Response of soil respiration to nitrogen addition in two subtropical forest types

Anthropogenic activities have increased nitrogen (N) deposition in terrestrial ecosystems, which directly and indirectly affects soil biogeochemical processes, including soil respiration. However, the effects of the increases in N availability on soil respiration are not fully understood. In this study, soil respiration was measured using an infrared gas analyzer system with soil chambers under four N treatments (0, 5, 15, and 30 g N m^-2 year^-1 as control, low N (LN), moderate N (MN), and high N (HN), respectively) in camphor tree and slash pine forests in subtropical China. Results showed that soil respiration rates decreased by 37% in the camphor tree forest and 27% in the slash pine forest on average on an annual base, respectively, in the N-fertilized treatments when compared with the control. No significant differences were found in the soil respiration rate among the LN, MN, and HN treatments in both forest types as these fertilized plots reached an adequate N content zone. In addition, soil microbial biomass carbon (C) content and fine root biomass declined in N-treated plots compared to the control. Our results indicated that elevated N deposition might alter the tree growth pattern, C partitioning, and microbial activity, which further affect soil C sequestration by reducing soil respiration in subtropical forests of China.     

大兴安岭地表细小死可燃物含水率预测模型

以大兴安岭地区南瓮河保护区落叶松林(Larix gmelinii)、蒙古栎林(Quercus mongolica Fischer)、落叶松-白桦混交林(Mixture of Larix gmelinii and Betula platyphylla)(阴坡、阳坡)、沟塘草甸等4种典型林分为研究对象,运用气象要素回归法,对春季防火期和秋季防火期内的地表细小死可燃物含水率动态进行测定,构建了不同防火期、不同林型地表死可燃物含水率的预测模型,分析了相应模型的预测误差。结果表明:同林型地表可燃物含水率在春季防火期和秋季防火期差异显著;在秋季防火期,5个典型林型的地表死可燃物含水率预测平均绝对误差为0.167,平均相对误差为0.218,低于春季防火期模型和春季-秋季混合模型;秋季防火期模型对可燃物含水率预测效果最好。气象要素回归法适用于南瓮河保护区典型林型地表死可燃物含水率预测。     

不同淹水梯度对紫穗槐的营养生长和生理响应

通过对紫穗槐幼苗不同梯度淹水处理的研究,发现紫穗槐在短期内能通过不同的不定根生长方式和特化通气组织来适应不同淹水环境,各处理营养生长无明显差异,半淹不定根分枝发达,近全淹不定根数目最多;淹水能降低叶绿素含量和光合速率,并与正常间有显著差异(P<0.05),影响表面和半淹光合数率降低的主要因素是气孔导度降低,影响近全淹是胞间CO₂浓度升高;表面淹对根活性影响不显著,虽半淹、近全淹与正常相比根活性分别下降了58%和51%,紫穗槐能通过增加不定根来补充根活性的不足;并且淹水胁迫下紫穗槐能积累可溶性糖和脯氨酸来适应环境,并以此来保护脂膜,这也可能是丙二醛含量无明显差异的原因,其中半淹可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量最高,平均分别为22.43 mmol/L和570 μg/g,与正常间有显著差异(P<0.05)。因此紫穗槐具有强的抗涝能力,能适应不同淹水程度。     

Effects of soil bulk density on seminal and lateral roots of young maize plants (Zea mays L.)

It is well established that increasing soil bulk density (SBD) above some threshold value reduces plant root growth and thus may reduce water and nutrient acquisition. However, formation and elongation of maize seminal roots and first order lateral (FOL) roots in various soil layers under the influence of SBD has not been documented. Two studies were conducted on a loamy sand soil at SBD ranging from 1.25 g cm^–3 to 1.66 g cm^–3. Rhizotrons with a soil layer 7 mm thick were used and pre‐germinated plants were grown for 15 days. Over the range of SBD tested, the shoot growth was not influenced whereas total root length was reduced by 30 % with increasing SBD. Absolute growth rate of seminal roots was highest in the top soil layer and decreased with increasing distance from the surface. Increasing SBD amplified this effect by 20 % and 50 % for the top soil layer and lower soil layers, respectively. At the end of the experiment, total seminal roots attributed to approximately 15 % of the total plant root length. Increasing SBD reduced seminal root growth in the lowest soil layer only, whereas FOL root length decreased with SBD in all but the uppermost soil layer. For FOL, there was a positive interaction of SBD with distance from the soil surface. Both, increasing SBD and soil depth reduced root length by a reduction of number of FOL roots formed while the length of individual FOL roots was not influenced. Hence, increasing SBD may reduce spatial access to nutrients and water by (i) reducing seminal root development in deeper soil layers, aggravated by (ii) the reduction of the number of FOL roots that originate from these seminal roots.     

