加速发展社会主义现代化草原畜牧业

目前我国进入“WTO后过渡期”,加快向市场经济和自由贸易制度靠拢。这就要求我国草原畜牧业要改变传统经营方式,从宏观层面合理配置畜牧业资源。通过实施“北繁南育”战略,将北方地区草食家畜的繁殖优势与南方区域的草食家畜育肥优势有机结合起来,生产符合国内外市场需要的绿色畜产品,同时有效解决我国生态环境恶化、畜产品竞争力低下、农牧民增收困难的矛盾,实现我国传统草原畜牧业向现代化草原畜牧业的转变。     

中国古代养兔发展史

从化石和历史文献角度概述了我国古今存在的兔种,分析了我国家兔起源驯化过程,并通过历代对兔的记载纵观我国养兔发展,为我国家兔起源及驯化历史提供一定参考依据。     

Separation of protein and lactose intake over meals dissociates postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations and reduces postprandial insulin responses in heavy veal calves

The present study examined, at identical daily nutrient intakes, the impact of separating protein and lactose intakes across two daily meals on the metabolic and endocrine status in heavy veal calves. Calves were assigned to one of six degrees of separating protein and lactose over the two meals (termed nutrient synchrony, SYN 1-6; 6 calves/treatment). They were fed the protein-rich (P-)meal and the lactose-rich (L-)meal at 06:00 and 18:00h, respectively, or vice versa. At SYN 1, calves were fed with 50% of the daily protein and 50% of the daily lactose intake in each meal. Protein and lactose were iso-energetically exchanged between the two daily meals from SYN 1 to 6. At SYN 6, 85% of the daily protein and 20% of the daily lactose was fed in the P-meal and the remainder in the L-meal. Blood samples were collected hourly during 24h. Mean 24h glucose concentrations increased and insulin concentrations decreased from SYN 1 to 6. Postprandial 5h areas under concentration curves (AUC(0-5h)) of glucose increased with increasing meal lactose content. AUC(0-5h) of non-esterified fatty acids increased after P- and L-meals from SYN 1 to 6. Urea concentrations increased after L-meals from SYN 1 to 6, but decreased after P-meals from SYN 1 to 6. Insulin AUC(0-5h) decreased after L-meals and after P-meals from SYN 1 to 6. Nutrient asynchrony did not affect insulin-like growth factor-1, glucagon, growth hormone, leptin, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and thyroxine. In conclusion, separation of protein and lactose intake over meals inhibited insulin responses to a lactose-rich meal in heavy veal calves despite high plasma glucose concentrations.     

猪支原体肺炎诊断与处理

猪支原体肺炎是生猪养殖中较为常见的一种猪肺疾病类型,该病具有高度接触性、慢性传染性等特点,如果未能得到及时有效的处理则会扩散至整个生猪群体范围,对生猪养殖的经济效益造成严重损害。且在猪支原体肺炎的发生中,该病经常与圆环病毒及其他病原体进行混合感染,进一步加深生猪病情,对生猪养殖造成非常严重的经济损失。养殖人员在生猪养殖中务必要加强对于猪支原体肺炎的重视程度,积极了解猪支原体肺炎的临床症状与发生特点,采取有效的防治措施以避免猪支原体肺炎发生。该文主要论述猪支原体肺炎的发生特点、临床症状以及诊断防治。     

中国广东家蚕微粒子孢子在Antheraea eucalypti细胞系的感染增殖

将中国广东的Ｎｏｓｅｍａ ｂｏｍｂｙｃｉｓ ＣＧＳ,用０２ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＯＨ 处理后,接种感染Ａ．ｅｕｃａｌｙｐｔｉ 细胞系。孢子的发芽率达８７％ ,在Ａ．ｅｕｃａｌｙｐｔｉ 细胞初期感染率为２７ ％ 。发育各阶段具２ 核,可观察到短极丝孢子和二次感染体形成,孢子芽母细胞按二分裂形成２ 个双核的孢子芽,具典型 Ｎｏｓｅｍａ 属特征。Ｎｏｓｅｍａｂｏｍｂｙｃｉｓ ＣＧＳ 生物学特性、血清学类型与日本Ｎｏｓｅｍａ ｂｏｍｂｙｃｉｓ ＮＩＳ００１ 大致相同,但孢子大小、裂殖体的形态、在Ａ．ｅｕｃａｌｙｐｔｉ 细胞寄生的细胞感染率、每个细胞的产孢数,２ 种微孢子虫却有差异。     

