响应面法优化绿色木霉产孢子固体发酵培养基

为探讨绿色木霉固体发酵产孢子的最佳发酵培养基。运用响应面法设计试验,筛选出主要影响因子碳酸钙、硫酸铵及氯化锰,以孢子量为响应值建立二次回归方程,并借助Design Expert 8.0.6软件进行分析数据并确定优化条件。结果表明,在温度28℃,接种量15%,料水比1:0.70的培养条件下发酵7天,孢子量为8.505×109CFU/g。通过优化,最终确定最佳发酵配方为:麸皮(过40目筛)50%,稻壳粉(过20目筛)30%,玉米粉(过80目筛)20%,硫酸铵1.08%,黄豆饼粉2.00%,玉米浆干粉2.00%,碳酸钙0.55%,氯化锰0.37%,pH 6.0～7.0。该配方所用原料廉价易得,发酵水平高,为大规模工业化生产提供保障。     

放线菌株SJY56的分离鉴定及其抗菌活性的初步研究

从青海省三江源国家自然保护区土样中分离放线菌株230个,经平板对峙培养初筛和发酵过滤液抑菌试验,得到一个较好的菌株SJY56,其发酵液经5倍稀释对金黄色葡萄球菌有显著抑制活性,抑菌圈直径为21mm.经培养观察,生理生化测定,并结合16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定SJY56为链霉菌(Streptomyces atroolivaceus).     

地生枝顶孢液体培养物不同溶剂提取物清除DPPH自由基活性的研究

用二苯代苦味肼自由基(DPPH)-TLC法和酶标仪法对地生枝顶孢发酵菌丝体和发酵液不同溶剂提取物清除自由基活性进行了分析,发现茵丝体和发酵液的各种溶剂提取物均具有清除自由基的活性,但不同溶剂提取物对DPPH自由基的清除活性有差别,其中以75%乙醇提取物效果最佳,茵丝体和发酵液75%乙醇提取物在浓度为5.0 mg·mL-1,于37℃保温10 min时,对0.2 mg·mL-1的DPPH自由基的清除率分别达到63.75%和91.23%.     

Production of chitinolytic enzymes with Trichoderma longibrachiatum IMI 92027 in solid substrate fermentation

Thirty Trichoderma strains representing 15 species within the genus have been screened for extracellular production of chitinolytic enzymes in solid substrate fermentation (SSF). T.longibrachiatum IMI 92027 (=ATCC 36838) gave the highest yield (5.0 IU/g dry matter of substrate) after 3 days of fermentation on wheat bran-crude chitin (9:1 mixture) medium. The optimum moisture content (66.7%), chitin content (20%), initial pH of the medium (2-5) and time course (5 d) of SSF were determ…     

酒酒球菌在不同模拟酒培养基中的降酸效果研究

【目的】选择一种成分简单、降酸效果好的模拟酒培养基,为后续的苹果酸-乳酸发酵研究奠定基础。【方法】利用高效液相色谱等方法,分别测定不同时段酒酒球菌31 MBR和SD-2a在A、B、C、D4种模拟酒培养基中的L-苹果酸、L-乳酸质量浓度及pH值和OD值,研究不同培养基中L-苹果酸的降解效果。【结果】酒酒球菌31 MBR在A、B、D 3种培养基中的降酸效果基本一致,在第4天时L-苹果酸的降解率分别为90.75%,89.47%和91.92%,在C培养基中降解率稍低,为79.99%;SD-2a在B、D 2种模拟酒培养基中的降酸效果基本一致,第4天时L-苹果酸降解率分别为94.32%和91.49%,而在A、C 2种模拟酒培养基中降酸较慢,第4天时的L-苹果酸降解率分别为51.24%和69.21%。液相色谱分析表明,酒酒球菌31 MBR和SD-2a在A、B培养基中培养,均能够获得分离效果较好的色谱图。【结论】A培养基适于酒酒球菌31 MBR的苹果酸-乳酸发酵,B培养基适于酒酒球菌SD-2a的苹果酸-乳酸发酵。     

