巴东富硒天麻产业建设初探

天麻作为一种药材，同时又是一种理想的保健品，市场前景可观。巴东森林资源丰富，同时恩施辖区为我国第一个高硒区，在大力开发硒产品之际，巴东富硒天麻产业基地建设势在必行。它可使我县经济增长，农民增收，同时对巳东的产业结构大调整，山区资源大开发起着不可估量的作用。     

Changes of plasma membrane H<Superscript>+</Superscript>-ATPase activities of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycine max</Emphasis> seeds by PEG treatment

The soybean （Glycine max） Heihe No. 23 is sensitive to imbibitional chilling injury. Polyethylene glycol （PEG） treatment can improve chilling tolerance of soybean seeds to a certain extent. The changes of hydrolytic ATPase in plasma membranes and H^＋-pumping responses in soybean seeds were investigated during PEG treatments. Effects of exogenous calcium and exogenous ABA on the hydrolytic ATPase were also examined in order to understand the mechanism of chilling resistance. Highly purified plasma membranes were isolated by 6.0% aqueous two-phase partitioning from soybean seeds, as judged by the sensitivity of hydrolytic ATPase to sodium vanadate. PEG treatment resulted in a slight increase of the hydrolytic ATPase activity in 12 h. Then the activity decreased gradually, but still higher than the control. The H^＋-pumping activity increased steadily during PEG treatment. Exogenous calcium had both activating and inhibiting effects on the hydrolytic ATPase, but the activity was inhibited in soybean seeds treated with exogenous ABA. Results suggested that PEG treatment, not the exogenous calcium and ABA, up-regulated H^＋-ATPase activities in soybean seeds.     

陕西富硒与非富硒地区山羊组织硒含量和GPX-7基因表达的比较

为了探讨陕西紫阳县(富硒地区)山羊各组织中微量元素硒的含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化酶7(Glutathione Peroxidase 7,GPX-7)基因的表达情况,以及组织中的硒沉积量对GPX-7基因表达的影响。利用原子荧光光谱法对年龄相仿、体质量相近的紫阳县双安镇(n=7)和广成镇(n=7)和宝鸡市陈仓区白山羊体内硒含量进行了测定;同时运用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)相对定量技术测定GPX-7基因mRNA的相对表达量。紫阳双安镇山羊硒含量显著高于紫阳广成镇(P0.05),同时紫阳县均显著高于宝鸡陈仓区(P0.05);但是紫阳双安镇与紫阳广成镇山羊肺脏中硒含量差异不显著(P0.05)。GPX-7基因在各组织器官中广泛表达,但是不同地区的山羊表现出不同的组织差异性。紫阳双安镇山羊心脏、脾脏、肾周脂肪和背最长肌组织中mRNA水平与紫阳广成镇差异不显著(P0.05),但是紫阳地区均显著高于宝鸡陈仓区(P0.05)。在肺脏、肾脏、股二头肌和淋巴组织中,来自不同地区的山羊GPX-7基因mRNA的表达量地差异均两两显著(P0.05),其中紫阳广成镇山羊肺脏的表达量显著高于其他两个地区(P0.05)。由此可见,山羊各组织器官中微量元素硒的沉积量和GPX-7基因mRNA的表达量表现出较为一致的地域趋势,即紫阳双安镇紫阳广成镇宝鸡陈仓区,这表明微量元素硒上调GPX-7基因的表达,但是具有组织差异性。     

外源精胺对断奶仔猪小肠黏膜成纤维细胞因子-2蛋白质表达量及小肠发育的影响

本试验旨在研究外源精胺对断奶仔猪小肠黏膜成纤维细胞因子-2( FGF2)蛋白质表达量及小肠发育的影响。将9窝胎次和初生体重相近的7日龄“杜×长×大”哺乳仔猪随机分配到0、12和15 mg/kg外源精胺组,每组3窝。仔猪从7日龄起补饲相应的饲粮,21日龄断奶后继续补饲断奶前饲粮至28日龄结束。从每窝选2头接近平均体重的仔猪屠宰,采集小肠及黏膜样品,测定FGF2蛋白质表达量和小肠的发育状况。结果表明：1)12 mg/kg外源精胺组仔猪小肠黏膜FGF2蛋白质表达量分别高于0和15 mg/kg外源精胺组,但3个外源精胺组仔猪小肠黏膜FGF2蛋白质表达量之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)12和15 mg/kg外源精胺组仔猪小肠绒毛高度和宽度分别极显著大于0 mg/kg外源精胺组( P<0.01),而12 mg/kg外源精胺组仔猪十二指肠和空肠黏膜绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值( V/C )分别极显著高于0 mg/kg外源精胺组( P<0.01)。3)28日龄仔猪小肠黏膜蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶活性随外源精胺添加量的增加而升高。由此可见,给7~28日龄仔猪连续补饲外源精胺能提高28日龄仔猪小肠黏膜FGF2蛋白质表达量、V/C和二糖酶活性。     

