不同干燥处理的罗汉果化学成分色谱指纹图谱分析

采用不同干燥温度和时间对6个不同产地的罗汉果鲜果进行处理,利用高效液相色谱指纹图谱及含量测定方法分析不同处理干果化学成分的差异,同时分析罗汉果果皮、果肉及种子的化学成分及其分布。结果表明,不同温度干燥的干果化学成分指纹图谱具有差异性,主要色谱峰强度以冷冻干燥样品的最强,96℃干燥的样品最弱;罗汉果苷V含量也以冷冻干燥处理的最高,96℃干燥处理的最低。此外,罗汉果果皮、果肉、种子色谱图中的主要色谱峰不一致,表明不同化学成分在果实不同部位的分布不同。因此,指纹图谱可用于检测罗汉果药材的质量,研究结果为科学炮制罗汉果药材及药效提供依据。     

Development of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in Eucalyptus from amplified inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR)

Eucalyptus spp. are widely used in exotic plantations. Since many of these trees are derived from vegetative propagation, the routine identification of clones has become increasingly important. The most widely used molecular based method for fingerprinting these clones is by random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). Although this technique is useful, its results are not very repeatable, especially between laboratories. The aim of this study was to develop microsatellite markers that are highly repeatable, and to investigate their value in Eucalyptus fingerprinting. Typically, this process involves the expensive procedure of constructing an enriched genomic library. However, we used an intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based enrichment technique for microsatellite‐rich regions. With this relatively inexpensive method, microsatellite‐rich regions were amplified directly from genomic DNA, after which PCR products were cloned and sequenced. From these microsatellite‐rich sequences, primer sets were constructed to amplify mono‐, di‐, tri‐, hexa‐and nona‐nucleotide repeats. These markers were all inherited in a Mendelian fashion in the progeny of a test cross between two Eucalyptus grandis trees. The primer sets developed were also able to amplify the corresponding microsatellite loci from five different Eucalyptus spp., namely E. grandis, E. nitens, E. globulus, E. camaldulensis and E. urophylla.     

DNA分子标记技术在四大怀药研究中的应用概况

DNA分子标记技术是比形态标记、细胞标记和生化标记理想的遗传标记技术,已经广泛应用于动植物和微生物的诸多研究中。但是它在四大怀药中的应用相对较少。因此,对几种DNA分子标记技术在四大怀药的遗传多样性、指纹图谱、居群遗传结构、品种鉴定和真伪品鉴别等方面的研究成果和新进展进行了综述,以期为四大怀药的深入研究提供参考。     

节瓜分子遗传图谱的构建与始雌花节位性状定位

【目的】构建节瓜分子遗传图谱,标记始雌花节位性状基因,为建立相关分子标记辅助育种体系、克隆雌性相关基因和转基因提供理论依据。【方法】以节瓜全雌系K36及弱雌系G4组配得到的115个F2单株为群体,利用AFLP、RAPD和SRAP标记技术构建节瓜的分子遗传连锁图谱,并定位始雌花节位性状基因。【结果】该图谱共包含13个连锁群,涉及93个AFLP标记、16个RAPD标记、35个SRAP标记。该图谱覆盖基因组1651.9cM,标记间平均距离为11.47cM。利用QTL Network2.0分析,检测到3个控制始雌花节位的QTL位点:fn1、fn2和fn3,其中fn1位于连锁群LG1上,fn2和fn3位于LG6上。这些QTL位点对雌花节位性状表型变异的贡献率分别为62.54%、0.2%、37.39%。【结论】本研究首次构建了节瓜的分子遗传图谱,并定位了3个控制始雌花节位性状的QTL位点,为进一步克隆雌性相关基因及分子标记辅助选择育种提供科学依据。     

山区林地多季相TM影像综合分类研究

为了提高陆地卫星TM数据在山区林地的分类精度,利用4个季节的帽儿山TM数据进行植被分类,并辅助以物候特征和地面GIS专题信息 采用由简单到复杂的信息提取过程,先利用基于光谱知识的林地提取模型提取林地边界,再用有监分类方法分别进行林地和非林地内部类型信息的提取,生成多季相综合分类图 分类精度比单时相提高了19 6%     

金钗石斛生物碱组分GC指纹图谱的建立

目的:建立金钗石斛药材指纹图谱,为其内在质量控制提供部分科学依据。方法:采用气相色谱法,OV1701石英毛细管柱(30m×0.32mm,0.25μm),以FID为检测器,石斛碱为对照品,建立金钗石斛药材的指纹图谱。结果:金钗石斛由8个峰组成,其峰面积大于90%,精密度、稳定性、重复性均符合《中药注射剂指纹图谱研究的技术要求(暂行)》要求。结论:本法可以作为金钗石斛内在质量控制的标准。     

