干椒新品种蓉椒6号的选育

自交系9804和9909杂交配制成杂交一代干椒，植株生长旺盛，座果力强，较抗病毒病和疫病，果实指形，纵长17～19cm，横径1．2cm，青熟果绿色，老熟果鲜红色，单果重8．3g，味辣，品质佳，中熟品种，从定植到采收55d(天)，一般每667m^2产1500～1900kg。     

15%苯乙锡·井可湿性粉剂防治稻曲病和稻瘟病试验与研究

近几年来,稻曲病和稻瘟病有流行加剧趋势,长期使用稻瘟灵、三环唑等常规药剂防治药效有所下降。江苏金凤凰农化有限公司研制的15%苯乙锡·井可湿性粉剂(瘟曲必克)经试验能有效地控制穗期稻曲病和稻瘟病的危害。     

Idiopathic eosinophilic colitis lesions of the equine small (descending) colon

Five horses with a primary surgical lesion of the small (descending) colon were diagnosed with eosinophilic colitis based on visual and histopathological examination. These were evident as visibly striking, hyperaemic, focal lesions of the small colon, with serosal petechiation, oedema and marked thickening of the intestinal wall at the site. Areas of focal necrosis were also evident. The gross appearance of the lesions were considered to be sufficiently severe in all cases to merit resection, due to concerns about intestinal necrosis and septic peritonitis. An inability to fully exteriorise the affected portion of intestine to perform a resection and anastomosis necessitated intraoperative euthanasia of one horse. A total of three horses survived to hospital discharge. Eosinophilic colitis lesions are a rare cause of severe small colon disease, but should be considered in cases with similar visual characteristics.     

高温胁迫对文冠果主要抗氧化酶活性的影响

以文冠果水培枝为试验材料,对6个高温梯度、4种培养液处理条件下其叶中多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶活性(CAT)进行测定与分析。结果表明:(1)文冠果的POD酶当温度在35℃时酶活性出现一明显峰值;CAT酶当温度在45℃时酶活性出现一个明显峰值;SOD酶在温度为35℃和45℃时先后出现明显峰值;(2)POD和CAT酶在植物体内起作用的温度范围不同,温度在45℃之前,CAT酶起主要作用,温度高于45℃后,POD酶起主要作用;(3)不同铜、锌元素的水培液处理对SOD活性影响均达到显著水平,即处理4-[Cu(1)Zn(1)]对SOD活性影响极其显著,其显著性大小依次为:4-[Cu(1)Zn(1)]、3-[Cu(1)Zn(0)]、2-[Cu(0)Zn(1)]。保护酶系统酶活性与文冠果的生理代谢以及抗逆性有关,旨在为文冠果抗逆性机理的深入研究提供依据。     

不同旱稻品种灌浆期抗旱生理适应性的研究

选择抗旱性不同的4个旱稻品种,对其灌浆期旗叶抗旱性生理指标进行测定。结果表明:超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及游离脯氨酸含量均为抗旱性较强品种(旱稻15号,旱稻2号)极显著地高于抗旱性较弱品种(旱稻1号,旱稻3号);丙二醛(MDA)含量和细胞膜相对透性大小表现为抗旱性较强品种(旱稻15号,旱稻2号)极显著地低于抗旱性较弱品种(旱稻1号,旱稻3号)。SOD、POD、CAT活性和丙二醛含量、游离脯氨酸含量、细胞膜相对透性可用来说明旱稻品种之间的抗旱生理适应性的差异。     

Identification,Characteristics and Function of Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in the Agar Biosynthesis and Carbon Flux in the Agarophyte Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Agar is widely applied across the food, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, owing to its various bioactive functions. To better understand the agar biosynthesis in commercial seaweed Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, the activities of four enzymes participating in the agar biosynthesis were detected, and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) was confirmed as highly correlated with agar accumulation. Three genes of PGM (GlPGM1, GlPGM2 and GlPGM3) were identified from the G. lemaneiformis genome. The subcellular localization analysis validated that GlPGM1 was located in the chloroplast and GlPGM3 was not significantly distributed in the organelles. Both the GlPGM1 and GlPGM3 protein levels showed a remarkable consistency with the agar variations, and GlPGM3 may participate in the carbon flux between (iso)floridoside, floridean starch and agar synthesis. After treatment with the PGM inhibitor, the agar and floridean starch contents and the activities of floridean starch synthase were significantly decreased; products identified in the Calvin cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were depressed; however, lipids, phenolic acids and the intermediate metabolites, fructose-1,6-phosphate were upregulated. These findings reveal the essential role of PGM in regulating the carbon flux between agar and other carbohydrates in G. lemaneiformis, providing a guide for the artificial regulation of agar accumulation.     

大田栽培条件下刺五加光合日变化研究

以大田栽培条件下4a生刺五加为试材,进行光合日变化研究.结果表明:刺五加光合日变化有午休现象,光强以11:00～13:00为高,上午的光合速率较午后为高,在上午10:00左右光合速率达到最高;全光处理光强高于遮光处理200～500 lx左右,遮光处理光合作用弱于全光处理;全光处理光强一直在500 lx以上,光合速率降幅小,而遮光处理光强在下午15:00以后下降很快,低至100～400 lx,光合速率降幅大.遮光处理能使光强在400～1 200 lx范围内,满足刺五加对光的需求,较适于阴生植物的生长;而6月中旬与9月中旬光强低,光合速率也低,说明遮光过早和撤覆延迟能降低刺五加光合速率,因此,建议合理的遮光时间为6月中旬至8月下旬,以保证刺五加高效利用光能,提高光合速率.     

用免疫分离法检测稻种上的白叶枯病菌

 免疫分离法是一种新型的、高度灵敏和准确的种菌带菌检验法,它结合了利用专化性抗血清的选择法吸附作用和活细菌可形成菌落的两方面的优点,从种苗材料中分离到目标细菌,用纯菌测试它的回收率为50~70%,最低检出率为50~100个菌/ml,人工喷接种和病田收获的病种带菌率达87%,平均每粒自然病种上的细菌数在100个左右。免疫分离所得菌落经致病性测定,大多数为白叶枯菌。     

狭叶菖蒲乙醇提取物对棉铃虫卵和幼虫的生物活性

为筛选安全高效的棉铃虫防治药剂,选用狭叶菖蒲Acorus calamus var.angustatus乙醇提取物对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera卵和幼虫的触杀活性、胃毒作用、拒食效果和生长抑制作用进行了测定,同时以0.5%藜芦碱为药剂对照,对比分析狭叶菖蒲提取物的杀虫效果。结果表明,狭叶菖蒲乙醇提取物对棉铃虫3龄幼虫有显著的触杀、胃毒、拒食和生长抑制活性以及杀卵效果,且生物活性随浓度升高和处理时间延长而增加;狭叶菖蒲提取物对棉铃虫触杀活性、胃毒活性、杀卵活性的致死中浓度LC_(50)分别为20.50、19.26和31.39 mg/m L,对棉铃虫生长抑制中浓度EC_(50)和拒食中浓度AFC_(50)分别为7.15、10.43 mg/m L;0.5%藜芦碱药剂对棉铃虫触杀活性、胃毒活性和杀卵活性LC_(50)分别为12.19、16.90和29.87 mg/m L,对棉铃虫EC_(50)和AFC_(50)分别为3.99、8.32 mg/m L,均低于菖蒲根茎提取物。气相色谱-质谱分析结果显示,狭叶菖蒲乙醇提取物主要成分为α-细辛醚、β-细辛醚、菖蒲酮和白千层醇。表明狭叶菖蒲乙醇提取物有开发为新型植物源农药的潜力。