Effect of Mediterranean saltbush (Atriplex halimus) ensilaging with two developed enzyme cocktails on feed intake,nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation in sheep

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of feeding Atriplex halimus (AH) silage treated with two developed enzyme cocktails to sheep on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation. The AH silage was treated without or with 2 L of ZAD1^® or ZAD2^®/1000 kg with 5% molasses and ensiled for 30 days. Barley grain (300 g/head/day) was fed as an energy supplement once daily at 10.00 hours and AH silage with or without enzyme treatment was offered ad libitum to animals twice daily at 09.00 and 16.00 hours. Sheep were fed on four experimental forage diets comprised of AH silage and barley (D1), AH silage treated with ZAD1^® and barley (D2), AH silage treated with ZAD2^® and barley (D3) and AH silage treated with a combination of ZAD1^® and ZAD2^® (1:1) and barley (D4). Ensiling AH with enzymes reduced its contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. The dry matter intake of AH of D2, D3 and D4 decreased (P < 0.001) as compared to D1. However, enzyme‐treated diets had greater total digestible nutrients intake (P < 0.001) as compared to D1. The nutrients digestibility for D2, D3 and D4 were higher than those for D1 (P < 0.001), and were higher for D3 as compared to both D2 and D4. Sheep fed on D3 had highest (P < 0.001) ruminal total volatile fatty acids concentration, ammonia nitrogen concentration and microbial protein yield. It could be concluded that AH silage treated with ZAD1^® or ZAD2^® improved digestibility and rumen fermentation in sheep.     

施用腐殖酸富硒肥对油菜各部位硒含量研究

[目的]为研究油菜植株各部位硒含量和富硒能力的分布特征,为富硒油菜专用肥的研究及低硒地区规模化生产富硒菜籽提供可行性参考。[方法]油菜生长不同时期施用等量有机-无机复混腐植酸硒肥,分别采集根、茎、叶、果皮、果实等不同部位样品,采用原子荧光光谱法和固相萃取原子荧光光谱法分别测定总硒、有机硒、无机硒含量,考察油菜植株各部位的富硒能力。[结果]油菜植株各部位富硒能力表现为：总硒含量果实＞根、叶＞果皮、茎,有机硒果实＞叶、果皮＞根、茎,始花期施肥时硒含量达到富硒标准。[结论]施用外源腐殖酸硒肥有利于油菜植株各部位硒含量的增加,在始花期施肥时效果最佳,为后续富硒油菜的种植提供参考,选择出芽期施用常规基肥,始花期追施外源腐殖酸硒肥。     

外源C4-PEPC对水稻粒形和稻米品质及成分的影响

【目的】磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase,PEPC）参与植物碳代谢,并且在碳氮耦合代谢调节过程中扮演着重要角色。分析导入外源C₄-PEPC对水稻稻谷粒形和稻米品质及成分变化的影响,进一步阐明C₄-PEPC在C₃植物水稻中的作用。【方法】以航2号（对照）和转C₄-PEPC水稻为材料,采用万深SC-G型自动考种及千粒重分析仪分析稻谷的粒形,采用电镜扫描观察稻米内部淀粉粒结构,参照标准米质测定方法测定稻米品质(直链淀粉含量、胶稠度、碱消值);同时,测定稻米中支链淀粉、蔗糖、可溶性总糖及碳氮的含量,并采用高效液相色谱法测定稻米中的氨基酸含量。【结果】粒形分析表明,与对照航2号相比,转C₄-PEPC水稻的谷粒明显较短较窄,其长、宽、周长及千粒质量也明显较小。电镜扫描显示,航2号淀粉粒排列紧密,而转C₄-PEPC稻米淀粉粒排列明显比较松散。转C₄-PEPC株系稻米中直链淀粉含量明显较低,而支链淀粉含量明显较高,胶稠度和碱消值与对照无明显差别,垩白率和垩白度降低,蔗糖和可溶性糖含量极显著降低。转C₄-PEPC稻米的总氮含量明显较低,其中天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、苏氨酸、丙氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸、胱氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸等14种氨基酸含量明显较低,而其余3种氨基酸,即脯氨酸、异亮氨酸、色氨酸含量与对照无明显差别。【结论】导入外源C₄-PEPC后,水稻谷粒变小,淀粉粒排列松散,稻米中直链淀粉、蔗糖、可溶性糖、总氮及大部分氨基酸含量降低,而支链淀粉含量升高。     

