CPPU对无核黄皮果实生长和风味品质的影响

研究不同浓度CPPU处理对郁南无核黄皮果实生长和品质的影响。结果表明,花后20d用CPPU10mg/L处理幼果,收获时果实纵径、横径和体积均显著高于对照,CPPU5mg/L处理差异不显著,CPPU20mg/L处理能显著促进果实的纵向生长。CPPU处理郁南无核黄皮果实的可滴定酸含量与对照差异不显著,但CPPU5mg/L和10mg/L处理可提高果实的可溶性糖和维生素C含量,尤其是CPPU5mg/L处理的果实含糖量和糖酸比均显著高于对照。     

数字果树及其技术体系研究进展

果树是重要的农林植物。在万物智联时代,利用数字化、智能化、网络化技术建立数字果树技术体系,实现对果树生命、生产和生态复杂系统的高效感知、认知和智慧管控,对于果业实现数字化转型具有重要意义。该研究在数字植物技术范畴下,系统论述了数字果树的概念和内涵,提出了数字果树技术体系框架。重点在果树表型信息获取、环境数据获取、三维模型计算、数字育种、果树大数据和虚拟现实技术等方面综述了数字果树研究进展。从产业应用角度,综述了数字果树技术在树形管理、生长监测、种植管理、农技培训、品牌营销等方面应用效果和挑战。最后,展望了数字果树发展趋势、研究热点和技术突破方向,以期为数字果树的进一步发展提供思路与借鉴。     

林果机械化采收技术与装备研究进展

机械化采收技术是制约林果产业发展的重要瓶颈。实现林果机械化采收是林果产业转变发展方式、节本增效、增强国际市场竞争力的重要途径之一,也是林果产业全程机械化和规模化的研究重点和难点。林果机械化采收的技术重点是高效低损采摘,最终目标是实现林果自动化、智能化、无人化采收。该文总结了中国林果种植分布情况现状,将现有林果机械化采收技术与装备系统地划分为一次性联合摘果采收和振动采收后集果捡拾,并对其研究现状和发展动态进行了阐述和剖析。在此基础上,结合林果产业发展要求和应用场景,归纳了国内林果机械化采收技术面临的机会和挑战,并提出兼顾不同需求发展高性能、高效率、高可靠的林果机械化采收装备建议,以期为促进林果业的现代化和高新技术推广提供参考。     

杨梅果实生长指标的数学模型及各指标间的相关性分析

为揭示白杨梅果实颜色和单果质量等相关性状的变化规律,以及各指标间的相互关系,本研究以10年生水晶种为试材,测定其果实生长发育过程中各生长指标的动态变化,选择3种理论生长方程对单果质量、纵径、横径、果形指数、果实明度(L^*)、红绿值/黄蓝值(a^*/b^*)、柠檬酸、草酸、葡萄糖、蔗糖和果糖等11个指标进行拟合,并根据拟合结果确定合适的生长方程确立数学模型;同时,对果实生长各指标间的相关性进行分析。结果表明,L^*、果形指数、柠檬酸和蔗糖等指标适合选择三项式方程,a^*/b^*、草酸、果糖和葡萄糖等指标符合二项式方程,单果质量、纵径和横径等指标符合Logistic方程。在果实发育过程中,a^*/b^*与单果质量、纵径、横径、蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖和明度之间呈极显著正相关,a^*/b^*与果形指数和柠檬酸之间呈显著负相关,草酸与L^*和a^*/b^*之间呈极显著负相关。本研究结果为基于颜色对杨梅品质进行无损伤检测和模拟、预测果实发育奠定了理论基础。     

水肥耦合对树莓光合特性和果实品质的影响

通过在田间利用防雨棚和测坑设施进行试验,研究水肥耦合对树莓光合特性及果实品质的影响。结果表明:土壤水分适度时适量增施肥料有利于树莓叶片净光合速率(Pn)提高,控制肥料施入可有效降低树莓叶片的蒸腾速率(Tr)和提高细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci);肥料适度时适量提高土壤水分有利于提高树莓叶片的净光合速率(Pn)和叶片气孔导度(Gs),控制土壤含水量有利于树莓叶片的蒸腾速率(Tr)降低和细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)的提高。在施肥水平相同的条件下,适中的土壤含水量有利于果实中有机酸、可溶性糖和SOD营养物质的积累,充足的土壤含水量有利于果实中可溶性固形物和Vc含量的积累。土壤含水量控制在32%以上,施肥量在460.95kg/hm2水平有利于树莓光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)的提高和午休时间的缩短;土壤含水量控制在26.2%以上,施肥量在270kg/hm2水平有利于降低树莓的蒸腾速率(Tr)和提高树莓果实品质。     

EFFECTS OF FOLIAR AND SOIL CALCIUM APPLICATION ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF TABLE GRAPE CV. ‘THOMPSON SEEDLESS’

Table grape quality and firmness are key parameters for Chile's export, given distances from the main markets. As a consequence, calcium (Ca) fertilization has become a standard practice in the country, although its effects have not been fully evaluated. The objectives in this study were to investigate the effects of calcium fertilization on table grape nutrition and quality. A two-year field trial was conducted in central Chile, using grapevines (Vitis vinifera) cv. ‘Thompson seedless’, grown on an overhead trellis system. Calcium (CaCl₂) application treatments included foliar, soil, foliar plus soil, and a control without Ca fertilization. Calcium and other nutrients concentration were determined afterwards in soil, leaves, and berries. Also, yield and some fruit quality parameters were evaluated. Calcium application method did not have an effect on soil, leaf or fruit Ca content, neither on yield and berry sugar concentration, with levels being similar to the control treatment. Additionally, in treatments where CaCl₂ was applied to soil, chlorides concentration in soil, leaves, and berries were higher. Also, berries were larger, more turgent, with lower dry matter and larger cells. In the second season, in these same treatments, berry firmness at harvest was higher, but this effect disappeared after the storage simulation period. These results question the validity that Ca applications might improve table grape postharvest quality for growing conditions similar to the ones in this experiment. The temporal changes in berry quality parameters were attributed to higher Cl soil content and the associated plant osmoregulatory mechanisms.     

