绿色食品花生基地建设及高产栽培技术研究

选择无工业“三废”污染、符合环境(土壤、水质、大气)质量标准的生态区域(豫南中小果产区,豫东、豫北大果产区)作为绿色食品花生生产基地。豫南中小果产区采用夏花生地膜覆盖栽培,豫东、豫北大果产区采用小垄宽幅麦套种或大垅宽幅麦套种地膜覆盖栽培,通过选用优良品种,优化配方施肥,综合防治病虫害,农业措施控制黄曲霉污染等措施,花生荚果产量可达6000~7500㎏/hm2,出口价(花生仁)比普通花生高出1200元/t,增收达2700~3600元/hm2。     

几丁质/壳聚糖及其衍生物在食品工业中的应用

几丁质/壳聚糖由于其独特的分子结构而具有很多特殊功能。几丁质/壳聚糖及其衍生物在食品、纺织、印染、造纸、医药、农业、环保、化工等行业有着广阔的应用。在食品工业中,可作为保健食品基料、抗菌剂、果蔬保鲜剂、液体食品的澄清剂、食用包装膜、食品废水处理、饮用水净化剂、固定化酶载体、食品加工剂、霉菌污染检测、肉制品抗氧化剂等。     

粮食安全技术方向选择

从中国粮食生产技术潜力出发,分析了国内粮食增产的现有技术基础,在此基础上提出了中国粮食安全技术方向选择的四大策略：重点突破水稻、小麦、玉米三大粮食作物增产技术体系;重点研究三大平原区域粮食增产技术体系;现有粮食增产技术集成;利用高新农业技术,改造传统农业产业．     

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Study of Deep-Sea-Derived Butyrolactone I in Rats by UHPLC–MS/MS and UHPLC–Q-TOF-MS

Butyrolactone I (BTL-I) is a butanolide isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus, Aspergillus sp. It provides a potential new target for the prevention and treatment of food allergies. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic and pharmacokinetic profile of BTL-I in rats. The metabolic profiles were obtained by UHPLC–Q-TOF-MS. As a result, eleven metabolites were structurally identified, and the proposed metabolic pathways of BTL-I were characterized. The main metabolites were the oxidative and glucuronidative metabolites. In addition, a sensitive UHPLC–MS/MS method was established for the quantitation of BTL-I in rat plasma (LOQ = 2 ng/mL). The method was fully validated and successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of BTL-I in rats after oral administration or intravenous administration. The oral bioavailability was calculated as 6.29%, and the maximum plasma concentrations were 9.85 ± 1.54 ng/mL and 17.97 ± 1.36 ng/mL for intravenous and intragastric dosing groups, respectively.     

食物诱剂和粘胶型球形诱捕器协同防治柑橘大实蝇 效果调查

食物诱剂诱杀成虫是目前防治柑橘大实蝇的最主要措施,但是效果受施药期间的天气制约,周边山林多的橘园防治效果不稳定,5月下旬加挂诱蝇球,能够弥补其不足,提高防治效果。示范区加挂诱蝇球后,大实蝇虫果率显著下降,基本上达到防治标准。     

粮食安全视域下生态低碳农业的发展战略与路径选择

实现粮食安全战略与“双碳”目标是加快农业农村现代化步伐、加快建设农业强国的关键。为助推粮食安全战略与“双碳”目标的同步实现,本研究立足粮食安全视域,阐释生态低碳农业的科学内涵,厘清粮食安全与生态低碳农业的辩证关系,剖析粮食安全战略下生态低碳农业发展面临的问题与挑战,并针对性提出发展战略与推进路径。研究发现,在“大食物观”“大产业观”“大农业观”指导下,生态低碳农业涉及全食物品类、全产业流程、全生活环节。粮食安全是发展生态低碳农业的底线要求,生态低碳农业是可持续保障粮食安全的应有之义。当前,发展生态低碳农业面临自然资源约束、科学技术瓶颈、小农生产模式、居民观念局限等现实困难,亟需探索水地资源拓展、技术创新应用、居民素质提升等有效路径,推动生态低碳农业实现“藏粮于地”“藏粮于技”“藏粮于民”。     

Investigation of Deep-Sea Ecosystems Using Marker Fatty Acids: Sources of Essential Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Abyssal Megafauna

Abyssal seafloor ecosystems cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. Being formed by mainly heterotrophic organisms, they depend on the flux of particulate organic matter (POM) photosynthetically produced in the surface layer of the ocean. As dead phytoplankton sinks from the euphotic to the abyssal zone, the trophic value of POM and the concentration of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decrease. This results in pronounced food periodicity and limitations for bottom dwellers. Deep-sea invertebrate seston eaters and surface deposit feeders consume the sinking POM. Other invertebrates utilize different food items that have undergone a trophic upgrade, with PUFA synthesized from saturated and monounsaturated FA. Foraminifera and nematodes can synthesize arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), while some barophylic bacteria produce EPA and/or docosahexaenoic acid. FA analysis of deep-sea invertebrates has shown high levels of PUFA including, in particular, arachidonic acid, bacterial FA, and a vast number of new and uncommon fatty acids such as 21:4(n-7), 22:4(n-8), 23:4(n-9), and 22:5(n-5) characteristic of foraminifera. We suppose that bacteria growing on detritus having a low trophic value provide the first trophic upgrading of organic matter for foraminifera and nematodes. In turn, these metazoans perform the second-stage upgrading for megafauna invertebrates. Deep-sea megafauna, including major members of Echinodermata, Mollusca, and Polychaeta display FA markers characteristic of bacteria, foraminifera, and nematodes and reveal new markers in the food chain.     

海水中大量培养西藏拟溞及作为红鳍东方鲀鱼苗活饵料的研究

为了给北方海水鱼虾蟹苗提供一种新的活饵料,在海水中进行了大量培养西藏拟溞Daphniopsistibetana和将该溞投喂红鳍东方鲀Fugu rubripes的试验。结果表明:西藏拟溞培育的最高密度为1 570~2 320个/L,平均日产量为23.0~35.2 g/(m3.d);摄食西藏拟溞的红鳍东方鲀的存活率、体长和体重相对增长率与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),饵料系数高于对照组,而日粮却与对照组接近;摄食西藏拟溞的红鳍东方鲀鱼体的高度不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)中,除C22∶6ω3(DHA)的含量低于对照组外,其余脂肪酸的含量均高于或与对照组相当。同时也讨论了影响西藏拟溞密度和产量的生态因子及西藏拟溞的营养价值问题。     

BUILDING CLIMATE-RESILIENT FOOD SYSTEMS IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA: VULNERABILITIES,RESPONSES AND FINANCING

Food system resilience to climate change is uniquely imperative for bringing Sustainable Development Goals within reach and leaving no one behind. Food systems in East and Southeast Asia are interacting with planetary boundaries and are adversely affected by extreme weather-related events. A practical question for East and Southeast Asian stakeholders is how to foster climateresilient food systems in the face of lingering food system vulnerabilities and policy gaps. This paper reviews food syste...