基于RFID/GIS物联网的肉品跟踪及追溯系统设计与实现

为了提高肉品跟踪与追溯系统信息的实时性、准确性和可靠性,该文介绍了无线射频识别技术（RFID）、物联网及电子产品代码（EPC）系统相关技术,提出了基于无线射频识别技术的肉品企业资源平台架构,详细研究和分析了肉品销售阶段的信息流程,设计了基于无线射频识别技术的肉品销售跟踪及追溯体系,包括跟踪系统和追溯系统。跟踪系统通过在销售节点上的产品电子代码系统,对附有无线射频识别芯片标签的肉品信息进行跟踪。追溯系统通过对象名解析服务（ONS）服务器,查出肉品销售相关节点实体标记语言（PML）服务器的地址,进而获得肉品的     

基于变频恒压控制下的喷微灌单元设计法及应用

利用机电泵加压进行喷微灌过程中,机电泵通常是利用工频电源(50 H z)作恒速运行,无法调节泵的运行特性与管网实际变化的运行状况相适应。在分析变频恒压控制系统原理的基础上,针对喷微灌技术应用中存在的问题,提出了喷微灌系统的单元设计法,对喷微灌系统压力进行分单元、分级控制,极大的提高了灌水均匀度,能够实现适时适量的科学灌水要求,同时具有显著的节水节能效益。     

稻谷热风辅助射频干燥工艺及相关品质研究

新型热风辅助射频(HA-RF)技术已被证实在稻谷杀虫方面具有良好的效果,为探究其同步杀虫干燥的应用潜力,本研究重在探究HA-RF在稻谷干燥方面的效能,开发稻谷HA-RF干燥工艺并研究相关的品质变化.结果表明:极板间距为10.0 cm(射频加热速率6.10℃/min),干燥温度为60℃,样品厚度为3.0 cm时,稻谷HA-RF干燥效能最佳;HA-RF与热风(HA)干燥相比可缩短干燥时间34.6％,单位能耗也更低.此外,HA-RF与HA干燥相比对稻谷精米率、整精米率和爆腰率的影响无显著差异,但HA-RF干燥可以更好地保留维生素E,且对样品颜色和微观结构的影响也较小.该研究表明HA-RF是一种比HA干燥更加高效节能的技术,且干燥后稻谷品质更好,在稻谷同步干燥杀虫上具有一定应用潜力.     

基于模糊Borda法的番茄营养液滴灌频率研究

为实现设施番茄准确有效施肥管理,以改良金棚8号番茄为试验材料,常规基质栽培番茄营养液管理方式为对照(CK),将番茄结果时期与营养液滴灌频率2因子完全交互耦合,番茄结果期划分为结果前期(第3穗果坐果～第1穗果成熟)和结果后期(第1穗果成熟～第5穗果成熟),各结果期滴灌频率均设置1、3、5次/d共3个频率(供应营养液总量相同),共10个处理,研究不同耦合处理对番茄不同层果实品质和产量的影响。利用主成分分析法、逼近理想解排序法、隶属函数分析法、灰色关联度分析法4种单一综合评价方法对番茄多层果实进行品质-产量单一算法综合评价,对通过事前一致性检验(Kendall-W)的单一综合评价结果进行模糊Borda组合评价,确定最优营养液滴灌频率方案。结果表明,耦合处理能显著增加番茄产量,不同层果实品质指标最优时,对应的耦合处理不同。4种单一综合评价方法的排序结果存在差异,Kendall-W一致性检验的协和系数为0.920,满足模糊Borda组合评价条件。主成分分析法与模糊Borda法的排序结果相关系数最高,为0.988。基于模糊Borda组合评价方法得出,结果前期1次/d、结果后期3次/d的滴灌频率可兼...     

非独立悬架和独立悬架三轮汽车特性计算与比较

计算了非独立钢板弹簧后悬架和单横摆臂式独立后悬架三轮汽车的平顺性和操纵稳定性指标,通过比较可见,具有单横摆独立后悬架的三轮汽车有较好的平顺性和操纵稳定性,并建立了计算三轮汽车车架侧倾角的公式。     

Effects of dietary macronutrient level and feeding frequency on growth and body composition of juvenile rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli)

An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary macronutrient level and feeding frequency on the growth, feed utilization, and body composition of juvenile rockfish. Triplicate groups of fish (body weight of 4.1 g) were fed the experimental diets containing either high levels of carbohydrate (HC, 35%), lipid (HL, 13%), or protein (HP, 55%) at different feeding frequencies (twice daily, once daily, and once every 2 days). Weight gain was affected by feeding frequency but not by dietary composition. Weight gain of fish fed the diets once every 2 days was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of other groups. Daily feed intake and energy intake were affected by both dietary composition and feeding frequency. Daily feed intake of fish fed the HC diet was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of fish fed the HL and HP diets at the same feeding frequency. Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were affected by both dietary composition and feeding frequency and decreased with increasing feeding frequency in the same dietary composition. Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the HC diet were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of fish fed the HL diet at the same feeding frequency. Whole-body lipid content of fish fed the HL diet was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of fish fed the HC and HP diets at the same feeding frequency. These results indicate that an increase of dietary lipid level compared with dietary carbohydrate level may have the advantage of a protein-sparing effect at same feeding frequency, and a once-daily feeding regime is more effective than twice daily or one feeding every 2 days to improve growth performance of juvenile rockfish grown from 4 to 21 g.     

