人类活动对湟水流域生态环境的影响

湟水流域属青藏高原同黄土高原的过渡带，是青海省经济、文化最发达的地区，也是近代青藏高原受人为经济活动影响最强烈的地区之一。由于流域的社会经济活动急剧发展，人口剧增，人类活动不断加强和扩大，使这里脆弱的生态环境发生了重大变化，表现为：现代工业的产生，工业污染日趋严重；湟水径流量逐年减少；工业用水比重逐渐增大；水上流失严重；区域小气候环境恶性化；灌区灌排不平衡，地下水位上升；生物种群和数量急剧减少；人口与资源的矛盾日趋尖锐。湟水流域的环境问题提醒我们，在我国生态环境脆弱的西部高原地区，必须高度重视资源和环境的保护，做到人口、经济、资源、环境的协调发展。     

Development of novel pesticides based on phytoalexins: Part 2. Quantitative structure-activity relationships of 2-heteroaryl-4-chromanone derivatives

Phytoalexins are low-molecular-weight chemicals that immune systems of plants produce and accumulate in response to infections, especially those of fungal origin. Although their content is not high in plants, yet they have shown unique fungicidal activity and played an important role in the defence system of plants. In searching for novel environmentally benign fungicides with high activity, the structures of flavanone derivatives, one of the most important phytoalexins groups, have been modified via bioisosteric substitution and a series of 2-heteroaryl-4-chromanones were designed and synthesized. They showed good fungicidal activities against rice blast disease, Pyricularia grisea (Sacc). Their IC50 values were tested in vitro and the relationship between structure and fungicidal activity was analyzed quantitatively using a Hansch-Fujita approach. The results showed that hydrophobicity was very important for fungicidal activity and there is apparently an optimum hydrophobic property for the molecules at a log Pow value of about 2.7. In addition, the results indicated that electronic effects played an important role in binding with the receptor and that the C=O group was probably a electron-accepting site. The quantitative structure-retention correlative equation of the title compounds was also established.     

白头翁药理作用研究进展

综述了白头翁抗肿瘤、增强免疫功能、抗炎、抗病原微生物、抗寄生虫、保肝及毒性等方面的药理作用。     

抑菌霉素A17对12种病原真菌及3种害虫的生物活性

从稀有放线菌7310菌株的发酵菌丝中经溶媒萃取和硅胶柱层析初步分离出来一种活性成分，经结构鉴定为新结构化合物——抑茵霉素A17。抑茵霉素A17杀虫活性结果表明，对家蝇具有很强的杀虫活性，其LC50值仅为1．56μg／ml，并能在较短的时间内击倒供试虫体；对菜粉蝶和小菜蛾幼虫也具有较强的杀虫活性，LC50值分别为106．27和172．9μg／ml。以常见的12种病原真菌作为供试菌，在室内进行了抑菌霉素A17抑菌活性的定性及定量分析，结果表明抑菌霉素A17硅胶层析粗提物对12种供试真菌中的甘薯软腐病病菌、柑桔酸腐病病菌、桃黑星病病菌、番茄早疫病病菌、番茄芽枝病病菌、莴苣菌核病病菌、荔枝霜霉病病菌、炭疽菌、弯孢霉、拟茎点霉和果腐葡萄孢的菌丝生长有明显的抑制作用，其中对拟茎点霉的活性最强，抑制中浓度仅为0．1μg／ml。     

7种植物精油对番茄灰霉病的抑制效果

以番茄灰霉病菌为供试对象,系统测试了香茅油、柠檬草油、樟油、黄樟油、天然冬青油、山苍子油、肉桂油等7种植物精油的抑菌效果。结果表明:7种精油中,樟油和肉桂油对番茄灰霉病的抑制效果较好。离体活性测试中,樟油和肉桂油对番茄灰霉病菌菌丝生长抑制作用的EC50分别为126.6205mg/L和128.1587mg/L,对孢子萌发的EC₅₀分别为181.8763mg/L和228.5453mg/L;活体组织法测试表明,2种精油对番茄灰霉病具有较好的保护效果,在500mg/L浓度下,黄瓜子叶法防效均达100%,果实针刺法防效分别为52.42%和50.48%;盆栽试验表明两者在2000mg/L时,对番茄灰霉病的防效分别为59.65%和61.40%。     

Restoration and stress relief through physical activities in forests and parks

A field survey assessed the restorative effects of visiting an urban forest and a city park in Zurich, Switzerland. Respondents rated their headaches, level of stress, and how balanced they felt both prior to visiting the outdoor location and at the time of being interviewed. Suffering from headaches and stress decreased significantly, and feeling well-balanced increased significantly. The recovery ratio for stress was 87%, and the reduction in headaches was 52%, in terms of the possible improvements on five-point rating scales. With respect to feeling well-balanced, the observed changes amounted to 40% of the possible enhancement. Positive effects increased with length of visit, and individuals practising sports (e.g., jogging, biking, playing ball) showed significantly higher improvements than those engaged in less strenuous activities (e.g., taking a walk or relaxing). These findings support previous research on how exercise in green spaces promotes well-being and recovery from stress.     

青藏高原草地退化原因述评

导致青藏高原草地退化的因子很多,主要有气候、野生动物和人类活动等。在气候因素中以气温和降水的影响为主,短期内气候的变化不会成为草地退化的主导因素,从长期来看,气候变化与草地退化之间的相互作用可引起草地生态系统的退化;野生动物因素中主要以植食性小哺乳动物的影响为主,其危害程度取决于其种群数量的高低,同时大型野生草食动物对草地退化的影响也不容忽视;人类活动因素中主要以家畜过度放牧为主,在一定程度上,家畜放牧强度的高低直接决定草地的退化程度;草地退化是多种因素综合作用的结果。不同地区导致草地退化的主要因素不尽相同,导致青藏高原草地退化最主要的因子是过度放牧和植食性小哺乳动物种群爆发。针对退化的原因,提出了青藏高原退化草地恢复与管理过程中应注意的事项。     

人类活动对晋西北地区生态环境影响的初步研究

晋西北地处我国北方生态环境脆弱的农牧交错带,同时又是资源富集,资源与环境的矛盾十分突出。人类不合理的经济活动加剧了该区以土壤风蚀沙化和水土流失为主的环境退化问题。因此,加强环境保护刻不容缓。     

读书活动与图书馆社会形象的树立

开展读书活动是提高全民族科学文化水平的最佳途径.图书馆作为精神文明财富的社会公益性文化设施,要充分发挥自身职能,积极开展读书活动,努力创建行之有效的活动模式,掀起全社会的读书热潮,在精神文明建设中发挥其不可替代的作用.     

猪屎豆种子脂溶性成分及其抗氧化活性研究

运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对猪屎豆种子中脂溶性成分进行分析,应用色谱峰面积归一化法定量分析各成分的相对百分含量,共分离鉴定出37个化合物,占其总量的70.52%。同时采用清除DPPH自由基能力的方法对猪屎豆种子中的脂溶性成分进行抗氧化活性测定,结果显示一定的抗氧化活性,其IC50为560.3μg/mL。