冰鲜杂鱼和人工配合饲料对大口黑鲈肌肉品质及健康状况影响的评价

本试验通过测定血清生化指标和肌肉营养成分,评价冰鲜杂鱼和人工配合饲料对大口黑鲈肌肉品质及健康状况的影响。养殖过程中冰鲜组大口黑鲈全程投喂冰鲜杂鱼,饲料组大口黑鲈全程投喂大口黑鲈专用人工配合饲料。在商品鱼上市前,冰鲜组和饲料组各随机采集6尾用于测定血清生化指标,再各随机采集6尾用于测定肌肉营养成分。结果显示:饲料组大口黑鲈血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著高于冰鲜组(0.01≤P0.05),血清中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性极显著高于冰鲜组(P0.01),血清中总蛋白(TP)和白蛋白(ALB)含量极显著低于冰鲜组(P0.01)。冰鲜组大口黑鲈肌肉中总氨基酸(TAA)含量显著高于饲料组(0.01≤P0.05),且肌肉中各种氨基酸的氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)以及必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)均高于饲料组。饲料组大口黑鲈肌肉中亚油酸(C18∶2)含量极显著高于冰鲜组(P0.01)。结果表明,本试验条件下,冰鲜组大口黑鲈肌肉营养品质特别是蛋白质品质及氨基酸组成要优于饲料组,且健康状况也优于饲料组,但饲料组大口黑鲈肌肉中亚油酸含量较冰鲜组极显著升高。因此,大口黑鲈的人工配合饲料配方还需要进一步的优化,来满足消费者对大口黑鲈的营养需求。     

Effects of feeding roasted safflower seeds (variety IL-111) and fish oil on dry matter intake, performance and milk fatty acid profiles in dairy cattle

Safflower seed has the highest concentration of linoleic acid among 80 oilseeds but little information exists on the effective use of SS for lactation cows. It was hypothesised that a diet supplemented with an Iranian SS variety (IL-111) in combination with fish oil (FO) would result in higher concentrations of trans-18:1 (including vaccenic acid) and conjugated linoleic acids in milk fat than feeding an unsupplemented control diet. Our objective was to determine the effects of feeding diets containing: (i) Control: (C); (ii) 25 g of roasted SS IL-111 (RSS); (iii) 20 g FO and (iv) 25 g RSS + 10 g FO (RSS + FO) per kilogram of dietary DM on feed intake, ruminal fermentation, milk production and fatty acid profile. Eight multiparous Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design study. The experiment had four periods of 21 days. Milk Fat percentage was lower (p < 0.01) with FO supplementation and averaged 19.0 and 21.5 g/kg milk with FO and RSS + FO compared with 30.3 and 32.5 g/kg with C and RSS. Feed intake also was lower (p < 0.01) with FO vs. C (23.1 vs. 24.5 kg/day) but feeding RSS resulted in greater feed intake compared with other treatments (26 kg/day). Despite lower feed intake with FO, milk production did not change from controls but feeding RSS + FO resulted in greater milk yield than controls (42.6 vs. 39.3 kg/day). Ruminal pH was greater (p < 0.01) in cows fed FO than other treatments. Supplemental FO alone or in combination with RSS resulted in dramatic increases (p < 0.01) in c9,t11-18:2 in milk fat (12.7 and 13.2 g/day vs. 5.8 and 7.02 with C and RSS). It was surprising to note that 25 g/kg RSS can improve feed intake.     

牛GM-CSF与金黄色葡萄球菌黏附素FnBPB共表达质粒的构建与原核表达

采用PCR方法对牛粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)和金黄色葡萄球菌FnBPB的D区进行特异性的扩增,并通过重叠延伸PCR扩增GM-CSF-FnBPB串联基因,构建了克隆质粒pMD19-GM-CSF-FnBPB。利用表达载体pET-32a(+)对该融合基因片段进行原核表达,SDS-PAGE分析表明,在1mmol/L IPTG诱导浓度下,在39ku处出现了与目的蛋白一致的外源蛋白带,Western blot分析表明,该蛋白具有反应原性,进而证明该融合基因成功在原核细胞中表达。     

鲆鲽鱼营养生理研究进展

本文综述了鲆鲽鱼类营养生理的研究进展,涉及鲆鲽鱼对蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、必需脂肪酸、碳水化合物、维生素和微量元素的需要量及各种营养元素的生理功能,评价饲料中各营养素缺乏和过量对鲆鲽鱼生长的影响,以及各营养素之间的相互关系。     

Effect of dietary Schizochytrium microalga oil and fish oil on plasma cholesterol level in rats

