高速公路坡面防护草种选择和应用技术研究

根据试验及调查结果，分析研究了护坡草皮生长及水土保持效果的评价指标，分析评价了不同草种，选用不同的种植方法，在不同季节种植的生长状况和水土保持效果，并根据防护效果和不同的工程造价，确立适宜于我省或相近气候区域内公路坡面防护的优良草种及其种植方法。     

The method for designing the profile of forest roads supported by genetic algorithm

This study examines a method for designing an optimum profile of a forest road in a short matter of time. In this method, a genetic algorithm (GA) searches for points where the gradient changes and dynamic programing (DP) designs the longitudinal slope. This method can be applied to the ground heights of an actual forest road. The evaluation function of the DP assesses the total expenditure. The inverse of this function is the fitness function. Crossover and mutation are operators of an evolution simulation of a GA. They are each repeated 20 times and 420 profiles are designed and assessed, all within about 10 min. A comparison of the profile designed by the GA with that of an actual forest road shows only one section where the formation level differed substantially. Overall, both profiles seem to show a high degree of correspondence. From this result, we believe that the profile designed by the GA is best, or the one of the best. A conventional method takes about 65 h to calculate all changing points of gradients. However, by using the GA, the calculation time was reduced to about 1/389 that of the coventional method, showing that the method which uses the GA through the profile design is very useful.     

中小跨径弯斜桥的几何设计探讨

弯斜桥梁的几何设计思路是影响设计、施工的重要因素，文中提出了桥梁受公路线形制约时的几何布置形式，公路弯斜桥几何设计的特点、类型、方法和影响因素。在不增加设计难度的情况下，通过桥梁的几何布置达到改善公路线形的目的。结合黑龙江省望奎至灵山乡公路桥梁设计的实例加以说明。     

香根草防治公路边坡水土流失试验研究

香根草在公路边坡上试验种植后生长情况良好，其发达的根系能有效治理公路边坡的水土流失．是生物工程治理公路边坡的一种较好植物，有推广发展的价值。     

河网平原地区雨水管道设计方法的探讨

本文结合河网平源地区的水文地理特点，提出了雨水管道设计中管径确定与管道埋设分别独立进行，水力计算采用统一的水力坡降，管道埋设采用统一的安装坡度，以及提倡管底平接等设计思想与计算方法。     

浅谈屋面形式与防水卷材的应用及施工

为了保证屋面工程的功能和质量，屋面防水技术的提高与应用尤为重要，本文叙述了屋面形式和防水技术的应用，提醒工程施工人员在屋面防水施工中应注意的事项。     

干热河谷冲沟侵蚀劣地不同坡位草被生长和土壤水分关系研究

金沙江干热河谷区冲沟侵蚀极为发育,形成大量侵蚀劣地,对该区域侵蚀劣地不同坡位草被生长特征和土壤水分状况进行了调查分析。结果表明,1)侵蚀劣地不同坡位草被生长差异较大,草被盖度和地上生物量大小均表现为:坡上部坡中部坡下部,且坡下部与坡上部和坡中部之间草被生长状况存在极显著差异(P0.01);2)同等降雨状况下,不同坡位土壤水分含量随时间延长均呈现指数递减趋势,但其衰减速率不同,导致土壤水分含量存在差异,衰减速率表现为:坡上部坡中部坡下部,土壤水分含量表现为相反顺序;3)监测时段内土壤水分(土壤平均含水量和末次土壤含水量)与草被覆盖度和生物量之间均呈现极显著正相关关系(P0.01),说明侵蚀劣地不同坡位下土壤水分差异是决定草被生长差异的关键因素。     

杉檫混交根系效应的研究

In this paper,the root system and their associated effect of mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Sassafras tsumu at eight-year-old were investigated and analyzed.The results showed that Sassafras tsumu might play a important role in improving the root system of Cunninghamia lanceolata growth due to the single root weight of Cunninghamia lanceolata in mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Sassafras tsumu was evidently more than that of Cunninghamia lanceolata in pure forest,and that there were different mixed effects in mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Sassafra tsumu in different slope situation,which meant that the associated effect was better in higher slope situation than in lower slope situation,and which reflected in the effect of Sassafra tsumu to the height and D.B.H.growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata.This Study indicated that the associated effect was positively related to the effect of roots system.     

坡向和海拔对乌孙山草地植物群落特征及物种多样性的影响

【目的】研究不同坡向、不同海拔梯度的草地植物群落特征差异,为合理利用草地资源提供科学依据。【方法】以位于西天山支脉乌孙山南麓的昭苏县和乌孙山北麓的察布查尔县天然草地为对象,采用典型的样方调查法,分析不同坡向(南坡、北坡)和海拔梯度(1 600~3 000 m)的草地植物群落物种组成,群落数量特征、物种多样性,研究草地植物群落物种多样性在不同海拔和坡向上的分布规律。【结果】同一海拔梯度上,南坡植物物种数多于北坡;在不同坡向上,基本上南坡各海拔草地植物群落高度大于北坡,而密度和盖度小于北坡。南坡各多样性指数沿着海拔高度变化呈现出双峰格局;北坡Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数沿着海拔高度变化均呈现出波浪型变化趋势,Patrick指数则呈现出双峰格局。【结论】乌孙山植物群落特征及物种多样性的变化是由海拔和坡向为主的多种环境因子综合作用的结果。     

不同坡位香椿人工林生长和林分结构差异

研究香椿人工林在不同坡位的生长差异,为香椿人工林的培育生产提供参考。以32~39年生香椿人工林为对象,按照不同坡位（上、中、下）设置样地,测定样地内的香椿生长指标;使用Weibull函数对不同坡位林分直径分布结构进行分析;通过林木分级统计并分析各样地林分特征;解析不同坡位香椿人工林的生长过程。结果表明,试验区香椿人工林呈中高度郁闭,下坡位香椿平均树高为13.71 m,胸径为21.32 cm,南北冠幅为5.29 m,均显著最高,而上坡对应各生长指标显著最低。不同坡位香椿人工林径阶分布的Weibull模型拟合效果为下坡＞上坡＞中坡,拟合形状参数c均在1.0~3.6,为单峰左偏状分布,c_下坡＞c_上坡＞c_中坡,下坡趋向于竞争期更稳定的自然稀疏后期。下坡林分林木分级集中在Ⅱ、Ⅲ级,占81.48%,而上坡Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级林木占比分别为19.23%、21.79%、37.18%、20.51%,并存有少量Ⅴ级木,林木分级分布相对分散。解析香椿人工林生长过程显示,胸径、树高、材积总生长量均为下坡＞中坡＞下坡。试验区下坡的香椿人工林树高、胸径及冠幅均有生长优势。全试验区林分径阶分布呈单峰左偏状分布,下坡林分趋向于更稳定的自然稀疏后期,且林木分级多集中于Ⅱ、Ⅲ级,胸径、树高、材积总生长量最高。