实广义正定矩阵的若干性质

矩阵∈AR~(n×n)称为实广义正定矩阵,如果对任意非零向量 X∈R~n,有XTAX>0成立。本文讨论了矩阵的kronecker积。Hadamard积和矩阵乘积的正定性,给出相应一些性质。     

用高斯展开法数值求解薛定谔方程的M a t h e m a t i c a实现及算法分析

基于两体束缚问题的数值求解,给出了在Mathematica 5.0中求解广义矩阵本征值方法的两种程序方案与高斯基个数及形状的关联.以氢原子和Cornell势场下粲偶素为例,讨论了高斯基空间的选择,并得到符合标准能谱及波函数的数值计算结果.     

巴拿赫空间中广义向量F的隐互补类问题

在一些恰当的假设条件下,利用Fan-KKM定理研究了巴拿赫空间中一类新的广义向量F的隐互补类问题及与其相关的一类广义向量F的隐变分类不等式问题,证明了在巴拿赫空间中这两类问题在一定条件下的等价性,利用这一等价性也证明了解的存在性定理.     

Predicting summer fin whale distribution in the Pelagos Sanctuary (north-western Mediterranean Sea) to identify dynamic whale–vessel collision risk areas

1. Mediterranean fin whales aggregating in the Pelagos Sanctuary in summer to feed are exposed to vessel collision risk, particularly from high-speed ferries.
2. This study developed models to predict summer fin whale distribution using a generalized additive model (GAM) and MaxEnt, with the aim of providing a tool to identify potential high whale–ferry collision risk areas along ferry routes within the Pelagos Sanctuary during summertime.
3. Models were trained using sightings data collected in the summer months of 2009–2018 on board ferries crossing the central area of the Pelagos Sanctuary. Environmental predictors were bathymetry and mean sea surface chlorophyll concentration of the annual spring bloom period.
4. The predictive ability of GAM and MaxEnt was assessed using existing knowledge of summer fin whale distribution in the region. GAM (deviance explained = 20.2%) predictions matched documented distributions more closely than that of MaxEnt, with highest predicted fin whale occurrence in deep offshore waters (>2000 m) encompassing the central north-western and western regions, and in the south-eastern region, consistent with known fin whale habitats within the Pelagos Sanctuary. Inter-annual variability was evident, influencing collision risk areas.
5. Collision risk was estimated as a function of the overlap between the predicted probability of fin whale occurrence and ferry density estimated from Automated Identification System data. Ferry routes that cross the northern and eastern regions of the Pelagos Sanctuary presented relatively higher collision risk.
6. Areas with changes in risk intensity between the years were temporally and spatially dynamic: some appeared intermittently throughout the study period while others persisted over consecutive years or recurred in different years.
7. Due to the vastness of the Pelagos Sanctuary, vessel speed reduction maybe a more practical measure to manage collision risk than re-routing shipping lanes. A combination of Seasonal Management Areas and Dynamic Management Areas approaches could be adopted for high-risk areas.

     

古尔班通古特沙漠南缘固定沙丘上土壤水分与地形-植被因子的关系

土壤水分是干旱和半干旱生态系统格局和过程的主要驱动力,地形-植被因子是小尺度上影响土壤水分的主要因子。以古尔班通古特沙漠南缘北沙窝附近固定沙丘上不同深度的土壤水分(表层0-40 cm、中层40-200 cm、深层200-300 cm和整体0-300 cm)作为研究对象,利用广义线性模型(GLM)、广义加性模型(GAM)和随机森林(RF)模型研究了土壤水分与地形-植被因子之间的关系和变化规律。结果表明:(1)不同深度的土壤水分均呈现一致的单峰分布,不同深度土壤水分的大小顺序为深层>中层>表层,且两两之间具有显著差异。(2)GLM和GAM模型得到的影响不同深度土壤水分的植被和地形因子完全相同,RF模型的精度优于GLM和GAM模型。(3)地形因子海拔、坡度、高差和植被因子灌木多度与其影响的不同深度的土壤水分呈负相关关系,地形因子坡向(规定正东方向为0,顺时针旋转)和植被因子生物量与其影响的土壤水分呈正相关关系。植被因子草本盖度与表层土壤水分呈正相关关系,与中层土壤水分呈负相关关系。研究结果可为研究区制定相应的防风固沙措施以及建立科学合理的植物固沙模式提供理论参考。     

