山西东南部气候变暖背景下的霜冻特征分析

应用山西省东南部11个气象观测站1971-2010年春秋季及年平均气温、初终霜冻日期及无霜期资料,采用数理统计对比法,分析了该地初终霜冻的时域分布特征及成因,气候变暖背景下初终霜冻日期及无霜期的变化特征。结果表明：气温年际变化在1971-1996年属震荡缓慢升温期,1997年开始趋于明显增暖期,气候变暖速率为0．3℃·10a-1;初终霜冻日期的时域分布与特殊的地理环境条件关系密切;在秋季气候变暖前提下,初霜冻出现日期的推后速率为2 d·10a-1,其年际变化趋势表现为正负震荡推后期、偏早期和平稳推后期三个阶段;春季平均气温的增温速率为0．25℃·10a-1,对应终霜冻出现日期呈现为提前趋势,提前速率为4 d·10a-1,年际演变特征可分为偏晚期、偏早期、正负震荡期、偏早期四个阶段;无霜期在气候变暖背景下,年际变化特征可分为延长期、缩短期和平稳延长期三个时期,无霜期的线性变化延长速率为7 d·10a-1。     

河套灌区畦田内不同位置土壤入渗特性及影响因素分析

为明确河套灌区畦田田块不同位置土壤的入渗特性,通过野外试验和室内检测对试验区田块不同位置土壤理化性质和入渗过程进行分析,并基于土壤入渗模型对试验区田块不同位置的土壤入渗过程进行拟合,同时探讨影响土壤入渗过程的影响因素.研究结果表明:试验区田块内不同位置土壤理化性质及入渗特性具有一定差异性且不同位置土壤入渗特性与土壤理化...     

基于多变异分组遗传算法的多机协同作业静态任务分配

为解决农业机械(简称农机)多机协同作业前的任务分配问题,提出了基于多变异分组遗传算法的同种农机多机协同作业静态任务分配方法.首先,根据农机合作社实际作业模式,基于农机性能参数和任务参数,综合考虑机群的作业时间、作业油耗和路程代价等因素,建立了多机协同代价函数;根据多机协同作业特点,构建了多变异分组遗传算法,设计了两段式...     

A comparison between excavator-based harvester productivity in coppiced and planted Eucalyptus grandis compartments in KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa

Due to the labour challenges in South Africa, mechanised forestry equipment has increasingly been required to operate in complex forest conditions – such as coppiced Eucalyptus compartments – where they have not operated before. For this reason, harvesters are either used in certain coppiced compartments with uncertain productivity expectations, or harvesters are not used in these compartments due to a lack of productivity knowledge. This research aimed to determine the influence of tree volume and tree form on the productivity of an excavator-based harvester in coppiced regrowth – with either double or single stems, or planted single stems – in Eucalyptus grandis pulpwood compartments. In addition, the stem felled first and the distance between stems were investigated for coppiced double stems. The stem felled first is whichever stem between the two coppiced double stems the harvester grabbed, felled and processed first. The tree volume was determined; thereafter the trees were classified into different form classes. The tree volume and the cycle time were used to determine productivity. The research results showed that planted trees had the highest productivity across all tree sizes, followed by coppiced single stems and then coppiced double stems. When harvesting a 0.2 m³ tree, the mean harvester productivity was 8.7 m³ per productive machine hour (PMH₀) in coppiced double stems, 13.8 m³ per PMH₀ in coppiced single stems and 16.1 m³ per PMH₀ in planted trees. In coppiced double stems the productivity was significantly influenced by the size of the stem felled first. In coppiced double stems the productivity was not significantly influenced by the distance between stems. The productivity for both coppiced single stems and coppiced double stems was significantly influenced by stem form. The poorly formed trees had lower productivity compared to the trees with good form.     

白马鸡人工驯养初步研究

通过人工饲养的方式探索出白马鸡驯养的经验,即:在野生白马鸡适宜生境下建立饲养场,从育雏阶段开始进行人工投食饲养和本地土鸡带领相结合的驯养方式。目前已经完成从子一代到子二代的完整驯养、饲养流程,取得了云南省林业厅的驯养繁殖许可证。对育雏、亚成体、成体阶段的喂食量、存活情况等作了分析,认为接近原始生境的环境及本地带雏母鸡是成功的重要条件。     

热带头梗霉在中国NL351杨树上的首次发现

为研究NL351杨树上的真菌种类,对其杨木边材进行了组织分离,通过纯化培养,得到了内生菌热带头梗霉(Cephaliophora tropica)。采用形态特征和分子生物技术相结合的方法对其热带头梗霉进行了确凿鉴定,并确认分布于中国的NL351杨树是热带头梗霉的新寄主,此菌在杨树上发现属于首次报道。     

论“科学技术是第一生产力”的社会转型效应

指出了邓小平"科学技术是第一生产力"的论断具有深刻的内涵,对于推动我国社会不断发展具有重要的作用。虽然不同的社会时期所凸显的社会问题有所不同,但社会问题的解决都离不开"科学技术是第一生产力"的正确指引。当前我国正处在新中国成立以来的第三次社会转型的关键时期,社会经济结构、文化形态、价值观念等都发生了深刻的变化,社会问题层出不穷,亟需得到妥善解决。立足于当前的社会状况并结合邓小平提出"科学技术是第一生产力"这一阶段的历史经验,重新解读"科学技术是第一生产力"这一思想有助于加快实现社会第三次成功转型,实现自然、社会与人类和谐发展。     

黧蒴栲芽苗截根移栽育苗及造林成效研究

为了提高黧蒴栲苗木质量和造林成活率,利用随机区组设计开展了黧蒴栲芽苗截根移栽、截根苗造林对比试验.结果表明：黧蒴栲芽苗截根处理对苗高、主根长、一级侧根数、叶干重、茎枝干重、根器官干重有极显著影响,对苗木地径、一级侧根长度有显著影响.芽苗截根处理后苗木高度增加17.51％、地径增加13.72％.不同剪叶处理方式对黧蒴栲苗木造林成活率有极显著影响,芽苗截根苗造林以剪叶75％效果最好,造林成活率达95.86％,而未剪叶苗造林成活率为57.69％;应用芽苗截根苗造林可提高造林成活率17.0％～24.0％,增加当年树高、地径生长量分别为18.22％、15.44％.     

Short‐term releases of CO2 from newly mixed biochar and calcareous soil

The work aimed to quantify native organic C mobilized in one calcareous soil in the 21 days after addition of biochar at a range of large to very large applications. The experiment was carried out in unplanted microcosms, and CO₂ flux was used as a measure of net mineralization. A rapid methodological approach, which does not require ¹³C as a tracer, was used to assess any priming effects induced by the biochar. The amount of CO₂‐C mobilized was small relative to the amount of biochar C and proportional to the amount of the biochar added. The additional CO₂‐C was similar to the content of the water‐soluble organic carbon in the biochar added with each application. No interaction with native soil C, that is priming effect, was observed.