蜗壳断面面积变化规律对双吸离心泵水力性能的影响

针对某泵站S700-500-730型双吸离心泵运行时引发的断轴问题,采用CFD数值模拟方法,通过与蜗壳断面面积线性变化规律(以下简称L-规律)进行对比,分析了原型泵采用的蜗壳断面面积变化规律(以下简称Y-规律)对水力性能以及径向力的影响.结果表明:在定常工况下,2种规律的双吸离心泵在设计工况下水力性能相近,相较于L-规律方案,采用Y-规律设计的蜗壳作用在叶轮上的径向力增大高达24.77%;在非设计工况下,相较于L-规律方案,采用Y-规律设计的蜗壳水力性能更加优越,但是作用在叶轮上的径向力要高于采用L-规律方案时作用在叶轮上的径向力;在非定常工况下,Y-规律方案的脉动幅值以及高频脉动都要比采用L-规律方案设计时明显得多.蜗壳断面面积变化规律对作用在叶轮上的径向力影响显著.研究结果可为解决由于径向力过大导致断轴问题提供一定的理论依据.     

齿轮泵齿轮基本参数的优化设计

在分析齿轮泵各性能指标的基础上，构建了一个多目标离散变量优化设计数学模型，并综合应用约束变尺度法ＣＶＭＯＬ和离散变量复合形法ＭＤＣＰ两种优化方法，解决了求解离散变量最优化问题。通过对引进新产品ＱＣ１６／１７型齿轮动力油泵进行优化后发现：优化结果与泵的实际参数很吻合。     

水流泵少齿差行星增速器的改进研究

在利用常见少齿差行星传动优点的基础上，提出了限制行星轮自转运动的Ｘ－Ｙ型行星增速传动方案．通过传动分析，说明该方案具有承载能力强，运转平稳，且适于高增速传动的优点，有效地解决了ＢＯＲＤＡ泵（水流泵）增速器部件改进设计的关键问题．     

浙江省小型建网渔具渔法调查分析

于2010年1-6月对浙江省小型建网渔具渔法进行了初步的调查。调查结果表明：浙江省小型建网主体结构一致,由墙网、网圈、升网、网囊、倒网和附属渔具组成;小型建网在温州市、台州市、宁波市和舟山市均有分布;渔获物多为岩礁鱼类。     

球磨机齿轮传动的可靠性优化设计

本文将球磨机齿轮传动的设计变量处理成随机变量，将可靠度做为设计变量的约束条件，建立了球磨机齿轮传动的可靠性优化设计的数学模型，并以齿轮传动的体积最小为目标圆柱齿轮传动进行了优化，结果表明，模型是准确可靠的。     

海南“石斑鱼苗网”渔具属性辨析

对在2004年7~8月间南海区小型海洋渔具渔法调查中发现的“石斑鱼苗网”的渔具结构、属性、性能和管理进行了分析讨论,研究认为“石斑鱼苗网”属于敷网类,网团型,延绳式。对石斑鱼苗有良好的诱捕效果,从保护资源的角度出发,应对其实施规范管理。     

Non-commercial invertebrate discards in an experimental trammel net fishery

Abstract  Non-commercial invertebrate discards in an experimental trammel net fishery were studied in relation to selectivity of the gear, depth, soak time and season. Forty experimental fishing trials were carried out over a 1-year period with six combinations of small mesh (100, 120 and 140 mm) inner and large mesh (600 and 800 mm) outer panels. On average, 43.8 ± 12.2 (SD) (individuals 1000 m⁻¹ of net) of non-commercial invertebrates were discarded, accounting for 48% and 65% of the total catch and total discards by numbers, respectively. Within non-commercial invertebrates discards, the six most abundant species by number were Phallusia mammillata (Cuvier) (27.5%), Cymbium olla (L.) (13.0%), Sphaerechinus granularis (Lamarck) (11.3%), Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck) (10.9%), Astropartus mediterraneus (Risso) (8.2%) and Astropecten aranciacus (L.) (8.1%); Echinoderms (43.1%) particularly important. The highest and lowest discard ratios were found in autumn and winter, respectively. Discards generally decreased with depth, varied considerably in relation to soak time and were not related to mesh size combinations. Trammel nets seem to be the most important gear in terms of ecological impacts on benthic invertebrates compared with other coastal fishing gears and at the depths studied (15–60 m).     

Reflections on the influence of a synthesis of circle‐hook evidence on the angling community and conservation policy and practice

1. Understanding how different forms of environmental evidence inform the actions of different stakeholders is useful to improve how we share knowledge with knowledge users. Reflections on a literature review that we published in 2004 on circle hooks as a tool for fish conservation in the recreational fishing sector identified a number of ways in which that synthesis was influential.
2. The article has had direct influence on policy and regulations in a number of countries, but there were even more examples of where the article has been used to influence voluntary guidelines. The article also contributed to formally defining circle hooks, which was necessary from a regulatory and enforcement perspective.
3. The recreational fishing community has also embraced the work, with numerous angling articles based on the literature review appearing in the media and with some angler organizations pushing for the adoption of circle hooks. The fishing tackle industry has also responded with evidence that circle hooks are now more widely available in stores with more hook design options to suit diverse recreational fisheries. In addition, the influence of the article has extended beyond the recreational sector to commercial fishery issues that span several taxa. The research agenda from the article helped to direct research for more than a decade and has since been updated.
4. Overall, this review was timely in that it provided various knowledge users with credible information synthesized in a thoughtful manner at a time when there was interest and need in exploring circle hooks as a tool to enhance the conservation of angled fish. Although this was not a systematic review, it still served as a form of evidence synthesis that gave diverse knowledge users information to guide them in their decisions.

     

锥齿轮齿顶修缘技术研究及应用

针对现有锥齿轮齿顶修缘人工打磨方法效率低、一致性差以及专用机床柔性差、调整困难等问题,研究一套锥齿轮齿顶修缘技术,对现有加工中心进行改造,设计合理的刀具、夹具,制定合理的工艺参数,选择典型的锥齿轮零件进行齿顶修缘工艺试验,将修缘误差控制在0.3mm内。该技术具有新颖性、创造性和实用性的特点,具有推广应用价值。     

中隔墩长度对斜式轴伸泵装置出水流道水力特性的影响

为研究大型低扬程泵站斜式出水流道水力特性,采用数值模拟方法对某斜20°轴伸泵装置三维湍流流场进行了数值计算,发现斜式出水流道内存在严重的偏流问题,基于4种计算方案的数值模拟结果分析了偏流的成因,在研究了中隔墩长度对斜式出水流道流态和水头损失影响的基础上提出了解决偏流的措施,并得到模型试验的验证。研究结果表明:顺水流方向看,中隔墩长度为14 m时的斜式出水流道内的主流明显偏于左侧,在流道右侧下部存在较大范围的旋涡区;导叶体出口具有较大周向速度分量的水流呈螺旋状进入"S"形弯曲的斜式出水流道,两者相互作用导致斜式出水流道产生偏流;随着中隔墩长度的增加,斜式出水流道左右孔的偏流系数逐渐减小、流道水头损失呈先减小再增大趋势,当中隔墩加长至23.35m时出水流道左右两侧的出流流量达到基本相等;采用长中隔墩斜式出水流道的泵装置模型试验最优工况点效率达到80.56%,泵装置模型试验结果与数值模拟结果一致,取得了预期的纠偏效果,得到有关工程设计院的认可,并应用于工程实际。