Informing Community Engagement in Sea Turtle Conservation by Examining Non-Conservation-Related Participation in Northeast Brazil

Participation in conservation programs is often viewed as a necessity, but understanding of this participation is limited. This research takes a different approach by also examining participation in non-conservation-related activities. Questionnaires (N = 339) were administered in four Brazilian coastal communities where the national sea turtle conservation project conducts monitoring and outreach. Employing social capital as a conceptual framework, measurements included participation in civic, community, and social activities along with group participation and collective action. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for validating measures of social capital and conservation perceptions. Structural equation modeling indicated that social capital has a positive relationship with participation in sea turtle conservation, suggesting that general levels of participation and community norms of participation could be just as influential as conservation perceptions to engage communities in conservation. Information gained by deconstructing participation may be used to design and target conservation programs, improving overall participation.     

Describing Human–Wildlife Interaction from a European Perspective

European researchers from both the natural and social sciences show growing interest in studying interactions between society and wildlife. A wealth of theoretical frameworks, concepts, and methods are used, but an integration of perspectives is lacking. This research note summarizes results from two workshops that included 63 delegates from 25 European countries, as well as a follow-up survey of 41 respondents. Two main theoretical approaches to the study of human–wildlife interactions were identified. One approach focuses on the collective societal level relying on theories of governance, social representation, deliberative procedures, and commons theory. The other approach targets individuals or groups, and is based on theories such as the cognitive hierarchy, theory of reasoned action, and theory of planned behavior. Interdisciplinary collaboration is needed to identify the best options for wildlife conservation and management in a more politically integrated Europe.     

Analysis of Project Audit''s Function and Civil Action

Audit takes a unique status and has obvious function in financial surveillance system.The Audit is used to superintend the factuality,validity and virtue of fiscal and financial income and expenses.In the renewed China Audit law the functions and status of official audit have been intensified,and the qualification and status of Audit department as executing office is confirmed.This paper analyzed the official construction project audit's function and legal status.     

Anthelmintic Actions of the Cyclic Depsipeptide PF1022A and its Electrophysiological Effects on Muscle Cells of Ascaris suum

The cyclic depsipeptide PF1022A, given orally to mice, showed very good anthelmintic activity against Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Heterakis spumosa at 50 mg kg⁻¹. In vitro, PF1022A was very active against Trichinella spiralis and had good activity against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis at 1 μg ml⁻¹. An 18-membered enniatin analogue, JES 1798, showed good activity only against N. brasiliensis at 10 μg ml⁻¹. The optical antipode of PF1022A had poor activity even at 100 μg ml⁻¹. The effects of PF1022A on the membrane potential and input conductance of somatic muscle of Ascaris suum were examined using a two-microelectrode current-clamp technique. PF1022A did not antagonize the effects of the selective nicotinic agonist levamisole. PF1022A and an analogue, JES 1798, but not the PF1022A antipode, produced a small time-dependent increase in input conductance associated with no potential change. The increase in input conductance did not occur in the Cl⁻-free bathing solution, suggesting that the increase in input conductance was mediated by Cl⁻ ions. The addition of high concentrations of Ca²⁺ to the preparation after the addition of PF1022A did not lead to production of Ca²⁺-activated Cl⁻ channels, suggesting that its mode of action was not that of a Ca²⁺ ionophore. The mechanism by which the cyclic depsipeptide might increase the Cl⁻ conductance is discussed.     

石菖蒲提取物对玉米象的驱避和触杀作用

测定了石菖蒲4种溶剂提取物对玉米象成虫的驱避和触杀作用。结果表明:石菖蒲的4种溶剂提取物对玉米象成虫均有很好的驱避效果,60 h驱避等级均达到Ⅲ和Ⅳ级。4种溶剂的提取物均对玉米象成虫有明显的触杀作用,毒力回归方程及LC50分别为:无水乙醇提取物:y=4.37 2.13x,1.97 mg/cm2;丙酮提取物:y=4.53 1.42x,2.14 mg/cm2;乙酸乙脂提取物:y=4.52 2.10x,1.69 mg/cm2;石油醚提取物:y=4.23 2.32x,2.15 mg/cm2。     

