抚河源生态功能区生态承载力分析

采用生态足迹计算方法,对抚河源生态功能区的生态足迹和生态承载力进行了研究。结果表明,抚河源生态功能区的人类负荷超过了其生态容量,基于现状提出了实现抚河源生态功能区可持续发展的对策.     

重庆市不同土地利用碳排放及碳足迹分析

以重庆市为例,运用1997-2009年重庆市不同土地利用面积数据和能源消费量数据,采用碳排放模型、碳足迹模型,对重庆市13年来不同土地利用方式碳排放量和能源碳足迹进行核算,分析不同土地利用方式碳排放效益、碳排放量的影响因素以及能源消费碳足迹变化。结果表明:(1)重庆市碳排放总量呈直线增加趋势,年均增加210.69万t。(2)建设用地是主要碳源,林地是主要碳汇,建设用地碳排放量增幅远远大于林地的碳汇增幅。(3)碳排放强度总体上呈下降趋势,由1997年的1.77t/万元下降到2009年的1.38t/万元,年均下降1.12%,小于11.5%的GDP增长率。(4)产业结构和经济增长促进碳排放量增加,能源结构对碳排放量影响不大,能源效率改进是13年来重庆市碳排放强度下降的关键原因。(5)能源消费总碳足迹逐年增加,2002年后年均增加93.75万hm2,生态承载力也有所增加,但远远不及总碳足迹的增加速度,生态赤字逐年扩大;森林碳足迹和煤炭能源碳足迹是主要的碳足迹。     

合肥市生态足迹动态分析

生态足迹作为度量区域生态可持续性的方法已经得到越来越广的应用,是城市可持续发展的重要指标。该文利用合肥市2000—2004年数据,分别计算了当地生态足迹、生态承载力、生态赤字以及万元GDP生态足迹。结果表明合肥市生态足迹呈上升趋势且大大高于当地的生态承载力,生态赤字现象严重。人均生态赤字由2000年的1.7041hm~2/人增长到2004年的2.10108hm~2/人。生态供需平衡依赖其他地区的生态输入。而万元GDP生态足迹则呈下降趋势,由2000年的2.545955减少为2004年的1.791977,表明在工业、经济的增长过程中对资源的利用率和效率有所提高。     

生态足迹法在煤炭矿区规划环评中的应用及对策探讨

从数据统计不合理、参数选取的针对性不足、忽略土地质量和功能的复杂性等几个方面分析了生态承载为评价方法存在的问题。针对这些问题,提出了合理确定生态足迹评价范围,根据矿区实际情况修正相关参数,增强生态足迹动态预测功能,结合其他方法对比印证提出了相应的对策与建议。     

On concentration footprints for a tall tower in the presence of a nocturnal low-level jet

This paper reports on the location of sources contributing to a point concentration measurement in the stable boundary layer. Concentration footprints for sensors located at different heights during the night are examined using a backward-in-time Lagrangian stochastic dispersion model. Simulations of air parcel transport in a non-steady-state atmospheric boundary layer above a bare surface and a forest under different insolation suggest that sources located as far as several hundred kms away contribute to a concentration measurement made at levels as high as 500 m. The origin of the maximal contribution area shifts during the night depending on the wind direction at the sensor location, a feature most prominent in the presence of decoupling between sensor levels and surface sources. Simulations suggest that atmospheric static stability alone is not a sufficient criterion to trigger flow decoupling. The presence of the low-level jet provides vertical mixing of air parcels even for stable boundary layers with Richardson numbers higher than the critical. This finding is in agreement with earlier observations suggesting that the level of the low-level jet nose acts as a strong lid prohibiting vertical gas propagation. These findings have important implications in the interpretation of eddy-flux measurements in nocturnal conditions.     

