臭氧对鲜切莲藕酶促褐变的影响

以鲜切莲藕为原料,通过测定褐变度、失重率、总酚含量、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,研究了臭氧处理对鲜切莲藕贮存过程中酶促褐变的影响。结果表明,随着贮存时间延长,鲜切莲藕褐变度和失重率呈增加趋势,臭氧处理可以极显著降低鲜切莲藕褐变度和失重率(P0.01),且0.3 mg/L臭氧比0.6 mg/L效果好。当贮存时间由8 d延长为12 d时,样品总酚含量和PPO、POD活性开始降低,但总酚含量变化不大,PPO和POD活性下降较快。Pearson相关性分析表明,臭氧浓度与褐变度呈负相关(P=0.024);贮存时间与失重率、褐变度、总酚含量呈极显著正相关,与PPO活性呈极显著负相关(P0.01)。鲜切莲藕用0.3 mg/L臭氧水处理12 min后,可以在0~4℃冰箱贮存8 d。     

施氮量对迟播油菜生长及氮素吸收的影响(英文)

[目的]分析氮肥对不同冬油菜品种越冬期营养生长和氮素吸收的影响。[方法]连续两年(2009-2011)田间试验,以早熟品种中油116和中晚熟品种中油杂12号为材料,设5种氮肥用量(0,90,180,270,360kg/hm2)。在越冬期对油菜干重,根系和地上部氮含量及比例,叶片硝酸还原酶活性进行测定,并对籽粒产量进行考查。[结果]中油116在施氮量从0增加到180kg/hm2时,地上部干重迅速增加;而在施氮量从180kg/hm2增加到360kg/hm2时,地上部干重缓慢增加。中油杂12号的地上部干重随施氮量的增加呈单峰曲线变化,在270kg/hm2时达到最大值。当施氮量从90kg/hm2到180kg/hm2时,地上部和根中的氮含量及比例均迅速增加,并且中油杂12号根中的氮含量及比例高于中油116。两个品种的硝酸还原酶活性在施氮量从90kg/hm2到180kg/hm2时增加最为明显。[结论]合理施用氮肥能够显著增加不同熟期油菜品种越冬期的干重及氮素吸收,并提高油菜产量。     

全脂大豆对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

研究了生,熟全脂大豆对肉仔鸡不同生长发育阶段的影响,将２８０只１日龄艾维茵（Ａｖｉａｎ）肉鸡雏随机分成７组,每组４个重复小群,每个重复小群１０只鸡雏,饲喂含１５％熟大豆,１５％生大豆的试验日粮和对照（豆粕＋豆油）日粮。结果表明：饲喂生大豆饲粮肉仔鸡日增重比饲喂对照和熟大豆饲粮肉仔鸡日增重分别降低了６．５９％,１０．７３％,其饲料效率降低了１０．５２％．６．４８％。     

Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒VP1基因串联表达载体的构建

为了构建Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒双拷贝VP1基因的原核表达质粒,试验采用RT-PCR技术扩增鸭肝炎病毒VP1基因,将其连接到克隆载体pGEM-T Easy中得到重组克隆质粒pGEM-T-VP1,阳性克隆质粒经鉴定正确后,分别用BamHⅠ、XholⅠ、BglⅡ进行酶切,重组后得到pGEM-T-2VP1,然后将双拷贝VP1基因亚克隆入原核表达载体pET-30a(+)中,得到重组质粒pET-30a(+)-2VP1。结果表明:得到了含有目的基因的阳性克隆。说明Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒双拷贝VP1基因原核表达质粒构建成功。     

脊尾白虾热休克蛋白HSP90基因的原核表达与鉴定

将脊尾白虾热休克蛋白90基因克隆到原核表达载体pET-30a中,经酶切验证和DNA测序鉴定后,将重组质粒转化表达宿主大肠杆菌Rosetta,优化温度、时间、IPTG和OD600表达条件进行诱导表达,收集菌液,进行SDS-PAGE和质谱检测,并用Quantity one软件分析蛋白表达水平。结果表明,成功构建了含脊尾白虾HSP90基因的重组表达载体pET-30a-HSP90,表达目的蛋白相对分子量为82.7kD,为HSP90蛋白。通过条件优化认为重组菌株Rosetta/pET-30a-HSP90的最佳诱导温度为37℃,最佳IPTG浓度为1.0mmol/L,最佳诱导时机和诱导时间分别为0.58h、7h。     