杉木全同胞家系的遗传分析及重要树冠因子的筛选

通过对5年生杉木6×6全双列杂交(Griffing Ⅲ)试验林的调查与分析,研究杉木若干性状的遗传与变异规律,并筛选决定理想株型的重要树冠结构因子,为杂交育种和杉木理想株型无性系选育提供科学依据。运用转化分析法来处理不平衡试验数据,结合配合力分析法、相关分析法和通径分析法,研究杉木遗传变异、基因作用方式和重要树冠因子的选择。通过对杉木若干性状进行研究,获得了不同性状遗传变异大小。结果表明,杉木材积、枝下高和饱满度等性状具有中度遗传变性,树高、胸径具有窄的遗传变异性,同时杉木改良性状具有中度以上的遗传力,因此杉木生长形质性状宜采用连续多世代改良;在杉木生长、形质性状和树冠结构性状中,12个研究性状有8个重要性状的基因作用方式以非加性遗传基因效应为主,杉木高世代育种亲本是多世代与高强度选择的产物,杂合体居多,杉木的多性状、高世代遗传改良以杂交育种为主;生长、形质和树冠结构性状间具有明显的遗传相关性,通径分析揭示:决定杉木理想株型育种中重要树冠结构性状是冠形率和树冠表面积大小。由此可见:杉木多性状、多世代连续改良以杂交育种为主,杉木无性系理想株型选择时,应注重冠形率和树冠表面积的作用。     

微生态制剂在养殖业上的应用

随着科学的发展和社会的进步,在畜牧生产上使用抗生素的弊端不断显露出来,人们迫切声要寻找一种抗生素的替代产品,在能够提高动物生产性能的同时又健康环保。微生态制剂由此应运而生。它以其安全无害、无残留、不产生耐药性的优势成为各国学者研究的热点。文章主要介绍了微生态制剂的作用机理及其在养殖业上的应用现状。     

影响抗药性杂草发生的因素

文章主要讨论了影响杂草抗药性快速发展的一些主要因素。影响杂草抗药性发展的主要因素是由于一类或一种除草剂以及使用作用靶标相同的不同类型的除草剂的大面积和长期连续使用。另外除草剂和杂草的一些特性也影响杂草的抗药性的快速发展。     

杀虫剂新产品田间药效试验评价概述

本文梳理了2015年~2017年开展田间小区药效试验的18个含新有效成分的杀虫剂产品,其中双酰胺类6个、新烟碱类3个、介离子类2个、杀螞剂3个、其它类型4个。在9大类作物的14种害虫上进行了田间药效试验,本文归纳了上述新杀虫剂有效成分的作用机理及田间药效试验情况。     

西藏农业现代化对城镇化发展的作用机制研究

农业现代化提高了农业生产力水平,进而扩大农业对城市发展的贡献,推动城市化进程。根据农业对城市化发展的贡献,本文构建农业生产力水平、农业产出水平、农业产业化水平、农业经济结构、农村社会发展水平和农业生态环境发展水平6个维度的农业现代化评价指标体系,分析1990—2019年间西藏农业现代化发展和城镇化发展水平,探讨农业现代化对城镇化发展的作用机制。结果表明,西藏农业现代化水平由1990年的1.22上升至2019年的17.65;与此同时,西藏城镇化水平从1990年的16.36提升至2019年的31.54。西藏农业现代化对城镇化发展起显著的正向作用,其作用机制是通过提升农业贡献和改变城乡推拉力实现的;西藏农业现代化各维度对城镇化发展的作用效果不一致,该异质性根源于农业贡献对城镇化作用的社会发展阶段差异。因此,为了进一步提升西藏农业现代化水平,强化农业贡献对城镇化发展的作用,本文建议加强西藏农业现代化方面的援藏投入,深化农业机械化普及以提升西藏农业生产力水平和农业产出水平,发展西藏特色农牧产品加工业以提升西藏农业产业化水平,活跃农村商品市场、扩大农牧民增收以提升西藏农村社会发展水平。