外源Ca2+对模拟酸雨胁迫下不同抗性水稻根系氮吸收的影响

为减轻酸雨对植物生长的不利影响,探究Ca²⁺对植物耐酸性的调控机制,本文以五优308（抗性种）和南粳9108（敏感种）两个品种水稻为研究对象,研究外源Ca²⁺对低强度酸雨（pH 4.5,SAR1）和高强度酸雨（pH 3.0,SAR2）胁迫下水稻幼苗根系生长、氮（NO₃^-和NH₄⁺）含量及吸收速率、ATP含量、质膜H⁺-ATPase活性及其磷酸化水平的影响。结果表明： SAR1处理下两个品种水稻的H⁺-ATPase磷酸化水平和活性增加（P<0.05）,促进ATP分解,增加供能,使NH₄⁺吸收增加（P<0.05）,但NH₄⁺仅在南粳9108根中过量积累（P<0.05）,引起铵毒,造成根系生长抑制,五优308中NO₃^-和NH₄⁺含量及其生长均未受影响（P>0.05）。SAR2处理下,两个品种水稻质膜H⁺-ATPase活性和NO₃^-、NH₄⁺吸收速率及含量均降低,根系生长受到抑制（P<0.05）,其中南粳9108降幅大于五优308。Ca²⁺+SAR1处理组两个品种水稻根系质膜H⁺-ATPase磷酸化水平和活性、NO₃^-和NH₄⁺吸收和积累以及根系生长均与对照（叶喷去离子水处理）差异不显著（P>0.05）。Ca²⁺+SAR2处理下H⁺-ATPase活性、NO₃^-和NH₄⁺吸收和积累以及根系生长低于对照（P<0.05）,但显著高于单一SAR2处理（P<0.05）。研究表明,外源Ca²⁺可有效保障模拟酸雨（pH 4.5、3.0）下质膜H⁺-ATPase磷酸化水平,促进H⁺-ATPase活性升高,缓解酸雨对NO₃^-和NH₄⁺吸收的抑制,维持根系生长。其中,外源Ca²⁺对相同强度模拟酸雨胁迫下五优308的调控效果优于南粳9108,说明外源Ca²⁺对酸雨胁迫下植物氮吸收的影响不仅受酸雨强度限制,而且也会受品种影响。本实验中,外源Ca²⁺对不同强度酸雨胁迫下不同抗性水稻氮吸收均有调控效果,合理利用外源Ca²⁺将有助于调节酸雨区农作物的营养吸收,缓解酸雨对农业生产的危害。     

纳米硒添加剂对褐牙鲆生长性能、耗氧率及排氨率的影响

在饲料中通过喷洒的方式添加液体纳米硒,测定不同浓度液体纳米硒对褐牙鲆生长性能、耗氧率及排氨率的影响。结果表明:与投喂基础饲料的对照组相比,饲料中添加纳米硒的试验组褐牙鲆的终末体质量、特定生长率及增重率显著提高,其中10 m L/kg组增长最为显著;肝体比、脏体比及肠体比对照组与试验组无显著差异;添加纳米硒可以增强褐牙鲆的耗氧率及排氨率,耗氧率在10 m L/kg时达到最高,排氨率在20 mL/kg时达到最高。     

大豆叶面喷施硒肥效应研究

采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计试验,研究叶面喷施硒肥时期、硒肥用量、喷施次数和间隔时间对大豆籽粒含硒量的影响效应。结果表明,各因子对大豆籽粒含硒量都有显著影响,喷施时期延迟,硒含量下降;喷施次数增加,硒含量上升;随硒肥用量和间隔时间增加,硒含量均先增加后减少。要获得200~300 ug/kg的大豆硒含量,应在初花后4~8 d喷施硒肥,喷施2~3次,每次间隔6~7 d,共施硒肥2 300~3 100m L/hm2。