凡纳滨对虾6个养殖群体遗传多样性的比较分析

中国多批次引进凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei并结合生产开展了相对独立的育苗工作,但对引进群体及引进后留种形成的本地群体的遗传变异水平缺乏了解,不利于种质管理及利用。此研究采用AFLP技术对抽查的6个养殖群体进行分析,发现进口群体具有相对较高的遗传多样性水平;养殖性能较好的东方、海星和旭明群体遗传多样性水平与进口群体相近;而乾塘群体遗传变异水平最高,推测可能是与其种质混杂有关;广益群体遗传多样性水平最低,可能已出现近交衰退。通过对各个群体间的遗传距离进行分析,为下一步根据亲缘关系的远近开展群体问杂交育种提供技术依据。     

Do same-aged but different height Norway spruce (Picea abies) clones affect soil microbial community?

The influence of individual trees in monocrop forests on soil microbial communities is poorly understood. We measured basal respiration, substrate-induced respiration and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), bacterial growth rate with the ³H-thymidine incorporation technique and fungal growth rate as ¹⁴C-acetate incorporation into ergosterol to investigate whether slow- and fast-growing 12-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies) clones have affected differently on their associated soil microbial communities. Understorey vegetation, soil chemical properties and elemental concentrations of needles were also determined. The slow- and fast-growing spruce clones differed in PLFA profiles, understorey vegetation and elemental concentrations in needles suggesting that spruce clones have directly or indirectly affected soil microbes.     

Kinetics of Hg adsorption onto noncrystalline Al hydroxide as influenced by low-molecular-weight organic ligands

This study was conducted to investigate the kinetics of Hg adsorption by noncrystalline Al hydroxide as influenced by various pH conditions and cysteine (cys), glycine (gly), and citric acid (cit), which have different structures and functionalities, as low-molecular-weight organic ligands using the GEOCHEM-PC software. The influence of these organic ligands on the kinetics of Hg adsorption varied according to their concentration, structure, and functionality and pH. The adsorption of Hg followed multiple first order kinetics with initial rapid adsorption, followed by slow adsorption. Cysteine suppressed or enhanced Hg adsorption, depending on pH and its concentration. Glycine and citric acid exerted suppressing and enhancing effects, respectively, with the exception of at pH 4.5 and at lower concentrations, at which no influence was observed as compared to the control. Two mechanisms were thought to mediate the adsorption of Hg(II); specific surface complexation in the control, cysteine and glycine systems, and ligand exchange in the citric acid system. The Hg adsorption at all levels of organic ligands decreased with increasing pH, with the exception of at the higher concentration of cysteine, at which the reverse trend was observed. The influence of organic ligands on the dynamics of Hg in the freshwater environment merits further study.     

城市工业用水量的灰色马尔可夫预测模型

灰色GM(1,1)是预测城市工业用水量的模型,这种模型不适合长期的、随机和波动性较大的数据序列预测,但是马尔可夫模型适合描述随机波动性较大的预测问题.可以将这两种模型结合,构建灰色马尔可夫预测模型.按特定的状态划分方法,先用灰色GM(1,1)预测模型进行预测,再用马尔可夫模型预测结果进行优化,使预测精度大大提高.最后以抚顺市为例,预测结果证明了该模型的优势.     

水稻苗田化学除草剂—封闭1号大面积苗田药效示范试验结果

通过多点水稻苗田大面积示范试验结果表明,通化市农科所研制的水稻苗田除草剂“封闭1号”具有除草效果好(90～100％)、安全、使用方便、成本低等特点。1988～1991年,累计推广面积(苗田)达15.6万亩,创造经济效益150万元。