The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that the dietary oils with different content of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) affect plasma lipid level in rats in a different degree. The diets with 6% of fish oil (FO) and Schizochytrium microalga oil (SchO; EPA+DHA content in the diets 9.5 + 12.3 and 2.6 + 29.5% of the sum of total fatty acids, respectively) were used; the diet with 6% of safflower oil (high content of n‐6 PUFA linoleic acid, 65.5%; EPA+DHA content 0.7 + 0.9%) was used as a control. The difference between FO and SchO was established only in the case of plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) level: plasma TAG of the FO‐fed rats did not differ from the control rats (p > 0.05), while SchO decreased (p < 0.05) plasma TAG to 46% of the control. On the other hand, FO and SchO decreased (p < 0.05) total plasma cholesterol (TC) in rats in the same extent, to 73% of the control. Regarding the underlying mechanisms for the TC decrease, both SchO and FO up‐regulated hepatic Insig‐1 gene (181 and 133% of the control; p < 0.05), which tended (p = 0.15 and p = 0.19 respectively) to decrease the amount of hepatic nSREBP‐2 protein (61 and 66% of the control). However, neither SchO nor FO influenced hepatic 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐CoA reductase gene expression (p > 0.05); SchO (but not FO) increased (p < 0.05) low‐density lipoprotein receptor mRNA in the liver. It was concluded that the decrease of total plasma cholesterol might be caused by an increased cholesterol uptake from plasma into the cells (in the case of SchO), but also by other (in the present study not tested) mechanisms.     

Detection of Aphanomyces invadans and epizootic ulcerative syndrome in the Murray‐Darling drainage

Epizootic ulcerative syndrome was diagnosed, and the presence of Aphanomyces invadans confirmed, from an outbreak of clinical disease in wild‐caught bony bream (Nematalosa erebi) from the Darling River near Bourke, in New South Wales, Australia, during 2008. This confirms a significant extension of the agent beyond its historical range.     

黄嘌呤氧化酶传感器的研制及其对鱼鲜度的检测

将黄嘌呤氧化酶以共价连接法固定于二醋酸纤维素薄膜上，制成的酶膜与极谱式氧电极共同组成对次黄嘌呤进行定量测定的黄嘌呤氧化酶传感器。该传感器测定范围为１０～１２０ｍｇ／Ｌ，响应时间１０ｓ，不同浓度次黄嘌呤标准溶液对传感器１０ｓ响应值的相关系数为γ＝－０．９９６６，次黄嘌呤标准溶液重复测定６０次（１０ｓ响应值）的变异系数为ＣＶ＝０．３０３％。应用该传感器与分光光度法对鱼体次黄嘌呤含量进行了测定比较，二者具有良好的相关性。     

Effect of parental origin on early life history traits of European eel

Establishment of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) hatchery production will rely on selectively bred individuals that produce progeny with the best traits in successive generations. As such, this study used a quantitative genetic breeding design, between four females and nine males (four wild‐caught and five cultured), to investigate the effect of paternal origin (wild‐caught vs. cultured) and quantify the relative importance of parental effects, including genetic compatibility, on early life history (ELH) performance traits (i.e. fertilization success, embryonic survival at 32 hr post‐fertilization, hatch success and larval deformities at 2 days post‐hatch) of European eel. Wild‐caught males had higher (56%) spermatocrit values than cultured males (45%), while fertilization success, embryonic survival, hatch success and larval deformities were not significantly impacted by paternal origin. This demonstrates that short‐term domestication of male eels does not negatively affect offspring quality and enables the consideration of cultured male broodstock in future breeding programmes. Moreover, paternity significantly explained 9.5% of the variability in embryonic survival, providing further evidence that paternal effects need to be taken into consideration in assisted reproduction protocols. Furthermore, maternity significantly explained 54.8% of the variation for fertilization success, 61.7% for embryonic survival, 88.1% for hatching success and 62.8% for larval deformities, validating that maternity is a major factor influencing these “critical” ELH traits. At last, the parental interaction explained 12.8% of the variation for fertilization success, 8.3% for embryonic survival, 4.5% for hatch success and 20.5% for larval deformities. Thus, we conclude that eggs of one female can develop more successfully when crossed with a compatible male, highlighting the importance of mate choice for successful propagation of high‐quality offspring. Together, this knowledge will improve early offspring performance, leading to future breeding programmes for this critically endangered and economically important species.     

基于ResNet-CA的鱼群饱腹程度识别方法

投喂作为水产养殖过程中的一个关键环节,饵料的投喂量直接影响水产品的质量和养殖成本。然而,目前的投喂方法包括人工投喂和机器定时定量投喂,大多依靠人工经验,很难实现精准投喂。本文基于改进的ResNet34识别鱼群不同的饱腹程度。根据鱼群在不同饱腹阶段表现的摄食行为创建了含有5种不同饱腹程度的数据集,并采用数据增强操作对图像进行预处理。其次在原始模型ResNet34的基础上,本文提出使用坐标注意力机制,使模型在对图像进行特征提取的过程中能够做到专注于更大区域范围。并且使用深度可分离卷积的方式来代替传统卷积,减少模型参数量。为了评估改进的有效性,分析了改进后的模型在鱼群饱腹程度数据集上的性能,并将其与原模型ResNet34、AlexNet、VGG16、MobileNet-v2、GoogLeNet等经典卷积神经网络架构进行比较。综合实验结果表明,该模型相较于原模型参数量减少46.7%,准确率达到93.4%,相较于原模型提升3.4个百分点,同时改进后的模型在准确率、精确度、召回率等方面也都优于其他卷积神经网络。综上所述,本模型实现了性能与参数量之间的良好平衡,为后续模型在实际养殖环境中的部署并指导养殖户改善和制定投喂策略提供了可能。