基于SD-SVD-Burg的玉米叶片铜铅污染甄别与程度诊断

为研究一种快速甄别作物受重金属污染的元素类别和所受污染程度的方法,于2017年设置不同梯度铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)胁迫下的玉米盆栽实验,对玉米的紫谷、绿峰和红边3个光谱特征区间的高光谱数据进行光谱一阶微分和奇异值分解处理,并结合Burg算法绘制功率谱密度曲线,同时利用2014年采集的光谱数据作为验证组检验该模型的稳定性。结果表明:健康玉米叶片与不同浓度Cu、Pb胁迫下玉米叶片光谱信号的功率谱密度曲线的波峰数及波峰坡度均不相同。功率谱曲线平均功率和玉米叶片中Cu、Pb含量的相关系数最高可达0.9958,证明该方法在对玉米进行污染元素种类辨别和污染程度诊断方面具有可行性,不同年份Cu与Pb胁迫下绿峰功率谱曲线平均功率与玉米叶片中Cu、Pb含量的相关系数分别为0.9213和0.9915,进一步验证该算法在玉米Cu、Pb污染诊断方面具有稳定性与普适性。     

数字技能如何影响农民电商参与行为？——基于信息获取的中介效应分析

为探究数字技能对农民电商参与行为的影响及作用机制,基于2020年中国乡村振兴综合调查（CRRS）数据,立足“手段-自由-成就”的可行信息能力理论,构建“数字技能-信息获取-电商参与”的理论分析框架,采用二元Probit、Tobit和中介效应等分析方法,从信息获取的中介视角实证检验数字技能对农民电商参与决策及程度的影响,并进行稳健性检验和异质性分析。结果表明：1）数字技能对农民电商参与决策和程度均具有显著正向影响;2）信息获取在数字技能对农民电商参与决策和程度的影响中存在部分中介效应,中介效应占总效应的比重分别为11.76%和11.73%;3）数字技能对收入水平较高、受教育水平较高的农民,电商参与决策和参与程度的正向影响更为显著。政府应从有效提升农民数字技能水平,稳步实现信息获取自由,加强关注农民内部分化3方面提升农民电商参与率和程度。     

酶法制备绿豆多肽的研究

采用木瓜蛋白酶对绿豆蛋白进行水解,确定了水解绿豆蛋白制备绿豆多肽的最佳水解条件为最适pH为6.5,底物浓度7%,酶浓度为底物的8%,水解温度45℃,水解时间为4h。同时测定了绿豆蛋白水解前后的功能性质,结果表明得到的绿豆多肽的黏度、溶解度及乳化性、起泡性等得到了明显改善,适于在食品工业中应用。     

Assessing the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis) stock in Maine, USA

The green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis) fishery is of great importance to Maine’s economy. The fishery took off in the late 1980s as a result of expanding export markets, but has experienced substantial decline in landings since 1992 because of large decreases in urchin stock abundance. Fishery-independent surveys have not been conducted, and no formal stock assessment has been done prior to this study. Using the data collected from the fishery and urchin life history parameters derived from scientific studies, we conducted a formal stock assessment for the urchin stock. A stochastic observation-error length-structured model is used to describe the dynamics of the sea urchin population. A robust Bayesian approach is used for estimating fishery parameters because of concerns of possible outliers in fisheries data and mis-specification of priors. This study shows that the current stock is only 10% of the virgin stock biomass and that the exploitation rate is close to 40% suggesting that a large reduction in exploitation rate is necessary.     

Production of Interesting Peptide Fractions by Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Tuna Dark Muscle By-Product Using Alcalase

ABSTRACT

A protein hydrolysate was prepared from proteins of tuna dark muscle by-product. The hydrolysis conditions (time, temperature, pH, and enzyme concentration) using Alcalase was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The regression coefficient close to 1.0, observed during experimental and validation runs, indicated the validity of the model. The hydrolysate produced under the optimum conditions determined by RSM has a low rate of peptide fraction of molecular weight of 4–1 kDa. Meanwhile, the results obtained by hydrolysis under optimal conditions determined by a complementary study (temperature 55°C, time 60 min, 1% enzyme concentration, and pH 8.5) show that the hydrolysate produced has a height rate of the peptide fraction of molecular weight of 4–1 kDa. The amino acid composition of the protein hydrolysate prepared proved to have the potential for application as an ingredient in balanced fish diets and as a source of nitrogen in microbial growth media.     

Patterns and impacts of fish bycatch in a scallop dredge fishery

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