Periodical characteristics of baseflow in the source region of the Yangtze River

Baseflow,which represents the drainage of groundwater aquifers,is an essential component of runoff in hydrological basins.In the source region of the Yangtze River,the change of baseflow typically reflects the interactions between groundwater system and climatic factors in cold and arid areas.With modified Kalinen separation method,annual baseflow between 1957 and 2009 in this region was estimated and calculated.In comparison with the inner-annual variations of total streamflow,baseflow showed a weaker fluctuation.Before the 1980s,it was in a steady state;and after then,it demonstrated dramatic variations and large amplitudes.Based on the calculation results of baseflow,the real Morlet wavelet method was applied to reveal the periodical characteristics of baseflow as well as the precipitation and air temperature in the study area.It was found that annual baseflow has a 43-year trend as well as a 21-year period and a 7-year period.The 21-year period is most significant,with its wavelet coefficient having the largest fluctuation and amplitude.Summation of wavelet coefficients on these periods exhibits a similar change pattern with respect to that of annual baseflow.The summation curve takes a"W"shape,which means that the baseflow follows a four-stage sequence of descending–ascending–descending–ascending.As analyzed,the relationship among baseflow,precipitation and temperature is implied in the correlation between their normalized wavelet coefficients at different temporal scales.By the significant positive linear correlations both between precipitation and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.98)and between temperature and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.90)for the 43-year wavelet coefficients,it is suggested that the long-term increasing trends of precipitation and air temperature will lead to an increasing trend of baseflow.For wavelet coefficients of 21-year and 7-year periods,the positive linear correlation between precipitation and baseflow is significant.However,the correlation between air temperature and baseflow is not so evident,especially for the 21-year period.As a conclusion, correlation analysis with normalized wavelet coefficients showed that the change of annual baseflow was contributed mostly by the change of precipitation and secondly by the change of temperature.     

不同青贮玉米大喇叭口期和成熟期耐盐碱性综合评价

以25个不同青贮玉米品种为试验材料,在宁夏银川北部盐碱地,通过测定不同品种大喇叭口期和成熟期的表型性状和光合气体交换参数进行耐盐碱性鉴定,并利用主成分分析和模糊隶属函数法对不同青贮玉米的耐盐碱强弱进行综合评价。结果表明：各青贮玉米品种处于不同生育期时对盐碱的敏感程度不同（发育阶段性）,同一时期不同品种之间耐盐碱性也存在着差异（品种特异性）。根据综合评价值（D值）大小,将耐盐碱性分为三级：D值大于0.6为强耐盐碱性材料;D值在0.2~0.6之间为中耐盐碱性材料;D值低于0.2为对盐碱敏感的材料。其中,在大喇叭口期时具有强耐盐碱性的材料有：科多8号、桂青贮1号和133-2/1528,D值分别为0.770、0.705和0.614;在成熟期时具有强耐盐碱性的材料有：H14/A18和桂青贮1号,D值分别为0.761和0.728;而表现为敏盐性的材料为H14/1528,D值在大喇叭口期和成熟期时分别为0.140和0.155;其余品种均属于中度耐盐碱材料,D值处于0.2~0.6之间。     

毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂毒性与安全评价研究

通过接触法和摄入法测定了毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂的毒性。结果表明，毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂的接触毒性(24h LD50)分别为0．1634μg／蜂和0．0501μg／蜂，胃毒毒性(24h LE50)分别为0．6406mg／L和7．8261mg／L。根据Atkins毒性等级划分标准，毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂的毒性均为高毒，应禁止在蜜蜂活动区域使用。     

12种杀虫剂对日本通草蛉不同虫态的毒力及安全性评价

为明确常见杀虫剂对日本通草蛉各虫态的影响,在室内分别采用浸渍法和喷雾法测定了12种(8类)杀虫剂对日本通草蛉卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫的毒性,并评价了杀虫剂对日本通草蛉的毒性风险。结果表明,高效氯氰菊酯对日本通草蛉为极高风险,毒死蜱、吡虫啉、烯啶虫胺和阿维菌素为高风险,溴氰虫酰胺、啶虫脒和氯虫苯甲酰胺为中等风险,噻嗪酮、吡蚜酮、螺虫乙酯和甲氧虫酰肼为低风险;与其他虫态相比,12种杀虫剂对日本通草蛉蛹的毒性均为最低。在害虫生物防治及综合治理中应尽量选用对日本通草蛉毒性低的杀虫剂,以起到保护天敌的作用。     

