Outbreak of shoot blight and dieback of Eucalyptus spp., caused by Pseudoplagiostoma eucalypti in Brazil

An outbreak of a new and severe disease was observed in Eucalyptus plantations of Bahia state, Brazil. An Ascomycota fungus has been frequently associated with the main symptoms of the disease namely leaf spot, branch cankers, shoot blight, defoliation, and dieback. Based on morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analysis (ITS and TEF-1α genes), and pathogenicity test on Eucalyptus plants, Pseudoplagiostoma eucalypti was identified as the causal agent of the disease. Although P. eucalytpi has been known from in Brazil since 1998, this is the first report of it causing severe disease and die-back on Eucalyptus spp. and we also record new symptoms associated with the pathogen.     

Physiological and pathological roles of mast cells in adipose tissue

Mast cells are important cells for the innate immunity that reside in tissues including adipose tissue and are involved in various physiological and pathological processes by producing a range of biological mediators. Adipose tissue not only acts as an energy depot and regulator of energy homeostasis that can deposit excess energy and dissipate energy through heat, but also is an active endocrine organ capable of producing hormones and adipokines. The dysfunction of adipose tissue is highly correlated with metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and so on. This review focuses on the physiological and pathological roles of mast cells in adipose tissue.     

大数据时代山东农业病虫害监测预警体系建设

在大数据时代,海量的数据资源是推动经济发展和社会进步的基石,丰富、透明、完善的农业大数据资源是加快农业信息化建设步伐的前提,先进、有序、完备的农业病虫害监测预警体系是服务绿色农业发展的支撑。该研究试图在研究国内外农业病虫害监测预警体系的基础上,在农业专家的指导下,进行大数据时代农业病虫害监测预警体系构建。山东农业病虫害监测预警体系的建设应主动适应大数据时代的发展需求,分步构建病虫害监测预警体系,分层划分病虫害数据中心工作,合理布局病虫害数据采集站点,科学制定病虫害监测预警任务,共建共享病虫害监测数据信息,有效加强病虫害联合监测预警,努力研发病虫害智能识别终端,为发展现代高效农业提供坚实的保障。     

春大豆抗大豆花叶病毒病鉴定初报

1990年和1991年对127个已定型的春大豆株系的抗大豆花叶病毒病的抗性及产量进行了测定.其中高抗材料有51个,中抗材料19个.在高抗材料中,有7个株系比对照增产10%以上,是很有希望的新品系,有15个材料病指在1.0以下,但产量表现不突出,可作为抗源材料,根据不同地区同一品种抗性差异较大这一结果,抗性自然鉴定圃宜设在大豆病毒病重病区.     

Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Effects of Isaridin E Isolated from the Marine-Derived Fungus via Downregulating the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

Isaridin E, a cyclodepsipeptide isolated from the marine-derived fungus Amphichorda felina (syn. Beauveria felina) SYSU-MS7908, has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory and insecticidal activities. Here, we first found that isaridin E concentration-dependently inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation, activation, and secretion in vitro, but did not affect collagen- or thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Furthermore, isaridin E dose-dependently reduced thrombosis formation in an FeCl₃-induced mouse carotid model without increasing the bleeding time. Mechanistically, isaridin E significantly decreased the ADP-mediated phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt. In conclusion, these results suggest that isaridin E exerts potent antithrombotic effects in vivo without increasing the risk of bleeding, which may be due to its important role in inhibiting ADP-induced platelet activation, secretion and aggregation via the PI3K/Akt pathways.     

