条带,多态性位点百分率为68.88％。SSR标记平均每对引物扩增出14.75条带,多态性位点百分率为58.05％。通过聚类树状图分析得出结论,杂交F₂代内同一组合基本聚为一类,长江2号×剑宝和长江2号×阿伯德组合除外;父本和母本与其杂交F₂代遗传距离与聚类结果基本一致。同时还发现SRAP标记对杂交F₂代及亲代聚类分析可靠性高于SSR标记。     

基于SRAP分子标记构建的菊苣遗传连锁图谱

基于SRAP标记,以遗传关系和表型差异大的菊苣亲本PI 651947和PI 652007杂交获得的84个F₁单株为作图群体,进行连锁图谱的构建。采用Map Manager QTX b20软件进行连锁分析,分别构建了PI 651947和PI 652007的分子连锁框架图,共获得77个SRAP标记,其中父本遗传图谱涉及4个连锁群,包含19个标记,图谱总长为450.9 cM,标记间平均图距为23.7 cM。母本遗传图谱涉及13个连锁群,包含58个标记,图谱总长为1404.8 cM,标记间平均图距为24.2 cM。研究结果可为菊苣重要农艺性状QTL定位奠定基础,为菊苣分子育种研究提供了基础信息。     

陇东地方牛种遗传多样性研究

对陇东地方牛种及其与秦川牛和南德温牛杂交群体共计113个个体线粒体D-loop区461 bp序列进行多态性分析,结果表明,3个群体该区域A+T含量(64.2%)明显高于G+C含量(35.8%),表现出明显的碱基偏倚;3个群体核苷酸变异率介于0.42%和3.27%之间,陇东牛和南德温牛杂交群体核苷酸变异率最高;核苷酸变异类型以转换为主,转换占核苷酸多态位点的90.94%,其次为颠换,占4.59%,同样表现出明显的碱基替换偏倚;3个群体核苷酸岐异度介于0.008 95和0.029 06之间,遗传距离介于0.000 15和0.008 36之间,陇东地方牛及其与秦川牛的杂交群体核苷酸歧异度和遗传距离最小。     

8个微卫星座位在海北金银滩藏羊群体中的多态性分析

研究旨在分析金银滩藏羊的微卫星DNA多态性,以期了解该品种的遗传多样性,为该品种的保种选育和品质的进一步提高提供有益资料。利用8对微卫星引物,以金银滩藏羊为研究对象,通过计算基因频率、多态性信息含量、有效等位基因数和杂合度,评估其品种内的遗传变异。结果表明：在8个微卫星座位中,共检测到83个等位基因,每个座位平均10.38个等位基因;平均杂合度0.893;平均有效等位基因数9.06;平均多态性信息含量0.871。结果提示,金银滩藏羊群体存在丰富的遗传多样性,所选微卫星标记可用于绵羊遗传多样性评估。     

遗传算法优化超声辅助低共熔溶剂提取红枣总黄酮工艺研究

本文采用一种新型绿色溶剂提取红枣总黄酮,并对其提取工艺进行优化.通过单因素试验探究含水量、超声功率、提取时间、提取温度和料液比对红枣总黄酮得率的影响.在此基础上,采用遗传算法优化超声辅助低共熔溶剂提取红枣总黄酮工艺.结果表明:超声辅助低共熔溶剂提取红枣总黄酮最优的工艺参数为:含水量37％、超声功率167 W、提取时间3...     

基因2型猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的遗传变异与演化

作为一种RNA病毒,猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)极易变异,具有快速演化且易与其他毒株发生重组的特性,不同PRRSV毒株又存在着明显的致病性表型差异,异源毒株间交叉保护较差,这也是迄今为止PRRSV未得到有效控制的最主要的原因之一,PRRSV给全球养猪业带来了不可估量的经济损失。自上世纪80年代发现以来,基因2型PRRSV不断变异与演化,根据ORF5基因遗传进化分析,其被划分为9个谱系,我国主要以谱系1,3,5,8为主。本文从自然流行毒株、疫苗演化毒株、重组毒株3个方面对基因2型PRRSV的遗传变异与演化进行了综述,以期为PRRSV分子流行病学的研究及其免疫防控提供参考依据。     

鸡源致病性奇异变形杆菌的分离鉴定与遗传进化分析

为了解鸡源奇异变形杆菌的耐药情况、致病力和遗传特征,本试验从凉山地区分离得到2株细菌（YLF1、WS）,通过培养特征、镜检特征和16S rRNA序列测定对分离菌进行鉴定及致病性试验;采用（K-B）法检测分离菌对14种常用抗生素（包括β-内酰胺类、头孢烯类、氨基糖苷类、四环素类、氟喹诺酮类、大环内酯类）的敏感性;并与GenBank中公布的21种不同来源的变形杆菌16S rRNA基因序列进行遗传进化分析。结果表明,YLF1、WS菌株均具有迁徙性和β-溶血生长特征,镜检为革兰氏阴性长短不一的杆菌或球菌,经16S rRNA基因鉴定与GenBank中奇异变形杆菌同源性均在99%以上,YLF1、WS菌株确定为奇异变形杆菌,均表现为多重耐药,耐药率分别为78.6%（11/14）和71.4%（10/14）;雏鸡致死率均为80%;YLF1、WS菌株与日本人体分离株、中国新疆黄牛分离株和中国广东土壤分离株同源性最高,达99.9%;与来自中国河南、中国新疆及印度的鸡源奇异变形杆菌同源性较高（98.9%~99.3%）,遗传关系密切。表明凉山地区鸡群中存在奇异变形杆菌感染,分离株有较高的致病力和较强的耐药性,也提示分离菌可能来源于环境、感染鸡或其他动物,同时存在人畜共患的潜在危险。     

An insight into population structure and gene flow within pure‐bred cats

Investigation of genetic structure on the basis of pedigree information requires indicators adapted to the specific context of the populations studied. On the basis of pedigree‐based estimates of diversity, we analysed genetic diversity, mating practices and gene flow among eight cat populations raised in France, five of them being single breeds and three consisting of breed groups with varieties that may interbreed. When computed on the basis of coancestry rate, effective population sizes ranged from 127 to 1406, while the contribution of founders from other breeds ranged from 0.7 to 16.4%. In the five breeds, F_IS ranged between 0.96 and 1.83%, with this result being related to mating practices such as close inbreeding (on average 5% of individuals being inbred within two generations). Within the three groups of varieties studied, F_IT ranged from 1.59 to 3%, while values were estimated between 0.04 and 0.91%, which was linked to various amounts of gene exchanges between subpopulations at the parental level. The results indicate that cat breeds constitute populations submitted to low selection intensity, contrasting with relatively high individual inbreeding level caused by close inbreeding practices.     

畜禽DNA指纹的研究与应用

综述了ＤＮＡ指纹技术的原理，方法，以及在个体（品种）鉴别，亲缘关系分析，群体遗传变异分析，连锁分析等方面的研究进展。