绿色水电评价指标体系研究

针对当前我国水电开发与生态环境的矛盾以及国内外对绿色水电的不同理解,首先提出绿色水电是将可持续发展理念引入水电建设.强调人与自然的和谐相处,实现经济与资源、环境的可持续发展的概念.其次,按照科学的原则分别构建绿色水电设计、施工、运营3个阶段的评价指标体系.最后以云南某水电工程为例进行设计阶段绿色水电评价实例分析,为我国绿色水电的实际操作提供参考.     

桂林稻作区水稻控释肥适宜用量研究

通过早、晚造田间试验,在桂林稻作区开展了水稻控释肥应用研究。结果表明,每公顷水稻控释肥用量早稻以636 kg为宜,稻谷产量比控释肥561、711 kg处理及常规施肥处理分别提高18.7%、15.1%和9.5%;晚稻则以773 kg为宜,稻谷产量比控释肥698、848 kg处理和常规施肥处理分别提高14.8%、7.5%和8.9%。     

定安县稻作区水稻控释肥合理施用研究

通过田间试验,在海南定安县稻作区对水稻控释肥的适宜用量和施用方法进行优化研究。结果表明,一次性施用控释肥与当地常规分次施肥相比,可提高水稻株高、有效穗数、穗长、每穗粒数、千粒重,降低秕粒率,改善经济性状;每667 m2一次基施控释肥40 kg即可满足水稻本田期的营养需求,比常规分次施肥增产8.8%～12.6%,增收66.2～85.6元。     

草莓叶面积简易测定方法

以透明方格法作对照,分别与叶面积的其他简易测定法(叶长度×叶宽度的系数法、叶长度与叶面积的回归法、叶宽度与叶面积的回归法)比较。结果表明吐德拉(Tudla)叶面积的每种测定方法,以叶宽度与叶面积回归法最精确,计算公式是=7.0918x-13.4784穴公式中的x是叶宽度,y是叶面积,以下相同雪;鬼怒甘(Kinuama)叶面积的测定法也是叶宽度与叶面积回归法最精确,公式是=7.3187x-14.3288。杜克拉(Dukela)叶面积的测定法,推荐用叶宽度与叶面积的回归法,公式是=6.6393x-10.6411。y=a+bx^y=a+bx^y=a+bx^     

不同苹果砧木组培苗抗旱性的比较研究

【目的】为了提供苹果耐旱育种及栽培材料,【方法】以5种苹果砧木组培苗为试材,PEG-6000作为胁迫剂,模拟室外干旱进行处理,运用模糊隶属函数抗旱性综合分析,比较了5个苹果砧木组培苗的耐旱性。【结果】结果表明,在PEG-6000胁迫条件下,不同苹果砧木的叶绿素含量总体均呈下降趋势,叶片的相对电导率和MDA含量随PEG-6000胁迫质量分数的升高逐渐升高。在整个胁迫过程中,各苹果砧木组培苗叶片内蛋白质含量随胁迫质量分数的升高而增大。SOD活性随PEG-6000胁迫质量分数的升高呈先升高后下降趋势,且在20%PEG-6000胁迫条件下SOD活性达到了最大。POD活性随胁迫质量分数的升高呈现出逐渐升高的趋势。【结论】5种苹果砧木的抗旱性顺序依次为:新疆野苹果>平邑甜茶>八棱海棠>‘M26’>‘M9’。     

甜菜抗旱性评价体系及抗旱育种研究进展

综述了植物抗旱性评价体系研究进展及甜菜抗旱育种方面的研究进展,为建立甜菜抗旱鉴定评价体系,筛选抗旱型甜菜品种提供参考;密切关注这方面的研究进展,有助于甜菜抗旱节水育种方面的研究,提高甜菜对气候变暖、干旱加剧的适应能力。