典型丘陵地带耕地集约利用水平评价研究—以重庆市为例

运用因子分析法对重庆市自直辖以来的耕地集约利用状况进行了实证分析,拟为提高集约利用水平提供建议。研究结果表明,1997-2000年为重庆市耕地集约利用水平迅速提高阶段;2000-2004年为短期波动阶段,其中2002年达到峰值;2004-2006年为集约利用水平一度降低阶段;2006-2008年为逐步提高阶段。提高耕地集约利用水平必须尽快确立国家标准与规程,克服障碍因素影响,坚持内部挖潜,实现可持续性发展。     

基于Hydrus-1D模型的冬小麦根系层水分渗漏分析

利用Hydrus-1D模型模拟了河北省石津灌区冬小麦水分渗漏情况。结果表明,研究区40％的灌溉降雨量和38％的总供水量流出了200cm边界层,通过设置12种方案得到初始饱和度、2次春灌水量是影响灌区渗漏的主要因素,而二水时间间隔和第一水灌水日期影响相对较小。通过设置426种方案,分别得到了不同初始饱和度时,2次春灌灌水...     

渤海沉积物中微生物铁还原能力及其影响因素探讨

采用恒温厌氧培养实验,以Fe（OH）3为唯一电子受体,通过测定接种不同沉积物提取液后的体系中Fe（Ⅱ）含量变化,研究了渤海沉积物在不同的碳源、温度、厌氧培养时间及pH条件下的铁还原特征。结果表明,从不同水质海区沉积物提取的微生物群落均可以葡萄糖和丙酮酸盐为优势碳源,并迅速还原Fe（Ⅲ）,其利用不同碳源的铁还原能力表现为葡萄糖〉丙酮酸盐〉乳酸盐〉乙酸盐;在不同水质海区之间Fe（Ⅲ）还原程度存在一定差异,Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类水质区域的微生物Fe（Ⅲ）还原能力明显低于Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类水质区域;以葡萄糖和丙酮酸盐作为碳源培养时,在15℃和30℃培养条件下其Fe（Ⅲ）还原反应的活性随着温度的升高而升高,表明微生物在优势碳源下,提高培养温度可促进铁还原反应的效率;淹水时间延长可改变微生物群落结构,促进利用葡萄糖和丙酮酸盐的微生物恢复增长,使Fe（Ⅲ）还原能力增强;微生物群落在pH中性体系条件下Fe（Ⅲ）还原能力最强,随着体系pH值由8.0升高到11.0或pH由6.0降低到3.0,体系中Fe（Ⅲ）还原能力均逐渐降低。     

冀东平原水稻大田生产营养元素限制因子研究

通过冀东平原水稻土壤氮、磷、钾、锌、硼等大量和微量元素对水稻产量的影响进行研究,阐明了养分限制因子,提出了增产措施。按照NY/T 497—2002《肥料效应鉴定田间试验技术规程》,采用田间小区肥料试验方法,对氮、磷、钾、铜、铁、锰、锌、硼、钼九种营养元素进行缺素对比,找出限制因子。施用氮肥比对照增产明显,产量差异极显著,说明氮肥是影响水稻产量的主要限制因子;除氮肥外,其他肥料作用与全素比较差异不显著,说明还不是限制因子;缺氮处理与对照比产量差异不显著,说明在氮素缺失情况下,其他肥料综合作用不明显。通过对水稻营养元素限制因子的研究,初步了解了水稻生产中各种营养元素对产量的影响,为今后水稻科学施肥奠定了基础。     

贵州省柚木适生区域研究

采用设置样地的方法对贵州省引种的柚木进行生长情况的调查分析.结果表明,贵州省引种柚木的适生区域是南部的南、北盘江低热河谷地区,红水河、南盘江岸边海拔700 m以下以及北盘江两岸海拔550 m以下地区.在适生区域发展柚木采用四旁植树的方法效果最佳,坡地造林宜选择土层厚度80 cm以上的地域,采取反斜坡带状整地效果较好.     

萨特存在主义自由观与当代“存在式”自由

萨特存在主义的基本观点是"存在"和"自由选择"。"自由选择"理论已被当代社会演变为"存在式"自由,即面对相对自由选择的不同的处理心态,体现自由局限性的自由发展现状。现代社会物欲需求占主导地位,社会生活节奏加快,自由的含义在社会人身上的体现也在不断地发展变化着。     

Carbon sequestration potential of recommended management practices for paddy soils of China, 1980-2050

China's rice paddies, accounting for 19% of the world's total, play an important role in soil carbon (C) sequestration. In order to reduce uncertainties from upscaling spatial processes of the DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model for improving the understanding of C sequestration under recommended management practices (RMPs), we parameterized the DNDC model with a 1:1,000,000 polygonal soil database to estimate how RMPs influence potential C sequestration of the top 30 cm of Chinese paddy soils and to identify which management practices have the greatest potential to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) in these soils. These practices include reduced/no tillage, increasing crop residue return, and increasing manure applications. A baseline and eleven RMP scenarios were projected from 2009 to 2080, including traditional and conservation tillage, increasing crop residue return, increasing manure incorporation, and the combination of these practices. The results indicated that C sequestration potential under modeled RMPs increased compared to the baseline scenario, and varied greatly from 29.2 to 847.7 Tg C towards the end of the study period with an average rate of 0.7 to 20.2 Tg C yr^− 1. In general, increasing crop residue return was associated with higher rates of C sequestration when compared to increasing manure application or practicing conservation tillage. The simulations demonstrated that the most effective soil C sequestration strategy probably involves the implementation of a combination of RMPs, and that they vary by location.     

Induction of VEGF by tepoxalin does not lead to increased tumour growth in a canine osteosarcoma xenograft

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug tepoxalin on canine tumour cell growth and describe the changes associated with tepoxalin treatment. In vitro experiments were performed to assess tepoxalin-associated alterations in tumour cell growth. Clinically achievable tepoxalin concentrations did not significantly alter tumour cell growth in vitro. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α dose-dependently increased in vitro in the presence of tepoxalin. A canine osteosarcoma xenograft was used to determine in vivo effects of tepoxalin on tumour growth and angiogenesis. Despite increased VEGF in vitro, there was a significant growth delay associated with tepoxalin treatment. Normal dogs were administered tepoxalin to assess effects on systemic VEGF production, but not found to have significantly increased VEGF. These data suggest that tepoxalin may moderately inhibit tumour growth and may be administered as an analgesic to tumour-bearing dogs.     

肝脏极低密度脂蛋白合成和分泌的研究进展

肝脏中极低密度脂蛋白(very low-density lipoprotein,VLDL)的过量沉积是引起脂质代谢紊乱进而形成脂肪肝的主要原因.本文综述了VLDL组装过程的最新特点以及肝脏中VLDL合成和分泌的影响因素,包括与VLDL合成相关的载脂蛋白B- 100( apoB-100)的结构和功能、微粒体甘油三酯转运蛋...