亲水胶体对冷冻面团及其面包品质的影响

对亲水胶体在冷冻面包面团中的应用进行了系统研究。结果表明：黄原胶、阿拉伯胶和酪蛋白酸钠均可明显增强面团的抗拉伸性,其中,黄原胶的作用最强,可使新鲜面团与冷冻面团的最大拉伸阻力比对照分别增加76%和58%;黄原胶和阿拉伯胶的添加还显著提高了面团酵母发酵力,相比对照,两者的新鲜和冷冻面团分别提高了119%、208%及83%、113%。3种胶体的应用均可减少冷冻面团的可冻结水含量。亲水胶体对面包品质也有影响,其中,阿拉伯胶对面包品质有改善作用。     

菌物挺进兽药域菌质制抗禽流感

报告药用真菌开始应用在畜牧业中的研究情况．试验结果显示：在从肉鸡的全价日粮中添加一定量的经固体发酵或双向性固体发酵产生的药用菌质和药性菌质．能够显著挺高动物的生产性能和机体免疫力。在饲喂了42d后（菌质添加天数为5-35日龄）．试验一组即药用菌质组平均每只比对照组体增重（终重-初始重）增加了0．174Kg（提高了10.3％）．禽流感-H5亚型的血清抗体滴度比对照组提高了1．9个滴度：试验二组即药性茼质组禽流感-H5亚型的血清抗体滴度比对照组挺高了3．2个滴度。体增重增加了0．058Kg（提高了3．5％）。试验将为防治禽流感等的后继研究和生产性与临床试验提供理论依据和实验基础．     

Effects of cyclodextrin-iodopropane complex on methane production, ruminal fermentation and microbes, digestibility and blood metabolites in steers

The effects when adding cyclodextrin‐iodopropane complex (CD‐IP) to a diet, on ruminal fermentation and microbes, digestibility, blood metabolites and methane production, were evaluated using four Holstein steers in a cross‐over design. The steers were fed Sudangrass hay plus concentrate mixture at a ratio 1.5:1, and CD‐IP (1% of dry matter) was given twice daily by mixing with concentrate mixture. Rumen and blood samples were collected at 0, 2, and 5 h after morning dosing. Ruminal pH and numbers of protozoa were unaffected by CD‐IP treatment. Ruminal molar proportion of acetate was decreased (P < 0.05), and propionate was increased (P < 0.01) at 2 h after CD‐IP dosing. Proportion of butyrate was increased (P < 0.05) and ammonia‐N was decreased (P < 0.05) at 2 and 5 h after CD‐IP dosing. Adding CD‐IP had no effect on the feed intake and digestion of nutrients. Plasma glucose was increased and urea‐N was decreased (P < 0.05) at 2 and 5 h after CD‐IP dosing. Methane production was decreased (P < 0.05) by approximately 18% in the treatment steers. Numbers of methanogenic bacteria were decreased (P < 0.05), while total viable counts, cellulolytic, sulfate reducing and acetogenic bacteria were unaffected. The present results are the first to show that CD‐IP can partially inhibit in vivo ruminal methanogenesis without adverse effects on digestion of nutrients.     

不同水平大豆寡糖(SBOS)对生长绵羊瘤胃发酵的影响

采用体外批次培养法,研究在日粮中添加不同水平SBOS对绵羊瘤胃发酵功能的影响。SBOS的添加水平分别为基础日粮的0,0.4%,0.8%,1.2%,1.6%和2.0%等6个水平,即1个对照组(0水平组)5个试验组,每个组3个重复。结果表明:体外培养24 h,日粮中添加SBOS可以增加瘤胃液NH3-N、丙酸及总VFA、MCP浓度,提高培养底物NDF降解率,降低瘤胃液pH值、乙/丙比值,对瘤胃产气量、瘤胃液乙酸、丁酸浓度影响不显著。应用综合评定指标(MFAEI)对产气量、pH、MCP浓度、总VFA浓度、NH3-N浓度和NDF含量进行综合评定,得出添加量为1.2%的SBOS更有利于调控瘤胃发酵。     

秸秆生态工业建设的关键技术

目前秸秆生态工业的建设已形成了以秸秆汽爆为前提、压力脉动固态发酵作为主题技术路线的秸秆生物量全利用新的技术体系。压力脉动固态发酵新技术使生物技术在原料、技术、环保三方面都具有重大的技术突破，实现了严格意义上的纯种培养和规模性工业化生产。基于秸秆与木材在化学组成和结构差异，开发出了秸秆不加任何化学药品低压爆破清洁制浆、大麻清洁脱胶、秸秆制备腐植酸和活性低聚木糖等新一系列创新方法。