浅谈苄·二氯对抛栽水稻的药害及预防措施

针对当前兴业县高峰镇抛秧田应用面积最广的除草剂苄·二氯因使用不当造成水稻药害的现状,进行深入的调查研究,找出造成药害的原因,提出切实可行的预防措施。     

ArcPad在营造林外业调查系统中的应用

详细介绍了ArcPad在支持GIS的PDA设备中的应用技术,以营造林外业调查系统为例,详细给出了通过ArcPad结合空间数据库在PDA设备中构建营造林外业调查系统的方法和步骤。     

砂田抑制蒸发功能随覆砂年限的演变规律

【目的】研究压砂覆盖(砂田)保温及抑制蒸发功能随砂田退化程度的演变规律。【方法】基于多年Landsat卫星数据,使用辐射传输方程法反演香山地区砂田地表温度(LST),结合田间地表温度监测,对比砂田与裸地的地表温度变化,分析了砂田抑制土壤蒸发的机理,并探讨了砂田的功效与砂田使用年限的关系。【结果】砂田在LST-NDVI梯形空间中贴近于暖边,其土壤水分比耕地少,接近于干土层。因此,砂田可以隔离辐射与土壤表层,从而减小潜热通量,抑制土壤蒸发。砂田昼夜温差明显比裸地大,且对于西瓜等作物,砂田的有效地表积温也比裸地提高了10%。【结论】砂田退化过程可分为纯砾石阶段、砂土混合阶段和砂土连通阶段,从砂田的保温及抑制蒸发功能来看,砂田的有效使用年限为25～30 a。     

天柱县耕地生产潜力与人口承载力研究

以天柱县为例,估算2020年耕地生产潜力,并进行了耕地人口承载力的分析。结果表明,天柱县的粮食增产潜力在理论上较大,在未来10年内,耕地资源数量将延续持续减少伴随着未来人口增加是不可逆转的,这两者的矛盾尖锐,未来耕地承载力面临的形势还很严峻。     

意大利瓦勒拉尼整地系统与常规开沟犁整地效益对比分析

通过意大利瓦勒拉尼整地系统（由火车型犁和海豚型犁2种犁型构成,其中火车型犁近似水平沟式整地,海豚型犁近似大鱼鳞坑式整地）与常规开沟犁整地效益的对比试验,结果显示：同期覆土层（0～20 cm）的土壤含水量以瓦勒拉尼系统2种整地方式最高,是常规开沟犁整地的1.28倍和1.11倍。火车型犁整地的土壤容重为1.05 g/cm3,常规开沟犁整地为1.08 g/cm3,火车型犁整地后的土壤容重最小。瓦勒拉尼系统的火车型犁整地后的土壤毛管最大持水量是56.12%,远高于未整地的48.44%和普通犁整地的52.12%,分别是后两者的1.16倍和1.08倍。火车型犁整地后文冠果的地径达1.00 cm,是普通犁整地后地径0.42 cm的2.38倍;树高为0.93 m,是普通犁整地后树高0.53 m的1.75倍;保存率由59.30%提高至91.43%,提高了32.13个百分点;海豚型犁整地文冠果4年保存率则提高了13.42个百分点。     

等壳水电站碾压混凝土重力坝非溢流坝段稳定渗流场有限元分析研究

通过建立等壳水电站的非溢流坝段的准三维有限元模型,模拟了坝体排水管和排水廊道、上下游防渗层、坝基灌浆帷幕、坝基排水管和排水廊道等,对正常蓄水位工况下坝体、坝基的渗流总水头、压力水头、渗透比降、坝基扬压力分布及渗流量进行了计算分析,验证了坝体和坝基的防渗排水措施的合理性。     

