烤烟幼苗根系在低温胁迫后的形态及生理生态响应

根系作为重要的吸收器官和代谢器官,其生长状况不仅直接控制着植物吸收水分和养分,而且制约着植株地上部分生长的好坏。温度是影响烤烟幼苗根系发育的重要因素之一。南方多数烟区育苗阶段早春低温严重,影响着健壮烟苗的培育。为此,选用云烟87(YY87)、Msk326(K326)和云烟85(YY85)等3个品种烤烟幼苗,在5～7℃条件下分别处理2,4及6d,研究烤烟幼苗根系在低温胁迫后的形态及生理生态响应。结果表明:YY87低温胁迫处理不同时间后,SOD,POD,CAT酶活性均有不同程度上升;K326在处理2 d及4 d后,3种酶活力均较对照明显下降;而YY85的SOD酶活性上升,CAT和POD活性则表现下降。就根系活力而言,YY87在不同低温处理时间均表现为上升;而K326及YY85则表现为短时间(2d)低温胁迫根系活力受到抑制,随着处理时间延长,其根系活力又逐渐增强。低温处理2d后,YY87根平均直径、根表面积和根体积显著下降,但随着胁迫时间延长则恢复正常;K326则在低温处理2d后根直径、根长、根表面积和根体积均达到最大,其后逐渐降低;YY85则表现根表面积和体积均有不同程度下降。由此表明,不同品种幼苗根系受到低温胁迫后其根系形态及生理生态指标存在着不同的响应机制。     

青海加什科羊与青海毛肉兼用半细毛羊被毛纤维物理性能比较

青海加什科羊和青海高原毛肉兼用半细毛羊(以下简称半细毛羊)毛纤维细度周岁:公羊50支分别占18.00%、31.17%,母羊分别占20.40%、26.25%;56~58支公羊分别占53.57%、68.82%,母羊分别占53.47%、36.50%,差异极显著(P0.01);成年:公羊50支分别占20.00%、42.26%,母羊分别占20.22%、43.56%;56~58支公羊分别占51.25%、57.76%,母羊分别占51.44%、56.44%,差异极显著(P0.01)。     

日粮中添加NCG对妊娠前期鄂尔多斯细毛羊血液、尿囊液和羊水中氨基酸浓度的影响

为了研究日粮中添加NCG(N-氨甲酰谷氨酸)对妊娠前期鄂尔多斯细毛羊血液、尿囊液和羊水中氨基酸浓度的影响,试验选择年龄、胎次和体况相近、平均体重为50.62±0.52 kg的受孕鄂尔多斯细毛羊母羊40只,随机分为3组(NCG1组饲喂基础日粮+0.30 g NCG/d(n=13),NCG2组饲喂基础日粮+0.40 g N...     

Correlation between specific fine root length and mycorrhizal colonization of maize in different soil types

A pot experiment was conducted in a glass-house to investigate the correlation between specific fine root length (SFRL) and root colonization (RC) of maize inoculated with six arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in three soil types. The results showed that six AMF associated with maize presented different abilities in RC and effects on SFRL. In addition, there was a significant correlation between SFRL and RC of arbuscular mycorrhizal maize in Beijing soil (Cinnamon soil), but no significant correlation in Hubei soil (Brunisolic soil) and Guangdong soil (Red soil). It is concluded that mycorrhizal colonization decreased the SFRL of maize, and the correlation between SFRL and RC of mycorrhizal maize depended on soil type.     

养分和水分胁迫下2年生落叶松根系有机酸的分泌行为研究

[目的]研究养分和水分胁迫对2年生落叶松根系有机酸分泌行为的影响.[方法]通过设置不同的养分和水分胁迫条件,研究不同程度土壤胁迫下2年生落叶松根系有机酸的分泌种类和数量.[结果]在养分和水分胁迫下,2年生落叶松苗根系有机酸的分泌种类增多,且胁迫水平不同增加分泌的有机酸种类也不同.养分和水分胁迫处理还增加了有机酸的分泌数量.从有机酸分泌总量看,胁迫最重的水平1增幅最大.从单个有机酸分泌量看,柠檬酸增幅最大,其次为苹果酸,草酸较小;且都以水平1增幅最大.[结论]各有机酸分泌量在有机酸总量中所占的比例稍有变化,但整体排序未变.     