川黔等西南地区李子主要病虫害及防治技术

李适应性广,耐瘠薄干旱,是四川、重庆等西南山区的特色经济树种。李果实外观亮丽,脆甜爽口、营养丰富,是深受人们喜爱的特色水果之一。近年来四川、贵州、重庆地区青脆李、空心李、蜂糖李等地方品种有了迅速发展,促进了贫困山区脱贫致富和产业结构调整。但由于管理粗放和防治措施不当,致使李子生产区域病虫害发生严重,影响了果实的品质和经济效益。为了促进李子产业化发展,结合主要产区生产实际,总结出西南地区常见的病虫害及其防治措施,为李子生产提供技术参考。     

400克/升氯氟醚菌唑悬浮剂对香蕉叶斑病的防治效果

通过大田试验研究了400克/升氯氟醚菌唑悬浮剂防治香蕉叶斑病效果及其对香蕉产量的影响。研究结果表明,分别以20毫升、13.3毫升、10毫升400克/升氯氟醚菌唑悬浮剂兑水60公斤分3次喷雾施药,第二次施药后14d后对香蕉叶斑病防治效果在60.43-66.52%,第三次施药后14d后对香蕉叶斑病防治效果在75.72-80.72%,并对香蕉的单株产量有明显增产效果。其中尤以20毫升400克/升氯氟醚菌唑悬浮剂兑水60公斤剂量喷雾处理的效果最好。     

赣南脐橙贮藏病害调查

2013年11月-2015年11月于江西省赣州全部18个县（市、区）进行了赣南脐橙贮藏期病害的调查,并对病果样品的病原菌进行了分离和鉴定。调查结果表明,共发现8种病原真菌,分别为：柑橘青霉病菌（Penicillium italicum）、柑橘绿霉病菌（Penicillium digitatum)、柑橘扩展青霉病菌（Penicillium expansum）、柑橘炭疽病菌（Colletotrichum goleosporioides）、柑橘干腐病菌（Fusarium moniliforme）、柑橘疫霉病菌（Phytophthora citrophthora）、柑橘黑腐病菌（Alternaria citri）、柑橘黑斑病菌（Phoma citricarpa）;2种由病原细菌,分别为：柑橘溃疡病菌（Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri）、亚洲柑橘黄龙病菌（Candidatus liberobacter asiaticum）。其中检出率高的贮藏病害包括柑橘青霉病、柑橘绿霉病、柑橘炭疽病与柑橘溃疡病,其中柑橘青霉病与柑橘绿霉病的检出率分别为40.7%,柑橘炭疽病与柑橘溃疡病的检出率分别为16.6%、7%。     

几种药剂对脐橙储藏期病害的防治效果比较研究

用7组药剂分别对纽荷尔脐橙做浸果处理,处理至135天,结果显示：百可得 咪鲜胺处理组烂果率7.78%,病情指数4.81,防效75.5%;咪鲜胺处理组烂果率13.33%,病情指数8.52,防效56.6%;百可得 抑霉唑处理组烂果率14.44%,病情指数8.15,防效58.48%;清水处理组烂果率30%,病情指数19.63。百可得 咪鲜胺处理组储藏效果最好,其次是咪鲜胺处理组和百可得 抑霉唑处理组。在脐橙的储藏保鲜中推荐使用百可得与咪鲜胺或抑霉唑混配或咪鲜胺单剂。     

咪鲜胺对柑橘不同品种的保鲜效果评价

柑橘果实在贮藏期间极易发生青霉病、绿霉病、炭疽病等多种病害。为了减轻病害造成的损失,笔者在自然通风贮藏库内用咪鲜胺分别对锦橙、血橙、温州蜜柑和夏橙等4个柑橘品种进行了防腐保鲜效果研究。结果表明咪鲜胺333.33mg/㎏对青霉病、绿霉病、炭疽病和总病害均有较好的保鲜效果,只不同品种保鲜时间各异。以对锦橙和血橙的保鲜时间最长,贮藏期可达120天;其次是温州蜜柑,贮藏期可达60天;对夏橙的保鲜时间最短,只30天。对青霉病、绿霉病的效果,锦橙和血橙达120天,温州蜜柑达90天,夏橙达60天;对炭疽病的效果,锦橙可达120天,血橙达90天,温州蜜柑可达60天,夏橙只30天。咪鲜胺浸药处理对4个品种柑橘的失重率没有影响,只随着贮藏时间的延长,失重率均逐渐增加。咪鲜胺处理对果蒂保持绿色有一定效果,对不同品种柑橘果实内在品质、外观色泽和口感没有负面影响。