基于SSR标记分析四川省桑树种质资源的群体结构和遗传多样性

利用14对SSR引物对四川省89份桑树种质资源的基因组DNA进行PCR,分析种质资源间的群体结构和遗传多样性。共扩增出迁移率不同的条带65条,多态性条带65条,多态性条带比率达100%;Structure群体结构分析将89份桑树种质资源划分为4个群体,4个群体的多态性信息含量在0.552 0~0.599 8之间,总体为0.657 7;基因多样度在0.554 8~0.600 3之间,总体为0.579 0;等位基因数目在66~76个之间,总体为134个;等位基因丰富度在3.327 2~3.549 1之间,总体为3.983 1;遗传多样性主要来源于品种内,属中等偏高水平;14对SSR引物位点的总基因多样度Ht在0.291~0.931之间,整体为0.699;Nei’s种群内基因多样度Hs为0.287~0.910,整体为0.662;种群间基因多样度为0.003~0.098,整体为0.037;种群间基因分化系数为0.008~0.047,整体为0.053;基因流为2.901~62.000,整体为8.934,遗传变异主要发生在群体内,群体间分化程度低,基因流大。UPGMA聚类分析与群体结构分析结果大致相同,2种分析结果都显示分群无地理迁移规律。     

Canine renal failure syndrome in three dogs

Three dead dogs were brought to the College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University for study. Clinically, all the dogs showed emaciation, anorexia, depression, hemorrhagic vomiting and diarrhea for 7~10 days before death. All the clinical signs were first noted for about one month after feeding the dogs with commercial diets. At necropsy, all 3 dogs had severe renal damage with the same green-yellowish colored nephroliths in the renal pelvis. They also showed systemic hemorrhage and calcification of several organs, which might have been induced by uremia. Microscopically, necrosis, calcification and calculi were detected in the renal tubules, and especially in the proximal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney. These findings were supportive of a mycotoxic effect, and especially on their kidneys. However, the precise cause of the toxic effect in these cases of canine renal failure could not be determined.     

甘肃棘豆内生真菌种群多样性

将采集于青海省祁连县甘肃棘豆的茎和叶部表面消毒后分别置于黑暗和光照条件以及PDA和BDA 2种培养基上进行内生真菌分离纯化,采用形态学和分子生物学分析技术鉴定种属,并计算多样性指数。结果显示,629块植物样品中共分离到内生真菌433株,分属9个科15个属28种,不同的培养条件下优势菌属不同;多样性指数计算结果显示,香农-维纳指数（H）为1.99,均匀度指数（E）为0.60,辛普森指数（D）为0.257。结果表明,采集于青海省祁连县的甘肃棘豆内生真菌多样性比较丰富,可为今后深入探讨甘肃棘豆内生真菌遗传多样性奠定基础,并为产苦马豆素目标菌株的筛选,提供丰富的内生真菌后备菌株。     

用RAPD标记分析高羊茅的遗传多样性

采用RAPD分子标记技术对从国外引进的15个高羊茅品种的遗传多样性进行了研究。从60个随机引物中筛选出12个有效引物,它们共扩增出85条DNA带,其中59条为多态性带,占69.41%,平均每个引物扩增出多态性带4.92条;利用NTSYS-PC软件计算出的不同品种间Jaccard遗传相似系数(GS)变化范围较大,为0.373~0.932;根据得到的遗传相似性矩阵进行非加权组法(UPGMA)聚类分析,建立高羊茅品种的分子系统树状图;以相似系数0.68为标准,可将所有品种分为3类,品种翠丽和贝克各自聚为一类,其余13个品种聚成一类。     

Genetic diversity of livestock-associated MRSA isolates obtained from piglets from farrowing until slaughter age on four farrow-to-finish farms

During a previous longitudinal study, performed on four farrow-to-finish farms (A to D), samples were taken from twelve sows, their offspring, and the environment on various occasions over six months to study the MRSA presence. During the present study, a selection of the obtained MRSA isolates were typed by multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA), Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), spa typing, and SCCmec typing to study the genetic diversity of LA-MRSA isolates and to determine possible MRSA sources for pig(let)s. PFGE, spa typing, and SCCmec typing revealed the presence of one or few dominant genotype(s) per farm. In contrast, 212 MLVA types were detected on the four farms, forming one cluster on farm A, three on farm B, four on farm C and two on farm D. The genotype, found on farm A was unique for this farm. Farms B, C and D shared one cluster. In general, MLVA types from these clusters were isolated from piglets, sows, and the environment on various sampling events. Piglets carried MLVA types both related and unrelated to their mother sows’ MLVA types at farrowing and onwards. In conclusion, molecular typing revealed that within a farm one or a few dominant strain(s) are widespread. Potential MRSA sources for piglets were mother sows, the environment and other piglets.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-014-0089-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

High Throughput Sequencing to Study the Effect of Chronic Renal Failure on the Diversity and Gene Function Prediction of Gut Microbiota in Dogs