Yield and nitrogen concentration of above- and below-ground biomasses of red clover cultivars in pure stands and in mixtures with three grass species in northern Europe

Three red clover (Trifolium pratense) varieties differing in productivity and winter hardiness, Jokioinen, Betty and Ilte, were sown in a 2‐year (2003–2004) pot experiment in pure stands and mixtures with the grasses, timothy (Phleum pratense), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis). Grass growth dominated until fertilizer‐N, applied when the stands were sown, was depleted. Timothy was the least competitive of the grass species. Red clover variety Ilte produced the highest dry‐matter (DM) yields. Variety Betty yielded less, but allocated as much biomass to the root and stubble (soil‐bound) fraction as variety Ilte. Variety Jokioinen allocated least to the soil‐bound fraction. While the root structure and the starch concentration of the crown‐root area were similar in all varieties, the high ratio of soil‐bound: harvested fractions could be a key to the higher winter survival and higher DM yields of Betty under field conditions. At the end of the experiment, 3–5 g N pot^?1 (49–81 g m^?2) had been harvested and 0·7–1·5 g N pot^?1 (11–24 g m^?2) was left in the soil‐bound fraction, amounts depending on the red clover variety and grass mixture, with pure clover stands containing the highest N amounts. Because of the high N concentrations in the biomass of red clover, the proportion of red clover and conditions prevailing during canopy and root death in mixed stands are crucial for N mineralization and incorporation into new growth.     

泽漆化感机理的初步研究

运用室内培养皿生物测定方法,对泽漆的化感作用的研究表明,泽漆水提液对小麦幼苗生长有明显的抑制作用,且抑制强度随浸提液浓度升高而加强,其对小麦根的抑制作用比对苗的抑制作用明显。供试小麦的一些生理测定指标表明,泽漆水提液刺激供试小麦的根系活力增强,可溶性蛋白含量降低,叶绿素含量稍有下降。过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性下降,过氧化物酶(POD)活性和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性明显提高。     

High genotypic and virulence diversity in Ilyonectria liriodendri isolates associated with black foot disease in New Zealand vineyards

A total of 57 Ilyonectria liriodendri isolates were identified by a combination of species‐specific PCR and DNA sequencing from a collection of 174 Ilyonectria‐like isolates recovered from 101 diseased grapevine samples. These samples were representative of the national vineyard, comprising material contributed by 49 grape growers across seven grape growing areas. This species was predominant, representing 33% of the recovered isolates, and has been reported as a major pathogen of grapevines in other countries. The genetic diversity of the 57 New Zealand isolates was compared to that of isolates from Australia and South Africa using universally primed polymerase chain reaction (UP‐PCR). A total of 66 informative loci distinguished 52 genotypes, of which five contained up to four clonal isolates. Four main clades were identified in a neighbour‐joining (NJ) tree. The international isolates (Australia and South Africa) were placed in a clade that did not include New Zealand isolates. There was a high level of intra‐ and inter‐vineyard genetic variation indicating the free movement of isolates between regions. A subset of nine isolates from different branches of the NJ tree produced two vegetative compatibility groups and hyphal fusion was observed between non‐self pairings. Pathogenicity tests using isolates from different genetic groups inoculated onto either detached roots or 1‐year‐old potted vines showed variability in virulence; however, no correlations were detected.     

植物根系对土壤侵蚀控制机理的研究

介绍了近年来植物根系对土壤侵蚀控制机理的研究进展。在水文效应和机械效应两个方面,植物根系通过增强土壤的抗冲性、渗透能力、抗剪强度以及根系网的固土功能提高土壤的抗侵蚀能力。     

新疆野生枸杞愈伤组织分化及植株再生

以新疆枸杞的叶片、茎尖基部为外植体,分别诱导愈伤组织、继代培养和诱导分化,结果表明:①不同外植体愈伤分化率有明显差异:叶片愈伤组织分化率最高为100%,茎尖基部愈伤组织分化率最高为80%。每块愈伤的芽分化数最多可达15～20个。②激素组合影响愈伤分化。诱导分化最适培养基为6 BA2.0mg·L-1 IAA0.5mg·L-1,KT0.5mg·L-1 NAA1.0mg·L-1。③将分化出的无根苗转接到MS无激素培养基上,生根率可达到85%以上。因此叶片为诱导愈伤组织分化的最适外植体。