小麦穗突变体Sda1与其野生型叶片总蛋白双向电泳体系的建立

为探索适合小麦穗突变体Sda1叶片蛋白的双向电泳体系,寻找Sda1与其野生型叶片的差异蛋白,以Sda1与其野生型的抽穗期叶片为材料,从蛋白质提取、双向电泳条件等方面对适合Sda1及其野生型叶片蛋白的双向电泳体系进行探索。分析试验得到的双向电泳图谱,发现利用TCA/丙酮提取叶片总蛋白,用pH 4~7的17cm线性胶条,采用13%浓度的分离胶,上样量为900μg,利用改良的等电聚焦程序,能够得到背景清晰、分辨率高的电泳图谱;电泳图谱在低分子区蛋白点分布均匀,并且重复性好。利用PDQuest 8.0.1软件分析图谱,得到27个差异点蛋白,相比于野生型植株,Sda1突变体表现为蛋白表达量下调与缺失,发现6个缺失蛋白,21个表达下调蛋白。     

基于变量灌溉动态分区管理的冬小麦产量与节水效果

喷灌机机载式红外温度传感器系统是动态监测农田作物水分亏缺状况、构建变量灌溉(variable rate irrigation,VRI)决策支持系统的重要工具。为了评估圆形喷灌机机载式红外温度传感器系统在变量灌溉动态分区管理中的应用效果,该研究以气象参数和土壤水分传感器网络构建的均一灌溉(uniform rate irrigation, URI)决策方法为对照,评估了基于气象参数、土壤水分传感器网络和作物冠层温度的变量灌溉决策方法对华北平原冬小麦灌溉制度、土壤含水率空间分布均匀性和节水增产效果的影响。在河北省邢台市大曹庄中国水利水电科学研究院智慧灌溉技术与装备创新示范推广基地开展试验,试验区为三跨加悬臂圆形喷灌机控制灌溉面积7.07 hm²,2021年试验区等分为2个子区,布置URI和VRI处理,2022年试验区等分为4个子区,布置URI处理、基于等间隔法进行管理区聚类划分的VRI(T1)处理、基于“Jenks”自然断点法进行管理区聚类划分的VRI(T2)处理和基于几何间隔断点法进行管理区聚类划分的VRI(T3)处理。结果表明,在冬小麦生育期内,URI和VRI处理灌...     

Cytological and microsatellite mapping of mutant genes for spherical grain and compact spikes in durum wheat

Two mutants for sphaerococcoid seed (MA 16219) and compact spike (MA 17648) were isolated from M₃ progeny of durum wheat cultivar, Altaiskaya Niva, mutagenized with chemical mutagens. The chromosomal locations of the genes involved were determined by the use of a complete set of D-genome disomic substitutions in durum cultivar, Langdon. The gene for sphaerococcoid grain, s ¹⁶²¹⁹ , was allelic to S2, located in the centromeric region of chromosome 3B in hexaploid wheat. The gene for compact spike, C ¹⁷⁶⁴⁸ , was located on chromosome 5AL distal to the Q locus. Using microsatellite markers, C ¹⁷⁶⁴⁸ and awn inhibitor B1 were located in the F₂ of LD222 × MA17648. The gene order was Xbarc319—C ¹⁷⁶⁴⁸ —Xgwm179—Xgwm126—Xgwm291—B1.     

The development of a genetic linkage map of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) and the identification of regions associated with key fruit quality and agronomic traits

The first genetic linkage map of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) was constructed using AFLP, SSR (genomic and EST-derived) and SNP markers, in a mapping population derived from two diverse breeding clones of blackcurrant from the SCRI breeding programme. Cluster analysis of the population revealed that the individuals within the population formed two distinct sub-populations, with segregation ratios consistent with one sub-population having the two intended parents, and the other being selfed segregants. The latter sub-population improves the map by providing a more informative estimate of recombination frequency than the crossed sub-population for some marker configurations, and also revealed the presence of two unlinked loci affecting viability. Several important phenological, agronomic and fruit quality traits were evaluated in the mapping population, and QTLs affecting these are located on the linkage map. This provides a framework for the development of marker-assisted breeding strategies for blackcurrant, to improve breeding efficiency and time to cultivar.     