蜂王浆对尾静脉注射4T1细胞小鼠抗氧化能力的影响

探讨蜂王浆对尾静脉注射4T1细胞小鼠的抗氧化和免疫力的影响.将4T1细胞或其与蜂王浆的混合物通过尾静脉注射入小鼠体内,ELISA法检测蜂王浆对小鼠血清、肝脏和肾脏中与抗氧化能力相关的指标及血清中和免疫力相关细胞因子水平的影响.结果表明,和模型对照组相比,蜂王浆(50、100 mg·mL~(-1))可以显著提高小鼠血清内T-AOC、IFN-α(P0.05)水平,降低IL-4的水平(P0.05);蜂王浆剂量为50 mg·m L~(-1)时,IFN-γ的含量显著增加(P0.05).蜂王浆(100 mg·mL~(-1))显著提高肾脏中T-AOC的水平(P0.05).可见,蜂王浆可以改善尾静脉注射4T1细胞小鼠的抗氧化能力和免疫力.     

不同剂量25羟基维生素D3对断奶前犊牛血液生化指标、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响

为研究不同剂量25羟基维生素D₃[25(OH)VD₃]对断奶前犊牛血液水平、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响,选取18 头健康状况良好的新生荷斯坦犊牛,随机分成3 组,每组6 头进行为期56 天的饲养试验。分为对照组[不添加25(OH)VD₃]、低剂量组[25(OH)VD₃添加量6 000 IU/头·天]和高剂量组[25(OH)VD₃添加量12 000 IU/头·天]。结果表明,与对照组相比,随着25(OH)VD₃添加剂量增加,血浆生长激素、胰岛素样生长因子-1、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、总抗氧化能力以及免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著增加(P<0.05),而丙二醛含量随剂量增加而存在降低趋势(P=0.079)。与对照组和低剂量组相比,高剂量组血浆免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量有增加趋势(P=0.059)。综上所述,断奶前犊牛饲喂高剂量25(OH)VD₃有利于促进体内生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子-1分泌,可提高犊牛抗氧化能力,增强免疫功能。     

Effects of Glyphosate on Soil Salinization and Alkalization in Cotton Fields

We analyzed the effects of glyphosate to the index of salinization and alkalization by simulation in soils collected from cotton fields in Anyang, Henan and Anqing, Anhui, China, in 2014. The results showed that application of glyphosate changed electrical conductivity (EC), total alkalinity (TAL), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and pH of soil in both regions，compared with the blank control. With increased frequency of glyphosate application and increased concentration applied, all indices increased in the Anqing cotton fields soil which were treated with concentrations of 2.5-20 g·L^－1 . However, EC, TAL and ESP increased dynamically in Anyang soil to which high concentrations of 20 g·L^－1 were applied only four consecutive times. After different glyphosate treatments, the soil pH value showed an upward trend but smaller changes. Therefore, after repeated use of glyphosate to soils of two different region soils, although the changes of all indices were within the range of non-saline and non-sodic soils, the soils affected by salt in the glyphosate aqueous solution tended towards saline-sodic soils.     

Organic input quality is more important than its quantity: C turnover coefficients in different cropping systems

Annual C input to soil is a major factor affecting soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. However different types of C-sources can have different behaviour, in relation to their chemical characteristics and how they interact with soil. Root-derived C, in particular, should be more efficient than other organic materials as a result of the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the surrounding environment, leading to a reduction in the C decomposition rate.To test this hypothesis, we considered a long-term experiment underway in Northern Italy since 1962, comparing permanent meadow and 6 different crop rotations over a wide range of nutrient inputs, in both organic and inorganic forms. C inputs from amendments were measured and those from crops were calculated using allometric functions and crop and residues yields. The time evolution of SOC was studied through a single-pool, first-order kinetic model, allowing the estimation of humification coefficients for residues, roots, farmyard manure and cattle slurries.The highest value of the humification coefficient was estimated for farmyard manure, which confirmed its high efficiency in stabilising SOC content. Root C presented a humification coefficient 1.9 times higher than above-ground plant materials while slurries were intermediate, with a humification coefficient roughly half that of farmyard manure and even lower that of roots.The quality of C input thus seems of fundamental importance for evaluating the sustainability of different cropping systems in terms of SOC dynamics.