五笔字根“形、音、义”三结合速记法——兼谈英文字母键位速记

根据汉字＂形、音、义＂的三个特点,采用字根与字母组合构图以及谐音组词的方式助记五笔字根,以使每个五笔字根都能与相应键位的英文字母建立直观、形象、易于联想的紧密联系,从而达到事半功倍、快速持久的记忆效果。     

环境及栽培措施对作物根系发育的影响

综述了环境（土壤、光、温度和重金属）及栽培措施（耕作方式、施肥、调节剂和水分）对作物根系生长发育、形态结构、生理生化的影响,并提出“根一苗”关系、“根一冠”关系以及环境和农艺措施对根系的调节效应为该研究领域的主要研究方向和关键问题。     

Negligible contribution from roots to soil-borne phospholipid fatty acid fungal biomarkers 18:2ω6,9 and 18:1ω9

The phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers 18:1ω9, 18:2ω6,9 and 18:3ω3,6,9 are commonly used as fungal biomarkers in soils. They have, however, also been found to occur in plant tissues, such as roots. Thus, the use of these PLFAs as fungal biomarkers in sieved soil, which may still contain small remains of roots, has been questioned. We used data from a recent beech tree girdling experiment to calculate the contribution of roots to these biomarkers and were able to demonstrate that not more than 0.61% of 18:1ω9 and 18:2ω6,9 in sieved soil samples originated from roots (but 4% of 18:3ω3,6,9). Additionally, the abundance of the biomarker 18:2ω6,9 in the soil was found to be highly correlated to ectomycorrhizal root colonization, which further corroborates its fungal origin. PLFA biomarkers were substantially reduced in vital roots from girdled trees compared to roots of control trees (by up to 76%), indicating that the major part of PLFAs measured in roots may actually originate from ectomycorrhizal fungi growing inside the roots. We calculated, that even a near to 50% reduction in fine root biomass - as observed in the girdling treatment - accounted for only 0.8% of the measured decrease of 18:2ω6,9. Our results demonstrate that both 18:1ω9 and 18:2ω6,9 are suitable biomarkers for detecting fungal dynamics in soils and that especially 18:2ω6,9 is a reliable biomarker to study mycorrhizal dynamics in beech forests.     

冬季修剪对苹果新根细胞分裂素含量的影响研究

本试验以盆载３年生新红星／海棠为试材，应用高效液相色谱分析方法，研究了冬季修剪对苹果新根内源细胞分裂素含量的影响。新根中玉米素核苷（ＺＲ）、玉米素（Ｚ）的含量，缓放植株高于短截植株；但ＺＲ／Ｚ的比值，缓放植株低于短截植株。     

福建省林木良种繁育概况及今后工作设想

本文介绍了福建省林木种质资源的收集保存、研究利用，优良家系选育，树种内种源研究，高世代种子园研究，乡土树种栽培驯化，外来树种引种，提高种子园种子产量所采取的措施，无性繁殖技术等林木良种繁育概况；并就林木育种工作存在的问题及今后工作设想提出建设性意见。     

Impact of land degradation on soil respiration in a steppe (Stipa tenacissima L.) semi-arid ecosystem in the SE of Spain

Climate change scenarios predict increases in temperature, changes in precipitation patterns, and longer drought periods in most semi-arid regions of the world. Ecosystems in these regions are prone to land degradation, which may be aggravated by climate change. Soil respiration is one of the main processes responsible for organic carbon losses from arid and semi-arid ecosystems. We measured soil respiration over one year in two steppe ecosystems having different degrees of land degradation under three ground-covers: with vegetation, bare soil, and an intermediate situation between plants and bare soil.The largest differences in soil respiration rates between the sites were observed in spring, coinciding with the highest level of plant activity. The degraded site had drier and hotter soils with less soil water availability and a longer drought period. As a result, vegetation on the degraded site did not respond to spring rainfall events. Soil respiration showed a strong seasonal variability, with average annual rates of 1.1 and 0.8 μmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹ in the natural and degraded sites, respectively. We did not observe significant differences in soil respiration rates associated with ground-cover i.e., the temporal variation was much larger than the spatial variation. At both sites, soil moisture was the controlling driver of soil respiration for most of the year, when temperatures were above 20 °C and constrained the response to temperature for the few months when the temperature was below 20 °C. An empirical model based on soil temperature and soil moisture explained 90% and 72% of the seasonal variability of soil respiration on the natural and degraded sites, respectively. For the first time, this study suggests that land degradation may alter the carbon balance of these ecosystems through changes in the temporal dynamics of soil respiration and plant productivity, which have important negative consequences for ecosystem functioning and sustainability.     