浙江省水资源生态足迹时空格局

[目的]研究浙江省水资源生态足迹时空格局,并对浙江省及各市水资源可持续利用水平进行评价,为区域发展和相关政策的制定提供必要的理论指导和依据。[方法]以生态足迹理论为基础,运用水资源生态足迹和生态承载力模型,核算浙江省及其各市水资源生态足迹和生态承载力。[结果]从时间序列看,2003—2013年浙江省整体水资源生态足迹呈较小波动的上升趋势;水资源生态承载力波动较大;人均水资源生态量均为盈余,且整体为上升趋势;水资源利用处于安全状态;水资源利用效率逐步提高。从空间差异看:浙江省各市水资源生态足迹可分为高值、中值和低值3个级别;水资源生态承载力和人均水资源量均呈自西南向东北递减格局;南部地区水资源生态安全程度高于北部地区;东部地区水资源利用效率高于西部和北部地区。[结论]浙江省整体水资源可持续利用水平逐步提高,但内部差异显著。为提高水资源利用科学化水平,浙江省及其各市应从发展阶段和发展目标出发,合理调整产业结构,建设相关水利工程设施,加强水资源循环利用,增强水资源保障。     

辽宁省生态足迹动态变化分析

生态足迹方法是定量测度区域发展可持续状态的一种简易方法。运用生态足迹计算模型测算了1998～2007年辽宁省的生态足迹和生态赤字。结果表明,辽宁省人均生态足迹总体上呈现逐年扩大的趋势,由1998年的3.024hm2/人上升到2007年的4.738hm2/人;人均生态承载能力呈现缓慢的下降趋势,下降速率为4.8%;生态赤字逐渐增大,由1998年的2.342hm2/人上升到2007年的4.088hm2/人,生态处于不可持续发展状态;万元GDP生态足迹整体呈下降趋势,从3.211hm2/万元下降到1.850hm2/万元,表明资源利用效率越来越高,经济发展能力逐步提高。     

渭南市生态足迹与生态安全动态研究

利用生态足迹方法对陕西省渭南市1985年~2003年的生态足迹与生态安全进行了定量研究,该市人均生态足迹由1985年的1.3792hm2逐年增加至2003年的2.3516hm2,而实际人均生态承载力则波动在0.5252(0.4726~0.5917)hm2左右,人均生态赤字从1985年的0.8423hm2增至2003年的1.8291hm2。生态压力指数从1985年的0.82逐年增至2003年的1.29,同期生态占用指数从0.63增至1.08,生态经济协调指数波动在0.58~0.88之间。说明渭南市现有的发展模式是不可持续的,生态环境处于稍不安全状态,社会经济发展与生态环境的协调性很差。     

灌区蓝绿水资源与作物生产水足迹多时空分布量化分析

作物生产水足迹度量作物生产过程对不同类型水资源的消耗,为实现农业水资源管理与评价提供了更全面的新视角.该研究通过耦合土壤水分动态平衡模块,考虑输配水损失,构建灌区蓝、绿水资源与作物生产水足迹多时间尺度分布式量化模型;以宝鸡峡灌区为例,定量评价不同典型年灌区蓝绿水资源与作物生产水足迹多时间尺度演变规律.结果表明:宝鸡峡灌...     

What is the ecological footprint of aquaculture after 5 decades of competition between mangrove conservation and shrimp farm development?

1. Among the several threats to the conservation of mangrove ecosystems in most South Asian countries, shrimp farming is predominant. Since the introduction of shrimp farming in Sri Lanka in the 1980s, mangroves on the island’s north-western coast have been continually cleared to create new shrimp farms, leading to a decline in the social-ecological services provided by the mangrove ecosystems.
2. Using aerial (1973) and satellite (1996–2020) images, this study assessed areal changes in mangroves and shrimp farms in the Pambala-Chilaw lagoon complex and Ihala Mahawewa, as well as the ecological footprint of shrimp farming in the study area.
3. Mangroves around the Chilaw lagoon had decreased in areal extent by 45% from 1973 to 2020 of which 92% of this change was attributed to shrimp farming. There was, however, a decrease in the areal extent of shrimp farms from 2001 to 2020, and a corresponding increase in mangroves from 2006 to 2020.
4. The ecological footprint of shrimp farming was assessed by comparing the expected surface ratios with those recorded for shrimp farms with mangroves and surface water bodies in the study area from 1973 to 2020. The results showed that the current shrimp farming was unsustainable (i.e. high ecological footprint).
5. While the results support the current view that there is cause for cautious optimism with mangrove conservation (as evidenced by an increase in mangrove areal extent), it also reveals that semi-intensive shrimp farming in Sri Lanka and probably other similar tropical countries is unsustainable.
6. If immediate actions such as effective regulation of shrimp farming activities and mangrove restoration are not taken, the mangrove ecosystem will continue to decline.