Molecular characterization of the recombinant inbred line population derived from a japonica-indica rice cross

Recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations of rice are useful genetic sources for map-based cloning of agronomically important genes. Zhe733 is a high-yielding indica cultivar from China conferring resistance to rice blast (RB), rice water weevil (RWW) and straighthead; whereas Kaybonnet low-phytic acid 1-1 (KBNTlpa) is a mutant of a tropical japonica cultivar from the US containing low-phytic acid with average yield, and is susceptible to some RB races, RWW, and straighthead. A 355 RIL F₁₀₋₁₁ population derived from the cross of KBNTlpa × Zhe733 was recently released. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to evaluate 269 RILs of this population. A total of 107 polymorphic markers were mapped on all rice chromosomes representing a total of 1,016.3 cM of genetic distance. Two hundred and thirty-five KBNTlpa × Zhe733 RILs (KZRILs) were clustered into seven groups based on allele frequencies of SSR markers. Twenty-three markers (21.1%) on chromosomes 3, 6, 7, 9, and 11 were found to favor Zhe733 (χ ² = 16.8−189.7 and P < 0.01) and five markers (4.6%) on chromosome 1 and 6 were found to favor KBNTlpa (χ ² = 18.5−46.6 and P < 0.01). Marker segregations were observed to be normal for both parents except 26 (10.2%) KZRILs were found to skew toward Zhe733 (χ ² > 15.7 and P < 0.01). Furthermore, the average frequencies of heterozygosity and non-parental alleles per KZRIL were 1.3% (0.0−38.9%) and 0.4% (0.0−15.0%), respectively. Thirteen heterozygous KZRILs were found at more than five markers loci and nine KZRILs were found with more than five non-parental alleles representing 5.1 and 3.5% of 255 KZRILs. Overall, this KZRIL population is a good population with relatively low frequencies of heterozygosity and non-parental alleles, and with relatively low percentages of skewed markers and skewed KZRILs. The profiles of these SSR markers should facilitate molecular tagging critical genes controlling yield, RB, RWW, and straighthead resistance.     

烤烟几种化学成分的QTL初步分析

以含137个株系的烤烟DH群体(G-28×NC2326)及其亲本为材料, 在以前作图数据的基础上, 新增23个标记。将这些标记数据合并起来构建了包括11个ISSR标记和158个RAPD标记、由27个连锁群组成的烤烟分子标记遗传连锁图, 覆盖长度2 094.6 cM, 相邻标记间的平均图距为15.95 cM。利用4个环境下的试验数据进行了总糖、烟碱、氧化钾3种烟叶化学成分的QTL初步分析, 共检测到7个加性效应QTL和9对加加上位性效应QTL, 其中3个加性QTL和3对上位性QTL存在QTL与环境互作效应(QE)。表明在烤烟总糖、烟碱、氧化钾的遗传控制中除加性效应外, 上位性效应也具有重要作用。对于烟碱、氧化钾检测到加性QTL与环境互作效应, 对于总糖、氧化钾检测到上位性QTL与环境互作效应, 利用这些与环境具有互作效应的QTL进行标记辅助选择时宜考虑特定的环境条件。     

“3S”技术及其在林业的应用现状与展望

本文介绍了"3S"技术的的内涵及特点,从森林资源调查、森林资源动态监测、林业专题图的绘制等方面分析了"3S"技术在林业中的应用现状,并对"3S"技术的发展趋势作了展望。     

4种沼虾的SRFA指纹研究↑（*）

本文用沼虾属（Ｍａｃｒｏｂｒａｃｈｉｕｍ）的４个主要种：罗氏沼虾（Ｍ．ｒｏｓｅｎｂｅｒｇｉ）、海南沼虾（Ｍ．ｈａｉｎａｎｅｎｓｅ）、日本沼虾（Ｍ．ｎｉｐｐｏｎｅｎｓｅ）、粗糙沼虾（Ｍ．ａｓｐｅｒｕｌｕｍ）作材料,构建了它们的ＳＲＦＡ－ＤＮＡ指纹,经比较得到这４个种的ＳＲＦＡ分子标记,并构建了它们之间的谱系关系图,发现日本沼虾和海南沼虾在遗传上比较接近,属于同一“支序”,粗糙沼虾与另外３者在遗传上都相距较远。     

应用MapInf0软件制作草地畜牧业各类专题统计地图的初步探讨

以青海省达日县建设乡为例,简要介绍了应用MapInfo软件制作草地畜牧业各类专题统计地图的主要过程和基本方法。     

Genetic diversity among isolates of Fusariumoxysporum f.sp. canariensis

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. canariensis causes vascular wilt disease of Phoenix canariensis , the Canary Island date palm. Seventy-two isolates of this fungus were obtained from diverse geographic locations including France, Japan, Italy, the Canary Islands, and California, Florida and Nevada, USA. The isolates were tested for vegetative compatibility and for similarities based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), single-copy sequences and repetitive DNA (pEY10) polymorphisms. Seventy-one percent of the isolates belonged to a single vegetative compatibility group (VCG 0240), and four closely related mitochondrial RFLP patterns were found. A subset of the isolates was further tested for single-copy RFLPs and repetitive DNA fingerprints. Only four single-copy RFLP haplotypes were found among 25 representative isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. canariensis tested, using nine polymorphic single-locus probe/enzyme combinations. Finally, 32 different pEY10 DNA fingerprints were found out of 57 isolates examined. Overall the results indicate that F. oxysporum f.sp. canariensis is a single lineage with a low to moderate level of genetic diversity.