Integrating traditional and local ecological knowledge into forest biodiversity conservation in the Pacific Northwest

The potential for traditional and local ecological knowledge to contribute to biodiversity conservation has been widely recognized, but the actual application of this knowledge to biodiversity conservation is not easy. This paper synthesizes literature about traditional and local ecological knowledge and forest management in the Pacific Northwest to evaluate what is needed to accomplish this goal. We address three topics: (1) views and values people have relating to biodiversity; (2) the resource use and management practices of local forest users, and their effects on biodiversity; (3) models for integrating traditional and local ecological knowledge into biodiversity conservation on public and private lands. We focus on the ecological knowledge of forest users belonging to three groups who inhabit the region: American Indians, family forest owners, and commercial nontimber forest product harvesters.     

广东传统林业乡土知识系统与乡村林业

广东省山区居民人口多，且多居住在林区。山区人民在长期生产和生活实践中，对其聚居地的森林资源产生了深刻的认识和了解，并对其赖以生存的森林资源形成了独特的利用与管理的传统知识和经验。文章对广东乡土林业传统管理与利用进行了初步探讨。     

An overview of animal science research 1945–2011 through science mapping analysis

The conceptual structure of the field of Animal Science (AS) research is examined by means of a longitudinal science mapping analysis. The whole of the AS research field is analysed, revealing its conceptual evolution. To this end, an automatic approach to detecting and visualizing hidden themes or topics and their evolution across a consecutive span of years was applied to AS publications of the JCR category ‘Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science’ during the period 1945–2011. This automatic approach was based on a coword analysis and combines performance analysis and science mapping. To observe the conceptual evolution of AS, six consecutive periods were defined: 1945–1969, 1970–1979, 1980–1989, 1990–1999, 2000–2005 and 2006–2011. Research in AS was identified as having focused on ten main thematic areas: ANIMAL‐FEEDING, SMALL‐RUMINANTS, ANIMAL‐REPRODUCTION, DAIRY‐PRODUCTION, MEAT‐QUALITY, SWINE‐PRODUCTION, GENETICS‐AND‐ANIMAL‐BREEDING, POULTRY, ANIMAL‐WELFARE and GROWTH‐FACTORS‐AND‐FATTY‐ACIDS. The results show how genomic studies gain in weight and integrate with other thematic areas. The whole of AS research has become oriented towards an overall framework in which animal welfare, sustainable management and human health play a major role. All this would affect the future structure and management of livestock farming.     

农产品电商集群企业地理集中度、双重知识网络嵌入与协同创新绩效

协同创新是农产品电商集群企业高质量发展的重要内容,对实现小农户生产与大市场消费有效衔接和农业现代化发展具有重要意义。本文利用湖北、江西和浙江3省358家农产品电商集群企业的微观调研数据,运用多层次回归分析和Bootstrap分析方法,分析农产品电商集群企业地理集中度、双重知识网络嵌入与协同创新绩效间的关系,探究资产专用性和环境不确定性的调节作用。结果表明,农产品电商集群企业地理集中度和协同创新绩效处于较高水平,双重知识网络嵌入、资产专用性和环境不确定性均处于中等水平。地理集中度、双重知识网络嵌入、资产专用性与协同创新绩效显著正相关,环境不确定性与协同创新绩效显著负相关。农产品电商集群企业地理集中度正向影响协同创新绩效。农产品电商集群企业双重知识网络嵌入在地理集中度与协同创新绩效间发挥部分中介作用。资产专用性正向调节双重知识网络嵌入与协同创新绩效的正向关系;环境不确定性负向调节双重知识网络嵌入与协同创新绩效的正向关系;资产专用性和环境不确定性对双重知识网络嵌入与协同创新绩效的正向关系存在联合调节效应。因此,农产品电商集群企业要加强与集群内外部企业合作创新,注重数字技术设备的投入和更新,构...     

高校思想政治理论课实践教学的路径探析——来自云南Y大学的调查

思想政治理论课实践教学是形塑学生思想的重要教学环节与手段。本文以Y大学多年运行模式以及近三年的网络调查和同行评价为基础,分析高校思想政治理论课实践教学的可行路径。分析结果表明:该模式解决了长期困扰思想政治理论课实践教学的难题;开设得好的思想政治理论课实践教学是比较受学生欢迎的,绝大部分学生都积极参与了该教学模块,是因为他们从中获得了知识与能力。实践证明,该模式找到了通往“彼岸”的基本路径。     

试谈林业行政处罚中应用业务知识的重要性

指出了林业行政执法复杂且专业性要求强,林业业务知识对林业行政执法特别是林业行政处罚极为重要,通过专门人员或专业机构出具的林业勘验、检查或鉴定报告对案件性质或行政处罚裁量权起到了关键作用。结合实践探讨了林业行政执法人员掌握并依法运用林业业务知识,对林业行政执法水平、执法能力和执法效率、效果以及社会的影响。     

浅谈英语专业听力课中的英语新闻教学

在英语专业四级、八级考试中,听力部分都占据很大的比例,但这部分也是学生的主要失分点之一,尤其是其中的英语新闻的听力理解试题,学生的得分率普遍偏低.本文从英语新闻的结构特点、词汇特点和背景知识入手,探讨了解英语新闻的结构特点、词汇特点和背景知识在英语新闻听力教学中的重要性,并针对英语新闻听力教学提出几点建议.     

Near extinction of a highly fecund fish: the one that nearly got away

It is widely assumed that commercial fisheries of highly fecund species are particularly resilient to exploitation, and that, should populations become seriously diminished, economic constraints will force fishing to cease before biological extinction can occur. Indeed, among commercially exploited marine fishes there is not one confirmed global extinction. Here we document, using nonconventional means, a story that not only questions such assumptions but that should also alert us to how little we know about significant fisheries in some parts of the world. Our case study is that of the highly threatened Chinese bahaba, Bahaba taipingensis, a member of the Sciaenidae (the drums or croakers), and an example of a fecund and commercially important group of fishes that appears to be especially vulnerable to fishing. We also demonstrate that the careful use of informal, or traditional, information can provide a powerful, sometimes unique, means of identifying and assessing the status and history of species that might be quietly slipping away before we learn anything about them.     

基于系统科学原理的知识组织理论研究

系统科学为知识组织的发展提供了理论基础和方法论基础,知识组织与系统科学是紧密相连的。笔者从系统科学原理角度对知识组织进行分析,以分类法和主题法为例,具体阐述了知识组织中所蕴含的整体性、层次性、相关性、动态性等系统科学原理。     

基于信息行为研究的虚拟知识空间——泛在知识环境下高校图书馆服务模式新探

泛在知识环境给高校图书馆建设与服务带来了一定的冲击,同时与带来了机遇,促使高校图书馆深入调研科研用户的需求,通过对科研用户信息行为的把握,更好地为用户服务。针对泛在知识环境下高校图书馆服务,笔者基于信息行为的研究,结合学科热点信息共享空间(IC),构建出虚拟知识共享空间,从理论方面介绍泛在知识环境、信息共享空间,从实践可能性分析信息行为研究主导下的虚拟知识共享空间服务对高校图书馆的价值。