Growth rates and survival of western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) at two temperatures (ambient and 23 °C) and two feeding frequencies

Wild caught post-pueruli, year one and year two post settlement juvenile western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus, were held at ambient temperatures (15.6 °C to 23.1 °C; mean 19.0 ± 0.07 °C) or at 23 °C, and fed the same ration of a formulated pellet diet either once per night, or 3 times per night, over 12 months, to determine whether elevated temperatures and multiple feeds per night would stimulate growth through increased metabolism and feed utilisation without significant negative impacts on survival. Survival of post-pueruli (mean 63%) did not differ between ambient and 23 °C. Survival of year 1 and 2 juveniles was higher at ambient temperatures (p < 0.01 ambient: year 1 juveniles, 68%; year 2 juveniles, 88%; 23 °C: 57% and 74%, respectively). Feeding frequency did not affect survival of post-pueruli and year 2 juveniles (mean 63%, 81% respectively), but survival was 9% higher for year 1 juveniles fed three times per night (58% versus 67%; p < 0.01). All lobsters grew faster at 23 °C than at ambient temperatures (p < 0.05), with the growth of post-pueruli almost doubled at 23 °C (weight gain at 23 °C versus ambient: post-pueruli, 18 438 % versus 9 915 %; year 1 juveniles 259% versus 165%; year 2 juveniles 23% versus 21%). Feed frequency did not influence the growth of year 1 and 2 juveniles. However, there was an interaction effect of temperature and feed frequency on post-pueruli where weight and carapace length were significantly higher at ambient temperatures when post-pueruli were fed three times a day, whereas at 23 °C weight and carapace length were significantly greater when fed once per day (p < 0.05). Feed intake (g pellet dry matter lobster^− 1 day^− 1) of pellet was higher at 23 °C for all lobsters (p < 0.05), but was the same between lobsters fed 3 times per night versus once per night. This study has shown that increasing temperatures to 23 °C significantly improved the growth of P. cygnus post-pueruli without any adverse effects on survival. The faster growth rates exhibited by year 1 and 2 juveniles at 23 °C may potentially offset their lower survival by significantly reducing culture period. There is no benefit of feeding P. cygnus multiple times at night in terms of growth and survival. The implications for P. cygnus culture are that temperatures should be maintained close to 23 °C during the entire growout period, with due care taken to minimise mortalities through adequate provision of food and shelter. Feeding P. cygnus once daily to excess just prior to dusk to co-incide with nocturnal feeding behaviour is recommended.     

江西一季籼粳杂交稻稻曲病防治药剂及次数研究

选择合适的防治药剂和防治次数是减轻稻曲病危害的关键。本研究以籼粳杂交稻甬优12为材料,比较了6种药剂和3种喷施次数对稻曲病的防控效果和产量性状差异。结果表明,在6种药剂中,阿米妙收处理的病穗率防效和病指防效最好,分别达到91.53%和96.63%,但与其他药剂无显著性差异。在防治次数上,爱苗和拿敌稳均为防治3次的处理病指防效最好,分别为81.73%和80.15%,显著高于防治次数3次以下的处理。阿米妙收处理的产量最高,达11 719.52 kg/hm~2,显著高于其他处理。     

灌水次数和施钾量对冬小麦茎秆形态特征和抗倒性的影响

为进一步明确兼顾节水高产抗倒的最佳灌水与施钾量组合,以冬小麦品种藁优2018为材料,通过二因素随机区组试验,研究了3种灌水次数(不灌溉、灌拔节水、灌拔节水和扬花水)和4个施钾量(施K_2O0、75、150和225kg·hm~(-2))对冬小麦茎秆形态特征和抗倒性的影响。结果表明,随灌水次数和施钾量的增加,小麦株高和重心高度显著增高,茎秆基部2个节间的单位长度干重、直径、机械强度和抗倒指数显著增加。而茎秆壁仅随施钾量的增加而显著增厚。小麦产量和3个产量构成因素也随灌水次数和施钾量的增加而增加,但4个施钾量之间的千粒重差异不显著,K225与K150之间的穗数、穗粒数和籽粒产量差异不显著。茎秆抗倒指数与茎秆基部第1、2节间的单位长度干重、直径呈极显著正相关,与株高、重心高度也呈极显著正相关。综合各项指标,春季在拔节期和扬花期灌2次水,施K_2O 150kg·hm~(-2)有利于实现小麦高产和钾肥高效,且茎秆抗倒性能较好。     

轴流泵多目标优化正交试验

为了整体提高轴流泵的水力优化设计水平,找出影响轴流泵性能的主要几何参数,运用正交试验方法,以扬程、效率、轴功率和压力脉动作为试验评判指标,将综合频率分析法应用到轴流泵多目标优化设计中。基于L_9(3~4)正交表得到了9组方案,研究叶片数、翼型、轮毂比和叶片与导叶间距离对轴流泵的扬程、效率、轴功率和压力脉动的影响规律,并通过综合频率分析法确定了一组最佳试验方案。结果表明:该最佳试验方案在设计流量下,水流在叶轮及导叶段中的流态较好,水流流线顺畅,分布相对均匀;轴流泵模型在流量和扬程满足改型要求的同时,效率提高了5.7%;轴功率下降了1.21%;压力脉动系数降低了11%,验证了综合频率分析法在多目标正交优化中的可行性。