This study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic renal failure(CRF) on the gut microbiota diversity and predict the gene function of the flora. A total of 30 2-year-old dogs were selected and randomly divided into the chronic renal failure model group (CRF, established by renal artery ligation), sham operation control group (Sham) and healthy control group (HCG). All animals were fed normally during the 56 days of test period. The serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urine protein / creatinine ratio (UP/C) were detected regularly during the experiment. The effects of chronic renal failure on the structure, diversity and function of gut microbiota were analyzed according to the result of bacterial 16S rDNA sequencing from fresh feces collected without contamination. The flora markers index (FMI) was constructed based on the principal component Logistic regression analysis of different microbiota in CRF group to predict the development of chronic renal failure. The results showed that: 1) The levels of Scr, BUN and UP/C in CRF group from the start of the 28th day of the experiment were significantly higher than those of HCG group and Sham group (P<0.05), and significantly higher than that of the first day of CRF group (P<0.05). 2) Compared with those before chronic renal failure (CRF group at day 0 and 28), HCG group and Sham group, the Chao 1 diversity and Shannon diversity of gut microbiota in CRF group at day 56 were significantly lower (P<0.05), while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria significantly increased and the number of Firmicutes significantly decreased (P<0.05). 3) LEfSe analysis showed that 20 species were enriched in CRF group, mainly including Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Proteus and so on, and most of them had negative correlation with other intestinal bacteria. Functional prediction revealed that genes of those different species were mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism, sugar biosynthesis and metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism in CRF group. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of the FMI constructed with those species enriched was 0.788, which could be used as the intestinal microbial marker for CRF in dogs. In summary, chronic renal failure can reduce the diversity of intestinal microbiota, lead to the imbalance of bacterial structure and change of bacterial function. Moreover, the enriched gut microbiota in CRF group can be used as the intestinal microbial marker of CRF in dogs, and the best prediction effect can be obtained by FMI.     

8种豆科灌木栽培种丛枝菌根真菌种类及分布

采集人工栽培决明(Cassia tora)、假木豆(Dendrolobium triangulare)、紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)、白刺花(Sophora davidii)、猪屎豆(Crotalaria pallida)、多花木蓝(Indigofera amblyantha)、木豆(Cajanus cajan)和银合欢(Leucaena leucocephala)8种豆科灌木植物根际5-10、10-20和20-30 cm 3个土层的土样,研究其根际丛枝菌根(AM)真菌的侵染率、孢子密度、种类及多样性。结果表明,8种豆科灌木植物AM真菌侵染率普遍较高,最高的为猪屎豆,80.8%;土壤速效磷含量与侵染率呈显著负相关(r=-0.733,P=0.039);根际土壤中的AM真菌孢子主要分布于5-20 cm土层,5-10 cm土层猪屎豆孢子密度最大,为115.33个·10 g-1土壤;宿主植物种类与土壤层位对孢子密度交互效应影响显著(F=100.497,P0.001);AM真菌优势种枫香球囊霉(Glomus liquidambaris)、脆无梗囊霉(Acaulospora delicate)在8种豆科灌木植物的土壤中均有分布。本研究表明,喀斯特地区适生豆科灌木植物具有丰富的AM真菌资源,今后可以在喀斯特地区开展豆科灌木植物接种优势AM真菌和根瘤菌等相关研究,这将对农牧业生产和退化生态系统修复效应的影响具有重要意义。     

中国家驴生长激素基因内含子2的遗传多样性分析

为了从分子水平揭示家驴的遗传多样性,本研究以中国7个家驴品种(临县驴、关中驴、新疆驴、广灵驴、淮北驴、德州驴、晋南驴)174个个体为试验动物,利用PCR-SSCP技术研究生长激素(GH)基因第2内含子的遗传多样性并进行序列分析.结果显示:第2内含子表现多态性,174个个体检测到3个单倍型,单倍型比例为1.7%.单倍型多样度以临县驴、淮北驴较高,分别为0.678和0.542.广灵驴与关中驴的单倍型多样度(Haplotype diversity,H)比较接近,分别为0.409和0.462.其次为德州驴和晋南驴,分别为0.355和0.304,新疆驴最低为0.077.对该片段的纯合型分别测序发现,B单倍型在第735位碱基G→C.A单倍型在869位碱基G→T.上述结果首次证实驴GH基因内含子2存在多态性.     

T-RFLP技术及其在动物胃肠道微生物群落多样性研究中的应用

随着分子生物学技术的飞速发展,越来越多的新兴研究手段应用于胃肠道微生态系统的研究之中。介绍了末端限制性片段长度多态性技术(T-RFLP)的基本原理、操作流程和优缺点,并总结了该技术在动物胃肠道微生态研究中的应用现状。     

狗牙根种质资源及遗传多样性的研究概况

介绍了国内外狗牙根种质资源的研究概况;从形态学水平、染色体水平、蛋白质水平、DNA水平对狗牙根的遗传多样性进行概述,并对存在的问题提出建议。