幼儿民间艺术教育研究

本文阐述了开展幼儿民间文学、民间音乐、民问美术等民间艺术教育研究的目的、教学实验方法步骤和实验结果，并运用统计学原理对实验班与对照班幼儿进行了效果测评比较、差异显著性检验及其结果分析与探讨，得出在3-6岁幼儿中开展系统科学的民间艺术教育对于促进幼儿身心发展、增强幼儿艺术素质具有显著效果。     

Calcium nutrition of the sugarbeet

Abstract

When sugarbeet seedlings are transferred from a complete nutrient solution to one from which Ca has been withheld, the rootlets and tops fail to develop. The same transfer at the eight‐leaf stage causes the rootlets to become stubby and swollen at the tips and blade expansion becomes modified; particularly the upper portions of the blades attaining nearly full development, which pucker and often develop a cupping or hooding effect; a unique symptom characteristic of Ca deficiency. As each new leaf develops, the blade area becomes smaller until only a black tip remains at the apex of the petiole, which is the symptom referred to as tip‐burn for this petiole and the successively . shorter petioles formed as Ca deficiency increases in severity. Strangely, these symptoms also appear during periods of rapid growth when the nutrient solution contains as much as 10 to 28 milliequivalents per liter of Ca or when soils are high in Ca. This implies that Ca absorption and possibly translocation limits the Ca supply at the growing point. Increasing Mg in the nutrient solution decreases Ca uptake and increases Ca deficiency. Potassium deficiency, unexpectedly, induces Ca deficiency apparently by decreasing the translocation of Ca to the growing point.

These phenomena suggest the hypothesis that when ion absorption takes place from the root exchange site that has the affinity for H > Ca > Mg > K > Na, then the H generated internally replaces, and the roots absorb, Na, K and Mg preferentially. Externally, Ca would be adsorbed preferentially from the nutrient solution by the exchange complex, and with the addition of Mg, it would compete for the common adsorption site of Ca and limit Ca absorption internally. Under these conditions potassium‐deficient nutrient solutions would not induce Ca deficiency by decreasing Ca absorption but rather by decreasing Ca translocation. Theoretically, Ba would replace H more readily than Ca on the exchange complex, and therefore, Ba would be adsorbed preferentially and Ca uptake would increase. This effect of Ba was verified experimentally.

Since the translocation of ⁴⁵Ca to the growing point was found to be unrestricted under Ca‐sufficient and Ca‐deficient conditions and since the formation of insoluble Ca compounds such as phosphate or oxalate did not account for the Ca deficiency at the growing point, the cause of the Ca deficiency at the growing point is most likely the higher priority of the storage root for Ca over tops when leaf blades and storage root are both expanding rapidly. However, Ca retransport from older to younger parts of the sugarbeet plant may be restricted by the formation of Ca phosphate under Ca‐deficient conditions and Ca oxalate under Ca‐sufficient conditions.

Calcium deficiency increases net photosynthesis per unit blade area initially, probably because of blade puckering, but not on a per unit chlorophyll basis.     

《热学》省级精品课程建设的探索与实践——以四川文理学院为例

精品课程建设是从根本上提高高等教育质量和人才培养质量的奠基性工作.四川文理学院《热学》省级精品课程在建设实践中,明确提出了＂为学生而建＂的课程建设目的;紧紧围绕学院的办学定位、人才培养定位以及物理学本科专业的人才培养目标,理清了课程建设的思路;重点开展了师资队伍建设、教学方法改革、教材建设等建设工作;同时,还建立了有效的激励机制、多样的交流机制和综合的评价机制,有力地保障和提升了精品课程的建设水平.     

地下滴灌系统施加氟乐灵的排根效应研究

通过小麦盆栽试验,研究向地下滴灌系统施加氟乐灵的排根效应。结果表明,地下滴灌不施药时滴头所在的竖直方向根密度较大,而施加少量氟乐灵后,滴头所在位置处根密度有不同程度降低,说明氟乐灵有抑制小麦根系向滴头附近生长的趋势。施药时间、施药浓度和施药量均对药物排根效应显著影响,其中施药时间为极显著。施药时间越晚,排根范围越小,出苗后50d施药的平均排根范围仅为3.03cm2;施药浓度越小,排根范围越小,浓度为1.5g/L及1.2g/L的排根范围接近,而浓度为0.9g/L的平均排根范围最小,为6.0cm2;施药量越小排根范围越小,施药量为0.023g/滴头的平均排根范围为8.37cm2。