SSR分子标记在苹果研究中的应用

SSR(simple sequence repeat)分子标记是以聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术为基础的共显性分子标记,也称为微卫星标记(microsatellite markers),其具有多态性高、通用性好、易检测且操作简单等优点,已被较多应用于苹果的品种鉴定、遗传多样性分析以及遗传图谱构建和基因定位等方面。就以上方面对苹果中SSR分子标记的应用进行概述并提出SSR分子标记在未来苹果中的研究重点和方向。     

利用高密度 Bin 图谱定位水稻叶绿素含量 QTL

【目的】探索水稻叶绿素含量及其对氮肥响应的遗传机理,为氮高效、高光效的水稻品种培育提供新的标记区段。【方法】以珍汕 97× 明恢 63 重组自交系 RIL（F11）113 个家系为 QTL 分析的试验材料,在大田栽培条件下,以施氮量为主区、家系为裂区,设计低氮处理（不施氮肥）和正常氮处理（纯氮130、135 kg/hm2）,分别于水稻移栽后 30 d 测定 1.5 叶的 SPAD 值,于抽穗期测定剑叶的 SPAD 值。利用包含1 619 个 Bin 标记的高密度遗传图谱,使用 IciMapping V3.4 软件和完备区间作图法,定位控制水稻叶片叶绿素含量的 QTL。【结果】在两年、两个氮处理和两个发育时期共检测到 15 个调控叶片叶绿素含量的 QTL,分别分布在第 1、2、3、6、7、10、11 号染色体上。单一 QTL 贡献率为 1.21%~40.74%。通过物理位置比较,发现其中 6个 QTL 已经被克隆或与前人定位到的叶绿素含量相关位点在同一区间。其中,在第 6 染色体的 8.45~9.12 Mb 处定位到 1 个调控抽穗期剑叶叶绿素的位点,命名为 qHDCHL6-1,该位点在两年和两个氮处理下均被检测到,贡献率为 1.55%~28.01%。结合功能注释,共筛选到 4 个与叶绿素代谢密切相关的基因,分别为 LOC_Os06g15370（OsNPF3.1）、LOC_Os06g15420（OsAS2）、LOC_Os06g15620（GAST）和 LOC_Os06g15590,其中前 3 个基因已被鉴定克隆。【结论】共检测到 15 个控制水稻移栽后 30 d 和抽穗期叶片叶绿素含量的 QTL,鉴定了 1 个稳定表达的 QTL 位点 qHDCHL6-1,在该区间筛选到 4 个候选基因。     

基于深度残差网络的麦穗回归计数方法

单位面积的穗数是估算小麦产量的重要指标,针对传统麦穗计数方法效率低、主观性高等问题,将基于深度残差网络的密度回归模型引入麦穗的计数领域,建立原始图片与密度图的对应关系,以密度图像素值总和确定图像中麦穗数量.对ResNet34网络进行改进,提出了ResNet-16模型,实现端对端的麦穗计数.针对ResNet34网络复杂度...     

Suitability of mapped sequence tagged microsatellite site markers for establishing distinctness, uniformity and stability in aromatic rice

At present, testing for distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) of crop varieties relies on a set of morphological characters. These characters suffer fromthe limitations of number, interaction with the environment in which the variety grows and subjectivity in decision-making. The potential of DNA-based markers such as sequence tagged microsatellite site (STMS), for establishing DUS merits investigation. In the present study, a set of 55 mapped STMS markers, selected from 12 linkage groups of rice genome, was used to examine distinctness of 23 aromatic rice genotypes including the commercially important Basmati varieties. Forty-one of these markers (74.5%) showed polymorphism between the varieties. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2–4 with an average of 2.3. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of the markers varied from 0.083 to 0.665 with an average of 0.338. All the varieties could be differentiated from each other at a low probability (0.07×10^-13) of identical match by chance. The marker-based clustering of the varieties corresponded with the known phenotypic classification, thereby providing confidence in the distinctness established by the mapped STMS markers. The utility of these markers to study uniformity and stability was analysed using a commercially important crossbred Basmati rice variety Pusa Basmati 1(IET-10364) that contributes about 40–50% of Basmati rice export from India. Genotyping of twenty individual plants, grown from the nucleus, breeder, foundation, certified and farmer's saved seed samples using all the 55 markers revealed no variation among the plants. These observations suggested that the set of mapped markers employed in this study could be further used for establishing distinctness of aromatic rice varieties and for studying DUS of the important commercial variety Pusa Basmati 1. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.