植物根系生长的三维可视化模拟

利用模拟植物形态结构的L系统理论结合计算机图形学方法建立了模拟植物根系生长的三维可视化模拟系统。并利用随机参数L系统方法对豆科作物根系的生长过程进行了模拟。     

当前农村地区社会建设应关注的若干问题

加强社会建设近年来党和国家提出的一大重要任务.中国是传统的农业大国,农村社会建设是我国社会建设的重要组成部分.当前农村地区的社会建设应注意发展农村经济,增加农民收入,作为推动农村社会建设的动力.同时注意发展农村教育事业,完善农村基层民主制度,加强农村社会保障体系建设.     

滴灌施肥周期和毛管布设方式对苹果树细根直径时空分布的影响

为探明不同滴灌施肥策略对苹果树细根直径的调控效应,于2019—2021年开展二因素二水平完全组合设计田间试验,毛管布设方式设置一行一管和一行两管,施肥周期设置15 d和30 d,采用微根管原位监测技术,分苹果树正南、正西及东北3个方位和0～19、19～38、38～57、57～76 cm不同深度土层,持续观测苹果树活跃生长期内细根直径的动态变化,分析了苹果树细根直径对毛管布设方式和施肥周期的响应。结果表明：细根直径主要集中在0.5～1.5 mm范围内,约占90%,0～0.5 mm和1.5～2.0 mm直径的细根占比很少。在夏季之前,直径≤1.0 mm的细根增多;夏季之后,细根直径加粗,直径>1.0 mm的细根迅速增加。相较于施肥周期15 d,施肥周期30 d在2020年6—11月和2021年4—7月均能增加细根直径;在大部分土层中,施肥周期30 d会增加细根直径,施肥周期15 d会减小细根直径;在2020年正南和东北方向上,施肥周期15 d会减小细根直径,施肥周期30 d会增加细根直径。一行一管较一行两管在2020年和2021年8月均能增加细根直径;在浅中层土壤(0～38 cm土层...     

根系吸水模型模拟覆膜旱作水稻气孔导度

为构建覆膜旱作水稻根系吸水模型,进一步改进气孔导度模型,该文在湖北十堰开展包含3个水分处理(淹水、覆膜湿润和覆膜旱作栽培)的田间试验,分析覆膜旱作水稻蒸腾(根系吸水)与根长之间的关系,在此基础上建立覆膜旱作水稻根系吸水模型,并将其代替彭曼(Penman-Monteith,PM)方程来估算蒸腾强度,进而与脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)参与调控的气孔导度模型耦合,模拟覆膜旱作条件下水稻气孔导度的日变化过程。结果表明,水稻蒸腾与根长呈线性正比关系(R~2=0.96,P0.05),据此建立的根系吸水模型可以较好地模拟覆膜旱作水稻的蒸腾(根系吸水)规律,使蒸腾强度模拟值和实测值间的相对误差基本控制在15%以内;经改进后的Tardieu-Davies气孔导度模型(TD模型)可有效描述不同土层根系吸水流中的ABA浓度及不同根系层ABA的合成对木质部蒸腾流中总ABA含量的贡献,可较好地模拟气孔导度的日变化过程。改进TD模型大大提高了模拟精度,使相对误差不超过7.0%。该研究可为覆膜旱作水稻生理节水机理和水分利用效率评估提供一定的理论依据。     

加速林木良种基地建设提高林木良种基地效能

本文分析了影响林木良种基地质量的因素，提出提高良种基地效能的对策并对福建省良种选育和繁殖工作提出建议。     

不同外援营养液对白灵菇生长的影响

以白灵菇菌株TN01为试材,选取香菇、杏鲍菇、白玉菇3种食用菌菇根为原料配制外援营养液,测定各营养液主要成分含量,并研究了不同类型与浓度营养液对白灵菇菌丝及子实体生长的影响,以期为白灵菇的高产栽培技术提供参考依据。结果表明:与常规PDA培养基相比,适量加入白玉菇菇根提取液可提高白灵菇菌丝生长速度;添加外援营养液对子实体的农艺性状影响不大,对产量有一定的促进作用,其中施用香菇菇根提取液的白灵菇子实体产量最高,小区总产量与对照相比提高了54.6%。施用香菇菇根提取液后对白灵菇子实体中的硝酸盐含量及蛋白质含量有提升的效果,但对亚硝酸盐及粗纤维含量无促增长的效果。