新一轮最低收购价政策调整对稻谷生产的影响研究——基于广义合成控制法的分析

在当前世界百年未有之大变局和中华民族伟大复兴战略全局两个“大局”下,国内粮食支持保护政策面临新的要求和挑战。自2015年国家开启新一轮最低收购价政策改革以来,政策连续调整对我国稻谷生产及粮食安全带来的影响值得关注。本文聚焦新发展阶段最低收购价政策调整的背景,基于2004—2019年全国省级面板数据,采用广义合成控制法,分析新一轮政策调整对稻谷播种面积、单产及产量影响的作用机理与政策效应。研究结果表明：新一轮政策调整对稻谷播种面积有显著的负向影响,且政策作用效果具有明显的区域异质性,对稻谷产量波动产生一定的风险。进一步分析发现,在最低收购价格不再连续上调的压力下,稻谷播种面积出现明显调减,产量增加主要依赖于单产提升。因此,需关注本轮政策调整的影响及风险,在保持国内最低收购价政策基本框架稳定的前提下,坚持循序渐进主原则和市场调节主方向,进一步推动政策改革深化,同时完善配套支持政策,加强生物育种和科技创新,牢牢守住国家粮食安全的底线。     

The mechanism and heterogeneity of environmental regulations' impact on the technological progress of dairy farming

The study analyses the theoretical mechanism through which environmental regulation affects the dairy industry's technological progress, with a particular focus on how the effect is conditional on farm size. Using the input–output data of dairy farms of different sizes from 2009 to 2019 in 10 Chinese provinces/autonomous regions in China and the quantitative measurement index of environmental regulation, the study estimates environmental regulation's heterogeneous influences on the dairy industry's technological progress by dynamic panel data models. The empirical results suggest that, first, environmental regulation has a U-type influence on the technological progress of dairy farming. The U-type influence means moving from pollution control's high cost and low technology progress to the high profit and high innovation input generated by optimizing the breeding structure. Second, the promotion of dairy farming technology depends on farm size. The effect of environmental regulation on technological progress in moderately large-farms showed a U-type relationship. In contrast, the effect in free-range and large-size dairy farms showed a linear and positive relationship. The government should further strengthen environmental regulation based on advancing moderately large-farms in compliance with market mechanisms in the long run. Particular attention should be paid to the forms of environmental regulation so that dairy cattle breeding technology can break through the inflection point of the “U” curve as soon as possible and ensure the significance of the rising stage. Along the way, technical support should be provided for realizing environmental protection and economic growth.     

Accelerated Generalized Minimal Residual Algorithm

This paper studies the fundamental theory of the generalized minimal residual algorithm(GMRES(m))in Krylov subspace and specially the relationship between residual vector and Krylov subspace.The relationship of the algorithm convergence and the subspace be selected is further researched according the linear system about residual vector.It is posed that the convergence can be slowed down because there are so many very small eigenvalue in magnitude.And a accelerated method(AGMRES(m)) is proposed to improve the convergence of the GMRES(m).Theoretical analysis and numerical results show the reliability and efficiency of the algorithm.     

土壤化学中的广义氧化还原反应

 土壤化学中的酸碱反应、沉淀溶解反应、配位反应和氧化还原反应都属于广义氧化还原反应。土壤化学反应中的某些性质可用广义氧化还原理论给出新的解释。     

利用广义不确定关系计算Vaidya-Bonner黑洞的熵

利用广义不确定关系计算量子态数目，进而计算Vaidya-Bonner黑洞的熵,此方法与brick-wall模型相比，优点为不必引入截断因子，就避免了发散问题。