天山北坡融雪期林地、草地、裸地积雪特性及其影响因素分析

[目的]对比分析天山北坡不同下垫面融雪期积雪特性(积雪深度、积雪密度、液态含水率、雪层温度)及其影响因素.[方法]通过对融雪期林地、草地、裸地积雪特性、气象因子(气温、太阳辐射、空气相对湿度)和土壤因子(土壤含水率、土壤温度)等数据进行实时监测,利用Pearson相关分析方法对比分析气象因子、土壤因子与3种下垫面积雪特...     

卷荚相思在福建五台山林场的生长表现

在五台山林场引种卷荚相思3年试验结果表明,卷荚相思能适应林场的立地和气候条件,生长快且好,胸径和树高年生长量分别为3 cm,2.5 m;不同坡向,坡位,立地条件下卷荚相思生长差异显著,试验结果表明,五台山地区比较适合种植卷荚相思,尽管在冬季有严重的霜冻,但试验林未出现严重寒害。     

不同地被物处理方式对红壤坡地养分状况的影响

选择3种不同水保措施的径流小区,即百喜草(Paspalum natatu)全园覆盖处理、全园敷盖处理和全园裸露处理,分析和测定了不同坡位和深度土层中土壤有机质、全N和全P空间异质性之间的关系。结果表明:(1)有机质含量随着土层增加整体呈先增加后减少的趋势,在自上而下坡面上,有机质含量全园覆盖区无明显变化,全园敷盖区有递增趋势,全园裸露区则先增加后减少;(2)全N含量随着深度加深均呈下降趋势,各处理间无显著性差异。在坡面上,全N含量大小为:全园覆盖区全园敷盖区全园裸露区,且全园敷盖处理在坡面中部有富集作用,全园覆盖和全园裸露处理自上而下呈下降趋势;(3)全P含量随着土层加深,全园覆盖区逐渐减少,全园敷盖区和全园裸露区先增加后减少。在坡面上,全P含量大小为:全园敷盖区全园覆盖区全园裸露区,且在坡面中部有富集作用。该研究可为亚热带地区红壤坡地养分恢复途径提供科学依据。     

抚顺西排土场矸石山阴坡物种多样性变化特征

抚顺西排土场矸石山阴坡随着排矸年限的增加，物种多样性发生变化，物种数由初期的4科5种增至后期14科29种。植被由最初的鹅绒藤＋豚草＋刺蒺藜群落，逐步演变到榆树群落。在阴坡，不同排矸年限的样地，植物群落多样性指数随着排矸时间的延长而增加；物种综合多样性指数、丰富度指数与排矸年限呈显著正相关关系。     

坡长对径流及侵蚀的影响

张家口市水保试验站坡长小区五年观测资料表明,降雨强度影响径流量、侵蚀量随坡长的变化。降雨强度较小时,径流量不能用坡长与降雨强度的乘积代替,侵蚀量随坡长增加较慢。降雨强度较大时,径流量可用坡长与降雨强度的乘积代替,侵蚀量方程中坡长指数较大。     

干热河谷旱坡地生态农业可持续发展探索与实践——以金沙江元谋干热河谷为例

依据干热河谷生态环境和自然资源的特点,结合生态农业在金沙江典型区域元谋干热河谷的实践经验和成果,分析、探讨了在干热河谷发展旱坡地生态农业的优势和必要性,并提出在该区域发展旱坡地生态农业存在的问题和对策,旨在为干热河谷区域的生态建设和农村经济的发展提供参考,并为干热河谷旱坡地生态农业的持续发展,实现生态、经济双赢目标寻求新路子。     

Restoration of Gypsicolous Vegetation on Quarry Slopes: Guidance for Hydroseeding under Contrasting Inclination and Aspect

The establishment of gypsicolous vegetation of high conservation value on land impacted by quarrying requires restoration measures to overcome constraints imposed by the new landforms created in the process. The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of three standard hydroseeding methods to restore gypsicolous vegetation on quarry spoil slopes under a dry Mediterranean climate. The treatments were as follows: paper cellulose mulch, paper cellulose mulch + organic blanket, and wood fibre mulch, compared against a control. These treatments were tested on two slopes (10–15% vs 60–65%) and two contrasting aspects (north vs south). We evaluated the cover of all plant species 2·8 years after treatment, assessing both target gypsicolous species and non‐target species. Our results showed strong compositional and cover differences between hydroseeded and control plots. Control plots had a low cover of target species with a vegetation composed of early‐successional species that had the potential to hinder target species establishment over time. All hydroseeding treatments improved target vegetation cover, with wood fibre performing best in most situations studied here, alternatives being the cheaper but less effective paper mulch on shallow slopes, or the more expensive paper mulch + blanket on steep slopes in case of high erosion risk. Shallow and southern‐steep slopes were more suitable for the recovery of gypsum vegetation by hydroseeding, compared to northern‐steep slopes where non‐target species developed more readily outcompeting target species. These results will help to guide management decisions to restore gypsicolous vegetation by hydroseeding in disturbed gypsum habitats. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈坡面覆盖材料

介绍了国内外坡面覆盖材料的发展情况,对常见材料进行分类和介绍,定义了一些专业名词,并展望我国边坡覆盖材料的发展前景。     

基于杭金衢高速公路义乌段岩体边坡人工复绿模式的分析

边坡是近年来道路建设所形成的产物,边坡绿化工程也已成为路桥建设中的一项重要工程。本文通过对杭金衢高速公路义乌段边坡的立地条件等因素和当下边坡护坡技术的分析,结果显示:在植物材料选择和播植上,应选择耐瘠薄、耐干旱、抗性强、绿化效果快、养护简便的植物;在复绿方式上,可采用液压喷播法、金属网钢筋或高强塑料网锚播植被法、草块铺植式等。     

放牧对新疆天山山地草甸土壤团聚体和土壤呼吸潜力的影响

放牧是新疆山地草甸重要的利用方式,探明放牧对草地土壤呼吸的影响机制,可为深入了解草地碳汇功能,合理的利用草地提供参考依据。本研究在天山北坡中段山地草甸开展,以长期放牧和围封草地(CK)的土壤为研究对象,采用干筛法将土壤筛分为＜0.25 mm,0.25~1 mm,1~2 mm,2~4 mm粒径的土壤团聚体,并测定了各粒径团聚体的比例、土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、土壤β-木糖苷酶、土壤N-乙酰-β-D葡萄糖苷酶活性及其21天的CO₂释放量。研究结果表明：放牧显著增加了＜0.25 mm粒径的团聚体比例,降低了＜0.25 mm,1~2 mm土壤团聚体的CO₂释放量;＜0.25 mm粒径土壤团聚体CO₂释放量均显著高于其他粒径;三种土壤酶活性在＜0.25 mm,1~2 mm粒径的土壤团聚体中与土壤呼吸表现出显著的正相关。综合分析表明,在天山北坡中段山地草甸,放牧会抑制＜0.25 mm,1~2 mm团聚体酶活性,降低土壤呼吸,使得草地整体代谢速率降低。