萨杜湖杂交羊生长性能、羊毛品质及血液生理生化指标测定

为研究萨福克羊×杜泊羊×湖羊杂交羊(萨杜湖杂交羊)生长发育情况及其对当地生态环境的适应能力,采用生产性能常规测定、显微测定和全自动血液生理生化分析仪分别测定了不同年龄阶段萨杜湖杂交羊的体重、体尺指标、羊毛品质(包括不同部位羊毛的净毛率、细度、有髓毛和无髓毛占比、自然长度和伸直长度等指标)和成年羊血液生理生化指标。结果表明:萨杜湖杂交羊早期生长速度较快,初生阶段及周岁时公羊体斜长均显著高于母羊(P<0.05);3月龄时公羊体高、体斜长和胸围均显著高于母羊(P<0.05);6月龄时母羊体重极显著高于公羊(P<0.01),成年时期公羊体重和体高均显著高于母羊(P<0.05);其余各生长阶段内,公母羊间体重及体尺差异不显著(P>0.05)。其成年时平均净毛率较低,为45.21%;长度适中:平均自然长度为4.55cm,伸直长度为6.22cm;细度良好,为17.60μm。公母羊血液生理生化指标及其同国内绵羊参考值相比存在一定的差异,其中母羊血小板总数(PLT)和血小板压积(PCT)均极显著高于公羊(P<0.01),公羊甘油三酯(TG)和白蛋白(ALB)含量显著高于母羊(P<0.05),其余各项指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,萨杜湖杂交羊在生长发育等方面都有不同程度的改进和提高,本试验结果可为该品种杂交羊进一步开发利用提供参考依据。     

西藏疯草研究进展

通过查阅现有文献资料和实地调查结果表明,西藏共有疯草类有毒植物22种,其中棘豆属植物14种,黄芪属植物8种。疯草对西藏草地畜牧业生产危害十分严重,引起大批牲畜中毒死亡,造成严重经济损失;影响畜种改良,畜群结构严重失衡;破坏草地生态平衡,致使草地退化。西藏目前针对疯草的防除措施主要有人工挖除和应用化学除草剂灭除,并且应用解毒药物和生态控制工程预防和防治牲畜疯草中毒。疯草类植物虽然有毒,但含有较高的粗蛋白和含硫氨基酸,粗纤维含量较低,可作为动物饲料或药物进行开发利用。     

香根草的栽培管理方法研究

香根草作为水土保持与环境治理植物目前在热带、亚热带地区得到越来越广泛的应用。然而，香根草不结实，只能通过无性繁殖，繁殖速度相对较慢。因此，如何加快香根草的繁殖速度便成了研究该植物的一个重要课题。目前各地所采取的繁殖栽培与管理方法各不相同。通过现场观测，并总结过去的繁苗经验，提出了8项应采取的栽培管理措施：1)苗圃应选在阳光充足、无遮荫的地段；2)苗圃地应土壤肥沃，宜沙不宜粘，不要有积水；3)注意施肥，磷肥与有机肥作基肥，复合肥作追肥；4)种植前将香根草地上部分剪至30～40cm，根系剪至5～15cm；5)考虑斜植，且种植深度要恰当；6)种植密度要合理；7)适度剪割，清除杂草；8)1年出苗。     

甘州区规模化羊场主要疫病及防控措施探讨

肉羊养殖逐渐向规模化方向发展,但是口蹄疫、小反刍兽疫、羊布病等疫病防控面临形势愈加严重。需要从羊场设计、加强饲养管理、消毒、驱虫、制定合理免疫程序加强防检疫工作等多方面采取综合防控措施,降低疫病风险,取得最大养殖效益。     

A novel MCT1 and MCT4 dual inhibitor reduces mitochondrial metabolism and inhibits tumour growth of feline oral squamous cell carcinoma

Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) support tumour growth by regulating the transport of metabolites in the tumour microenvironment. High MCT1 or MCT4 expression is correlated with poor outcomes in human patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Recently, drugs targeting these transporters have been developed and may prove to be an effective treatment strategy for HNSCC. Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive and treatment‐resistant malignancy resembling advanced or recurrent HNSCC. The goals of this study were to investigate the effects of a previously characterized dual MCT1 and MCT4 inhibitor, MD‐1, in OSCC as a novel treatment approach for feline oral cancer. We also sought to determine the potential of feline OSCC as a large animal model for the further development of MCT inhibitors to treat human HNSCC. In vitro, MD‐1 reduced the viability of feline OSCC and human HNSCC cell lines, altered glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism and synergized with platinum‐based chemotherapies. While MD‐1 treatment increased lactate concentrations in an HNSCC cell line, the inhibitor failed to alter lactate levels in feline OSCC cells, suggesting an MCT‐independent activity. In vivo, MD‐1 significantly inhibited tumour growth in a subcutaneous xenograft model and prolonged overall survival in an orthotopic model of feline OSCC. Our results show that MD‐1 may be an effective therapy for the treatment of feline oral cancer. Our findings also support the further investigation of feline OSCC as a large animal model to inform the development of MCT inhibitors and future clinical studies in human HNSCC.