Non-abscised aborted sweet cherry fruits are vulnerable to fruit decaying fungi and may be sources of infection for healthy fruits

During three growing seasons (1999–2001), disease incidence of non-abscised aborted and normally developing (sound) sweet cherry fruits were investigated in a research orchard at Ullensvang, western Norway. To reveal possible fungal infections, aborted and sound fruits of two cultivars (cv. Van for three years and cv. Lapins for two years) were harvested over four to seven weeks in an experimental orchard during the green fruit phase and incubated at 20°C in moisture saturated air for 7 days. The most frequently observed fungal pathogens were Monilinia laxa, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Botrytis cinerea. The mean of all observations (±standard deviation) over three years, showed that aborted and sound fruits had a disease incidence of 51.9% (±31.8) and 5.2% (±9.7), respectively, after seven days incubation. In 24 of 25 trials aborted fruits had significantly higher disease incidence than sound fruits after incubation. In one season, when fruits were collected from two commercial orchards, aborted fruits had much higher disease incidence than sound fruits (a mean of 6.5 and 4.5 times higher incidence for the two orchards, respectively). Time of fruit abortion varied with the years (two years observation) and the two cultivars, but the major abortion took place between the fourth and eighth week after anthesis. A higher disease incidence and more rapid disease development in non-abscised aborted fruits indicate that they are more vulnerable to fungal colonisation than sound fruits and may thus be potential incoulum sources for neighbouring, healthy fruits.     

快速脱水抑制葡萄干制过程中膜脂过氧化及褐变

为探索脱水速度对无核白葡萄干制过程中膜脂过氧化作用及褐变的影响,以新疆无核白葡萄为试验材料,经过葡萄促干剂处理后,采用快速脱水和缓慢脱水2种处理,质量每减轻10%进行取样,测定脱水过程中果实干基含水率、干燥速率、褐变度、细胞膜透性、丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)含量、脂氧合酶(lipoxygenase,LOX)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)活性以及总酚含量的变化。结果表明:与缓慢脱水相比,快速脱水处理显著(P0.05)降低了无核白葡萄褐变度的上升,减少MDA生成量以及膜透性的增加,抑制LOX活性的升高,保持较高的活性氧清除酶SOD、CAT及POD活性及较高的总酚含量,且使PPO活性保持在一个较低的水平。因此认为,快速脱水可以有效地抑制无核白葡萄的膜脂过氧化作用对细胞膜的破坏,保持细胞的完整性,且PPO活性较低,从而减少无核白葡萄脱水褐变的发生。研究结果为快速脱水在无核白葡萄干制中的应用提供参考。     

四季柚生育期叶片和果实中矿质元素含量变化的研究

本研究以四季柚为试材,定期测定果实发育周期内叶片与果实的矿质元素含量,研究四季柚叶片和果实矿质养分需求特征与相关性,为树体营养科学调控,优质高效施肥提供理论依据。结果显示,叶片生长过程中N、 P元素含量呈逐渐下降趋势,K、 Ca、 Mg、 B、 Zn含量呈先增后降趋势,S含量总体保持上升趋势,Fe含量呈现先降后稳再上升趋势,Cu含量总体较稳定,Mn含量呈现出先上升后下降再上升趋势; 果实生长过程中,N、 P、 K、 Ca、 S含量呈下降趋势,Mg含量呈现先升后降的趋势,微量元素中Fe、 Mn元素含量变化幅度较小,B、 Zn、 Cu元素含量变化趋势略有不同。叶片与果实之间矿质元素协同吸收作用较弱,而果实与果皮之间作用较强。研究表明,萌芽前应适当增施氮、 磷肥,6月中旬增施钙肥,7月中旬增施钾肥和镁肥,以及重视微量元素肥料的应用。     

北斗定位田间信息采集平台运动控制器设计与试验

针对轮式田间信息采集平台在田间复杂环境下定速直线跟踪问题,设计了一种横向纠偏与纵向定速行走的运动控制器。控制系统采用低精度北斗定位模块、电子罗盘、旋转编码器、角度传感器获取田间信息采集平台的状态信息(包括位置、航向、速度、转向角)作为运动控制器的输入,通过构建的横向纠偏模糊控制器和纵向定速PID(proportion integration differentiation)控制器,实现行走过程中的横向纠偏和纵向定速行走。为获取更准确的位置信息,采用3个低精度北斗定位模块以边长1 m的等边三角形方式放置对数据求均值得到中心点定位数据的方法,将北斗接收模块的平均静态定位精度从2.06 m提高到了1.50 m,动态定位精度提高到0.78 m以内。信息采集平台田间试验结果表明:车体系统能按照规划的路径行走,在设定速度0.4 m/s时,纵向速度稳态误差小于7%,在外界扰动下响应调节时间小于3 s;以相同的速度行驶,初始横向偏距分别为1.4、2.0和2.5 m时,稳定跟踪需要的时间分别为11、15和25 s且稳定跟踪后最大横向偏距在0.31 m以内,满足农业田间信息采集的需要。该控制系统实现了信息采集平台在田间的定速直线跟踪和稳定行走,为其高效智能化作业提供了技术参考。