Wild fruit resources and exploitation in Xiaoxing’an Mountains

The ornamental characters, nutritious composition, edible value and medical value of thirteen kinds of major wild fruit resources in Xiaoxing’an Mountains Region were synthetically analyzed such asRosa spp.,Actinidia spp. and so on. The results showed that the wild fruit resources in this region had important garden ornamental value, edible value and medical value. A lot of good germplasm resources and honey plant resources hadn’t been effectively protected and enough utilized. The right way of appropriate arrangement and reasonable exploitation of wild fruit resources in this region should be benefit to get rid of economic crisis early in this region. (Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong)     

桃树废弃幼果的利用

利用春天桃树疏果时疏下来的小桃为原料，借鉴了南方蜜饯的制作特点，研制开发出３种风味独特的低糖桃脯，并介绍了它们的工艺流程和操作要点，具有良好的开发前景．     

如何减轻果蔬储藏中侵染性病害

采用了辐射与低温臭氧相结合的方法，可以减轻果蔬储藏中的侵染性病害，同时，还可以延长果蔬的保鲜期。     

老岭自然保护区的野生果树种质资源

青龙县老岭的野生果树种质资源比较丰富，初步查明有１２种，５０种。简要叙述了主要种的生物学特点及用途，进行了必要的讨论。     

种子直播建立高标准银杏采叶园技术的研究

专用型银杏采叶园，已成为当今银杏栽培的最主要模式。种子直播建立银杏采叶园，使生产成本大大地降低，实现了当年投资当年取得显著的经济效益。笔者从①种子的选择；②种子贮藏与播种方法；③覆盖技术；④根外补肥技术入手，旨在解决种子建园中的出芽率问题、病害问题、采叶量问题。为我省的银杏采叶园建设提供量的参考。     

Changes on carbohydrates and nitrogen content in the bark tissues induced by artificial chilling and its relationship with dormancy bud break in Prunus sp.

Stem cuttings of peach, nectarine, plum and apricot, obtained from 1-year-old shoots at leaf drop in autumn, were exposed at a constant 3.0 ± 0.1 °C to simulate different chilling accumulation treatments (0, 500, and 1000 chilling hours). A set of 10 excised shoots was forced to budbreak after chilling accumulation; a second set of 10 excised shoots was used to analyse sugars, starch, and ammonium-, nitric- and proteinaceous-nitrogen content in the bark tissues. Sorbitol, fructose and glucose were the main sugars in the bark tissues, whereas sucrose and rafinose showed the lowest quantities in all Prunus sp. studied. Sorbitol and starch concentration decreased whereas glucose and fructose concentration increased with chilling. Ammonium-nitrogen showed the more dramatic increase with medium chilling treatment, decreasing again at high chilling exposure. No modifications in proteinaceous- and nitric-nitrogen levels were observed due to chilling. Chilling treatments increasing flowering intensity showed high ammonium- and proteinaceous-nitrogen content in the bark tissues of the stem cuttings, whereas those reducing flowering intensity showed high starch and nitric-nitrogen content, in three of the four Prunus sp. studied. Ammonium-nitrogen content gives the highest correlation with flowering intensity.     

设施栽培果树病虫害种类与发生特点

对桃、杏、樱桃设施栽培下病虫害调查的结果显示，全区设施果树病虫(螨)害共27种，其中虫(螨)害16种，分属4目12科；病害11种，分属9目9科(属)。主要病虫(螨)害12种(病害6种，虫害5种，螨类1种)。经对果树主要病虫(螨)害在设施条件下的发生危害规律观察，总结出了设施果树病虫害发生特点。     

Influence of hot water treatment on brown rot of peach and rapid fruit response to heat stress

Recent results on hot water as an alternative treatment open a new perspective in disease incidence reduction. In the present work peach fruit were wounded, inoculated with conidia of Monilinia laxa and 15 min, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after inoculation treated by dipping in hot water (HT) at 60 °C for 20 s. The effect of heat treatment on some cell wall genes involved in ripening such as β-galactosidase (β-GAL), pectin lyase (PL), polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methyl esterase (PME), was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The expression levels of defense related genes, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and chitinase (CHI), heat stress-related genes such as heat shock proteins 70 and 90 (HSP70, HSP90), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging genes were also evaluated by qRT-PCR. A 100% disease incidence reduction, as compared to untreated fruit, was obtained by treating 6 and 12 h after inoculation. Moreover, brown rot was inhibited by 85.7% when fruit were heat-treated 48 h after inoculation. The expression levels of cell wall genes (β-GAL, PL, PG and PME) showed a general decrease in HT fruit as compared to the control, whereas PAL, CHI, HSP70 and ROS-scavenging genes increased their expression level in HT samples with respect to the untreated ones. Our results show a curative activity of heat on peach inoculated with M. laxa 48 h before treatment. Each analyzed gene proved to be differentially expressed following heat treatment.